Forbes, New South Wales
| Forbes New South Wales | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
 Court house built in 1880 | |||||||||
| Population | 7,560 (2011 census)[1] | ||||||||
| Established | 1861 | ||||||||
| Postcode(s) | 2871 | ||||||||
| Location | |||||||||
| LGA(s) | Forbes Shire Council | ||||||||
| County | Ashburnham | ||||||||
| State electorate(s) | Orange | ||||||||
| Federal division(s) | Calare | ||||||||
| |||||||||
Forbes is a town in the Central West region of New South Wales, Australia, located on the Newell Highway between Parkes and West Wyalong. At the 2011 census, Forbes had a population of 7,560.[1] Forbes is probably named after Sir Francis Forbes, first Chief Justice of NSW.[2]
Located on the banks of the Lachlan River, Forbes is 245 metres (804 ft) above sea-level and about 380 kilometres (240 mi) west of Sydney. The district is a cropping area where wheat and similar crops are grown. Nearby towns and villages include Calarie, Parkes, Bedgerebong, Bundabarrah, Corradgery, Daroobalgie, Eugowra, Ooma North and Paytens Bridge. Forbes is subject to a pattern of flooding, generally occurring to a significant level once every seven years, including 2016.[3]
History
The area was home to the Wiradjuri people before non-indigenous settlement. John Oxley passed through in 1817 during one of the first inland expeditions. Oxley named the site Camp Hill. He was unimpressed with the clay soil, poor timber and swamps and he concluded, it is impossible to imagine a worse country.[4] The first settlers moved into the district in 1834.[5]
Gold was discovered by Harry Stephens, also known as "German Perry", in June 1861.[5] Initially about 30,000 people moved to the goldfields, but by 1863 this had declined to about 3,500 because of the difficult mining conditions.
The goldfields were originally named "Black Ridge", and the name "Forbes" celebrating Sir Francis Forbes was declared from Sydney as the result of a possible government administrative error, it is said that the name was meant for the town now known as "Hill End" between Orange and Mudgee, New South Wales where gold was discovered around a similar time. Gold was initially found in the area known as Halpin's Flat. The Albion Hotel, once a Cobb and Co. stage coach stop, had tunnels situated underneath which were used during the gold rush to convey gold and money to and from the banks to minimise the chance of theft.[5] The Albion Hotel burnt down on 10 February 2009, losing years worth of history and memorabilia.[6]
One of Australia's most renowned bushrangers, Ben Hall, was shot dead in gun battle about 20 kilometres (12 mi) to the north-west of town on 5 May 1865. Hall and his gang were famous for stealing 77 kilograms (170 lb) of gold and £3,700 from the nearby town of Eugowra in 1862. He is buried in the Forbes Cemetery.[7]
Kate Kelly, the sister of bushranger Ned Kelly, lived in the town. She drowned in Lake Forbes while saving an Aboriginal child during a flood in 1898 and was found in a lagoon of the Lachlan River, just outside Forbes.[4][8] She is buried in Forbes Cemetery.[7]
Transport
The Stockinbingal–Parkes railway line passes through Forbes. Passenger trains operated to Forbes until 1983.[9] Forbes lies at or near the confluence of the Newell Highway, the Lachlan Valley Way and Henry Lawson Way.
Education
Forbes Shire has four public primary schools: Forbes Primary School, Forbes North Primary School, Corinella Public School and Bedgerebong Public School. There is one Catholic primary school, St Laurence's Primary School.[10]
Forbes High School, a public school, is located to the north of town.
Red Bend Catholic College at Forbes is a co-educational secondary school, with the school located at the site of the former Marist Brothers' College, on the banks of the Lachlan River.
Local tertiary institutions are the Forbes College of Technical and Further Education (TAFE) and the Forbes Conservatorium.[11]
Sport
The Forbes Camel Races have been held annually since 2001 on Good Friday at the Forbