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Floodland (album)

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Floodland
File:The Sisters of Mercy - Floodland cover.jpg
Studio album by
the Sisters of Mercy
Released13 November 1987
Recorded1987
Studio
Genre
Length
  • 45:27 (vinyl)
  • 53:28 (cassette)
  • 60:51 (CD)
Label
Producer
The Sisters of Mercy chronology
First and Last and Always
(1985) 		Floodland
(1987) 		Vision Thing
(1990)
Singles from Floodland
  1. "This Corrosion"
    Released: September 1987
  2. "Dominion"
    Released: February 1988
  3. "Lucretia My Reflection"
    Released: June 1988
  4. "1959"
    Released: 1988 (Radio single)

Floodland is the second studio album by English gothic rock band the Sisters of Mercy. It was released on 13 November 1987 through Merciful Release and WEA, with Elektra Records handling the US release. After the release of the band's debut album, First and Last and Always (1985), members Craig Adams and Wayne Hussey departed the band, leading to the band's disbandment. As a result, band frontman Andrew Eldritch formed a side project, The Sisterhood, and recorded new material with them. After his first album with the side project received poor sales and a negative reception, he went back to recording with the Sisters of Mercy, albeit still without Adams and Hussey. Sisterhood member Patricia Morrison became a part of the band as a result.

Eldritch wrote the songs of Floodland in Hamburg; the city's large amount of water influenced the album's title as well as its recurring lyrical theme of water. He then called upon Larry Alexander and Jim Steinman to produce the album with him. Recording sessions began in Manhattan, New York, during January 1987 and carried on throughout the first half of the year in various studios throughout England. Eldritch served as the vocalist and performed most of the instruments on all tracks, with Morrison performing bass on some tracks and the band's drum machine, "Doktor Avalanche", acting as the drum player. In contrast to First and Last and Always, Floodland was done in a less conventional way, with the album being pieced together on computers using sequencers. The album musically incorporates gothic rock and dark wave, while lyrically, Eldritch is cast as someone observing the world slowly deteriorating. Some of the events that inspired some of the album's songs include the Chernobyl disaster, Cold War, and the band's breakup.

The band chose not to embark on a tour to support the album, but despite this, Floodland and its singles had a positive commercial performance. The album debuted in the United Kingdom at number 9. Its pre-orders assured it silver certification status from the BPI upon its release. In 1988, the album was certified gold by the BPI for selling 100,000 copies in the UK. The album also peaked within the top 40 in other European countries. The three singles released to support the album were "This Corrosion", "Dominion", and "Lucretia My Reflection". In the UK, "This Corrosion" peaked at number 7, "Dominion" peaked at number 13, and "Lucretia My Reflection" peaked at number 20. The song "1959" was also released as a radio single.

Background

The original band's breakup

Band frontman Andrew Eldritch, pictured here in 2000

After the release of the band's debut album First and Last and Always in March 1985, frontman Andrew Eldritch intended to record an ABBA cover as a single,[1] and tried to hire Jim Steinman as a producer. Eldritch originally contacted him when the ABBA song "Gimme Gimme Gimme" was in the band's setlist. Steinman was interested in producing the cover, but was too busy at that time. Shortly afterward, the Sisters of Mercy disbanded.[2] The break-up occurred while the band prepared their second LP in October 1985, which was going to be titled Left on Mission and Revenge.[3] Eldritch, who still intended to record the album as a solo artist, on the same day called bassist Patricia Morrison, currently on a UK tour with her band Fur Bible supporting Siouxsie and the Banshees, and asked her to collaborate with him.[4]

The music press reported the break-up on 2 November 1985, announcing that "the Sisters of Mercy were down to singer Andrew Eldritch and his faithful drum machine Doctor Avalanche this week after guitarist Wayne Hussey and bassist Craig Adams left the band. Although this has scuppered recording plans for a new album this month, Andrew now intends to record the same album in the New Year and could well be using Wayne as a session guitarist. [...] Andrew has also approached former Gun Club bassist Patricia Morrison—now in Fur Bible—to play on the album, but it's not yet known whether Andrew will continue with the name Sisters of Mercy."[5] Eldritch had no intention to carry on under the old band's name, as members of the band who left to form the Mission had an agreement with him that the name "the Sisters of Mercy" would be used by no one after the break-up.[6]

The Sisterhood

Eldritch released the single "Giving Ground" on 20 January 1986 under the name "the Sisterhood", which featured vocals by his musician friend James Ray. At the end of February 1986 the Merciful Release label announced the "forthcoming Andrew Eldritch album which for some months has had the working title Left on Mission and Revenge." This solo album which was finally titled Gift was released in July 1986, again under the Sisterhood moniker. It was recorded at Fairview Studios in Willerby, Hull. Eldritch did not sing on the album for contractual reasons. Morrison collaborated with him for the first time, contributing a spoken passage on the track "Jihad". The album was a financial failure, received negative reviews from the music press, and, as a result, Eldritch lost his publishing deal with RCA Music Limited.[7] A Sisterhood 12" EP titled This Corrosion was planned for release and would feature an American vocalist, whose identity was meant to be kept secret until release.[8] It had been recorded at Fairview Studios with Alan Vega but remained unreleased. Eldritch instead kept the idea for when he would reboot the Sisters of Mercy.[9]

Patricia Morrison joined the band as the bassist prior to the recording sessions

Album preparation

After the "Sisterhood fiasco",[10] Eldritch decided to continue under the name "the Sisters of Mercy", feeling as though doing so would improve the name's reputation after the previous fallout.[6] He also thought that it would have been nonsensical to change the name, as he still wrote songs the same way as before.[2] Eldritch, who in 1985 first moved to Bramfeld and then to St. Pauli,[11] began to compose a new album, under the WEA label, in Hamburg. The demos were mainly recorded with a Casio CZ-101 synthesizer, acoustic guitars and a new drum machine. At the time, Eldritch was attempting to find a MIDI drum machine that featured a "tighter snare drum" sound at a modest price.[12] With the exception of "This Corrosion", he recorded demo versions of all Floodland songs in 1986, which later began to appear on the bootleggers' market.[13][14]

According to Eldritch, Morrison didn't contribute to the songwriting, saying that the album was practically a solo record. He insinuated that she suffered from writer's block and was unable to come up with many musical ideas, also adding that he "couldn't even get her to pick up the bass in the first place."[15] Merciful Release office manager Boyd Steemson also confirmed that her contributions were minimal.[16] Eldritch denied that his approach to songwriting had changed since the band split, saying that "'This Corrosion' sounds like 'Temple of Love' II, '1959' sounds like 'Afterhours' part 2. I don't see any difference or any real change. I think I just carry on where I stopped."[17] He licensed the publishing to SBK Songs Limited (now part of EMI Music Publishing).[18]

The starting point for the album was the song "This Corrosion", which was to be produced by Steinman. Eldritch had immediately thought of him when he came up with the idea for the song.[17] He stated that "when we were trying to sell 'Corrosion' to Steinman, we told him it was like the high-point of a Borgia's disco evening and he went for it."[6] He also used Steinman to get his record company to concede an appropriate recording budget. He figured that the company wouldn't grant money to use on choirs, but that they'd immediately do so if Steinman were to ask for it.[19] According to Steemson, Max Hole, the head of Warners' A&R, managed to get the band a budget of £50,000 for the song.[16]

Recording

Jim Steinman served as a producer for "Dominion / Mother Russia" and "This Corrosion"

The recording of "This Corrosion" and "Dominion / Mother Russia" started in January 1987 in New York.[10] Steinman and Eldritch used Power Station Studios in Manhattan, New York, where they worked with engineer Larry Alexander.[20] On both songs, Steinman used six background singers[21] and 40 members of the New York Choral Society.[22] Eldritch recalled that he was unsure as to why so many vocalists sung all at once, but noted that it "seemed like a good idea at the time" and worked out well in the end.[23] Steinman mainly focused on the production of the choral singings and did not contribute much to the actual composition and arrangements. This caused him to receive only partial production credit for "Dominion / Mother Russia".[2]

The remainder of the album was recorded in England. Initially, Eldritch worked with an unknown producer, who he eventually fired.[17] He called Larry Alexander while in New York and hired him as a co-producer. They traveled to England, where they recorded at multiple studios. They spent time at Strawberry Studios in Manchester before transitioning to The Wool Hall in Bath. Recording was completed at AIR Studios in London.[20] Roy Neave, an in-house engineer at Fairview Studios, engineered the sessions. Originally Eldritch intended to work with his colleague John Spence, who had worked with the Sisterhood in 1986, but he was committed to another project at the time and recommended Neave as his replacement.[24]

Composition

Music

Sputnikmusic staff reviewer "ManosG" described the music of Floodland as a mix of gothic rock and dark wave.[25] In contrast to the previous album, First and Last and Always, which had been recorded in a conventional way, Floodland was pieced together on a computer with the help of sequencers. Eldritch worked on the recorded parts with a Voyetra Sequencer Plus, with a Yamaha SPX-90 being used as an effects unit and the parts being saved on a Compaq Portable 286. The guitars were played by Eldritch himself, apart from the solo on "This Corrosion" which was played by Steinman's friend Eddie Martinez.[2] In the previous year, he had played the guitar solo on Robert Palmer's US number one hit "Addicted to Love". Most of the bass on the album was not played on a bass guitar, but instead by Eldritch himself using synth bass. Though Patricia Morrison was brought in as a member to play the bass, she was only featured in some places; Eldritch later suggested that she did not appear at all on the album. In an interview, he commented on the issue of Morrison playing on Floodland, saying "that's an assumption which a lot of people make, [...] but obviously I question that assumption."[26] Morrison later stated that she did indeed play on the album, but Eldritch recorded over her parts at times.[27] The drum sounds on the album were sampled together from various drum machines with an Akai S900. The tom sound was from an Oberheim DMX which had been used on First and Last and Always. The remaining drum sounds were from a Yamaha RX-5.[28] The track "1959" features only the sound of a piano, but was pieced together with a sequencer by Eldritch and played without an actual piano.[15]

Lyrics

Hamburg, where Eldritch resided while writing the songs of Floodland, inspired the album's title and recurring theme of water

Regarding the album title, Eldritch realized that, after writing all the songs, the theme of water came up multiple times throughout. He attributed the recurrence of this theme to the amount of water within Hamburg, where he was writing these songs.[19] Michael Bonner of Uncut viewed Eldritch as casting himself in a role where he is a "jaded observer, watching cynically as he and the world slouch towards Armageddon," adding that the songs are bonded together by "images of the apocalypse that straddle the gap between the personal and the political."[29]

The two-part opening track, "Dominion / Mother Russia", was inspired by "Ozymandias", a Shelley sonnet about a tyrant whose legacy of conquest diminishes as time passes by, from which one line is lifted. Bonner noted that the song seemed to have been inspired by Cold War geopolitics as well. Eldritch commented on the song and how it was created, saying "I made the mistake of getting caught in central Europe when Chernobyl started sprinkling its residue over the land. It's part of my hate/hate relationship with America. I just had the idea of all them huddled in their mobile homes while Mother Russia rained down on them. [...] I suppose the song is really about the prostitution of Europe by the Americans."[29] "Flood I" and "Flood II" use the word "flood" as a metaphor for sex. Eldritch commented on the song, saying "most people, if you think about it, only get wet under certain circumstances. [...] Water is something so mammoth, so a flood is emotionally very stimulating."[30] He called "Lucretia My Reflection" his "Welcome on board, Patricia" song, saying that he had always thought of her as a "Lucretia-type person."[30] The partially-autobiographical song "1959" takes it title from Eldritch's birth year. He thought of the song as regarding "innocence–inherited as opposed to environmental."[29]

Wayne Hussey's departure from the band and his "clichéd lyrics" served as the inspiration for the lyrics of "This Corrosion"

The centre piece of the album, "This Corrosion", goes back to the conflict between Eldritch and his former bandmates who were now in the Mission. The lyrics are a parody of "clichéd, meaningless rock lyrics" as Wayne Hussey especially wrote them. Eldritch noted that "it is, of course, directed at somebody and it doesn't take a genius to work out who, although it'll probably take the person concerned some considerable time. [...] Nearly all of [the lyrics] should be thought of in quotation marks. It would be too confusing to print them all."[30] He also notes that the title is capitalized on the lyrics sheet because "it's the title of somebody else's song. [...] Wayne used to withdraw himself with a book of song titles, select those which sounded best and piece together a song lyric from it. It didn't have to have any meaning, it just had to sound good."[2]

"Driven Like the Snow", like "Nine While Nine" on the band's previous album, is about Eldritch's former girlfriend Claire Shearsby, even being noted as "Nine While Nine Part 2" by him. He thought of the song as a way to logically explain why the relationship had to fall apart.[30] On "Never Land", Eldritch commented that it imagines "the entire population of the earth starting to travel from some indefinable point in space toward the earth at increasing speed. It would take an eternity to reach the earth—by which time you'd be reasonably spiritualised—and even when you reached the destination, you wouldn't actually hit the ground. You'd be going so fast you'd just go through and out the other side, where there is another eternity of nothingness. I just tried to write a song about these impressions."[30] The lyrics Eldritch referred to would be found on the full 12-minute version of the song, which was included in the Merciful Release box set.[31]

Promotion and release

"This Corrosion" was selected as the first single from the album, although Eldritch initially had pleaded for "Dominion".[19] It was released on 18 September 1987. Each format (7", 12", CD and cassette) contained a different mix of the song. Eldritch originally wanted the long version on the single, but the record company desired for an edited version instead. The mix of the LP version is identical to that of the 12" version, but lasts about 45 seconds longer. The cassette version was mixed by Steinman and differs from other single versions.[2] The B-side of the single was "Torch", which Eldritch produced and played every instrument on. It had been written in 1985 for the aborted Left on Mission and Revenge album. The 12" single added Eldritch's version of the Sisterhood song "Colours". WEA conceded a budget of over £50,000 for the video.[32] It was shot in a warehouse in Wapping and set in the ruins of a post-nuclear attack London and was directed by Stuart Orme. The band wanted to film in Kazakhstan in the Soviet Union, but at the same time, Russian record label Melodiya was in negotiations with the West regarding video rights, and filming there would have botched the negotiations.[33]

Professional ratings
Review scores
SourceRating
AllMusic[34]
Classic Rock[35]
Rolling Stone[36]
Sputnikmusic4/5[25]
The Village VoiceC+[37]

Floodland was first released on 13 November 1987[38] through Merciful Release and WEA in Europe.[18] It later received a release in the United States on 11 January 1988 through Elektra Records.[39] Morrison's name was not included in the album's credits, although she was pictured on the sleeve and she appeared under her real name Anne Rainone in the "Thanks" section of the inner sleeve. Morrison downplayed this fact in interviews, saying "if you look at Sisters' records, the names for what people play usually aren't there. Andrew writes the songs so there's no reason for anyone else to be featured. I was well aware of that when the album came out but what I didn't realise was that it would confuse other people. If people haven't seen the press we've done, they don't know I'm in the band."[4] Eldritch chose not to embark on a tour to promote the album,[40] feeling that the album was never made to be played live.[41]

Following the release of Floodland in November, a remix of "Dominion" was announced as the second single in December 1987.[19] It was released in the last week of February 1988. A cover of the Hot Chocolate song "Emma" was recorded for the single in January 1988[29] at the Church Studios in London, with final overdubs and mixing completed at Master Rock Studios in Kilburn. Morrison provided the bass guitar for the track. Eldritch recorded vocals for the song several times, but regardless of the result, he felt that it didn't sound as good as his vocals from live performances. As a result, he and producer Hugh Jones hired the Kilburn National Theatre and the Rolling Stones Mobile recording truck and played the track to him through the stage monitors, recording multiple performances with him singing on the stage.[42] The other B-side tracks of the single, made from various "Dominion" segments, were prepared shortly before the "Dominion" video shoot.[43] "Sandstorm" consists of various sampled saxophone and keyboard parts from "Dominion", mixed to a moody short instrumental track which was used in the opening section of the video. "Untitled" is a slowed-down instrumental excerpt from "Dominion". The CD single contained "Ozymandias", which is "Dominion" played backwards. The video for "Dominion" was filmed in February 1988 in the Jordanian city of Petra. After the commercial success of "This Corrosion", WEA had again conceded a budget of £50,000 and enlisted director David Hogan, who shot the video in two days after four-and-a-half months of preparation.[32][44] Eldritch called the video "Lawrence of Arabia part two."[45]

The third and final single from the album, a remix of "Lucretia My Reflection" was released on 27 May 1988.[46] The song's lyrics mentioned the words "long train", so the eponymous Sisters track was selected as a B-side. "Long Train" was originally released as a flexi disc in 1984 and had already become a collector's item. The video was filmed by director Peter Sinclair at locations in India, including a "Bombay cotton factory".[47] Eldritch had also considered releasing "1959" as a single at some point. It was later released as a promotional single aimed for radio play. It also received a music video that was filmed in India.[10]

Commercial performance

Floodland reached number 9 in the UK album charts. Preorders alone assured the album silver status on the day of its release, and on 11 March 1988 it went gold with 100,000 sold units.[48] According to Eldritch the album recouped the high production costs in 1989.[49] In Germany, which Eldritch claimed was The Sisters' second largest market behind the UK,[49] Floodland entered the top 100 albums chart on 14 December 1987, staying there for twenty weeks and reaching number 32.[50] In 1993 it went gold, with 250,000 sold units.[51] It reached number 101 in the Billboard 200 on 12 March 1988.[52]

Track listing

All tracks are written by Andrew Eldritch

Side one
No.TitleLength
1."Dominion / Mother Russia"7:00
2."Flood I"6:22
3."Lucretia My Reflection"4:57
4."1959"4:09
Total length:22:30
Side two
No.TitleLength
1."This Corrosion"9:16
2."Flood II"6:19
3."Driven Like the Snow"4:39
4."Never Land (a fragment)"2:46
Total length:22:57
Cassette edition
No.TitleLength
1."Dominion / Mother Russia"7:00
2."Flood I"6:22
3."Lucretia My Reflection"4:57
4."1959"4:09
5."Torch"3:55
6."This Corrosion"10:55
7."Flood II"6:47
8."Driven Like the Snow"6:27
9."Never Land (a fragment)"2:55
Total length:53:28
CD edition
No.TitleLength
1."Dominion / Mother Russia"7:01
2."Flood I"6:22
3."Lucretia My Reflection"4:57
4."1959"4:09
5."This Corrosion"10:55
6."Flood II"6:47
7."Driven Like the Snow"6:27
8."Never Land (a fragment)"2:55
9."Torch"3:55
10."Colours"7:23
Total length:60:51
2006 reissue bonus tracks
No.TitleWriter(s)Length
11."Never Land"Andrew Eldritch12:00
12."Emma"Errol Brown and Tony Wilson6:21
Total length:79:12

Personnel

Charts

Chart (1987) Peak
position
German Albums (Offizelle Top 100)[53] 32
New Zealand Albums (RMNZ)[54] 28
Swedish Albums (Sverigetopplistan)[55] 28
Swiss Albums (Schweizer Hitparade)[56] 24
UK Albums (OCC)[57] 9
US Billboard 200[52] 101

Certifications

Region Certification Certified units/sales
Germany (BVMI)[51] Gold 250,000^
United Kingdom (BPI)[48] Gold 100,000^

* Sales figures based on certification alone.
^ Shipments figures based on certification alone.

References

Notes

  1. ^ The studios used for recording are uncredited in the album's liner notes. They are listed based on the band members' and producers' accounts of the sessions.
  2. ^ The band members' instruments are not credited in the album's liner notes. Their primary instruments are listed based on their accounts of the album's recording and their de facto primary roles in the group.
  3. ^ The additional members who took part in the recording sessions are not credited in the album's liner notes. They are listed based on the band members' and producers' accounts of the sessions.

Citations

  1. ^ Spex, August 1985, p. 5
  2. ^ a b c d e f Ruff, Spex, January 1988
  3. ^ "Andrew Eldritch interview". SkyTrax. 1987. Sky1.
  4. ^ a b Sutherland, Melody Maker, June 1988, p. 14
  5. ^ Sounds magazine 2 November 1985 (page 3)
  6. ^ a b c Sutherland, Melody Maker, September 1987
  7. ^ "Sisters – About Gift". The Sisters of Mercy (official website). Retrieved 2 December 2012.
  8. ^ Spencer; Strickland, Sounds, February 1986
  9. ^ Glasperlenspiel 06, June 2003, p. 6
  10. ^ a b c Scanlon, Sounds, December 1987, p. 10
  11. ^ Ute Arndt, Bernd Gerstacker, Thomas Duffé: St. Pauli – Gesichter und Ansichten vom Kiez (Historika Photoverlag 1995)
  12. ^ "Sisters Tech - Doktor Avalanche". The Sisters of Mercy (official website). Retrieved 29 September 2018.
  13. ^ "The Sisters of Mercy - Black Dominion (Vinyl, 12", Unofficial Release)". Discogs. Retrieved 14 January 2019.
  14. ^ "The Sisters of Mercy - Kill the Lights (Vinyl, LP, Unofficial Release, White Label)". Discogs. Retrieved 14 January 2019.
  15. ^ a b Riemann, Bravo, September 1992, p. 28
  16. ^ a b McIntyre, Classic Rock, July 2007, p. 61
  17. ^ a b c Niechziol, ME/Sounds, February 1988
  18. ^ a b c d e Floodland (album liner notes). The Sisters of Mercy. Merciful Release; WEA. 1987.{{cite AV media notes}}: CS1 maint: others in cite AV media (notes) (link)
  19. ^ a b c d Scanlon, Sounds, December 1987, p. 9
  20. ^ a b Crane, Larry (May–June 2013). "Larry Alexander (bonus): Diana Ross, Devo, Springsteen, Steely Dan". Tape Op. Retrieved 1 December 2018.
  21. ^ "Frequently Asked Questions". The Sisters of Mercy (official website). Retrieved 29 September 2018.
  22. ^ "Past Concerts". New York Choral Society (official website). Retrieved 29 September 2018.
  23. ^ Andrew Eldritch TV interview (Bingo programme, BRT 26 February 1988)
  24. ^ [1] information provided by John Spence (13 September 2010)
  25. ^ a b g, manos (9 May 2014). "Review: CD The Sisters of Mercy - Floodland Album". Sputnikmusic. Retrieved 1 January 2015.
  26. ^ Andrew Eldritch TV interview (120 Minutes programme, MTV 28 January 1991)
  27. ^ [2] Information provided by Patricia Morrison (13 June 2009)
  28. ^ "Sisters Tech - Doktor". The Sisters of Mercy (official website). Retrieved 13 December 2018.
  29. ^ a b c d Bonner, Uncut, 2006
  30. ^ a b c d e Mico, Melody Maker, November 1987
  31. ^ "Sisters of Mercy - Never Land (Full Length) (Bonus Track) Lyrics". Metrolyrics. Retrieved 16 May 2018.
  32. ^ a b ME/Sounds, May 1988
  33. ^ "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 8 March 2012. Retrieved 8 May 2012.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link) Patricia Morrison interview (official website, as on 22 January 2005)
  34. ^ True, Chris. "The Sisters of Mercy: Floodland at AllMusic. Retrieved 20 September 2011.
  35. ^ Sleazegrinder, Classic Rock, December 2006, p. 101
  36. ^ Coleman, Rolling Stone, May 1988
  37. ^ Christgau, Robert (29 November 1988). "Christgau's Consumer Guide: Turkey Shoot". The Village Voice. Retrieved 26 March 2017.
  38. ^ "The Sisters of Mercy | Floodland". Post-Punk.com. 13 November 2015. Retrieved 9 June 2019.
  39. ^ "Floodland". United States Copyright Office. Retrieved 15 December 2019.
  40. ^ McIntyre, Classic Rock, July 2007, p. 61–62
  41. ^ RIP magazine (July 1991)
  42. ^ [3] information provided by Hugh Jones (21 September 2010)
  43. ^ Tilton, Record Mirror, February 1988
  44. ^ A. Scanlon, Sounds, March 1988
  45. ^ Andrew Eldritch TV interview (Supersonic programme, Super Channel late February 1988)
  46. ^ [4] release date according to German promotion sheet
  47. ^ Thompson, p. 187
  48. ^ a b "British album certifications – Sisters of Mercy – Floodland". British Phonographic Industry. Select albums in the Format field. Select Gold in the Certification field. Type Floodland in the "Search BPI Awards" field and then press Enter.
  49. ^ a b Dickson, Heartland, June 1991, p. 46)
  50. ^ "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 18 July 2011. Retrieved 15 March 2010.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link) according to Chartsurfer.de website
  51. ^ a b "Gold-/Platin-Datenbank (Sisters of Mercy; 'Floodland')" (in German). Bundesverband Musikindustrie.
  52. ^ a b "Sisters of Mercy Chart History (Billboard 200)". Billboard. Retrieved 1 April 2018.
  53. ^ "The Sisters of Mercy - Floodland". GfK Entertainment Charts. Retrieved 1 April 2018.
  54. ^ "Charts.nz – The Sisters of Mercy – Floodland". Hung Medien. Retrieved 1 April 2018.
  55. ^ "Swedishcharts.com – The Sisters of Mercy – Floodland". Hung Medien. Retrieved 1 April 2018.
  56. ^ "Swisscharts.com – The Sisters of Mercy – Floodland". Hung Medien. Retrieved 1 April 2018.
  57. ^ "Sisters of Mercy | Artist | Official Charts". UK Albums Chart. Retrieved 1 April 2018.

Bibliography

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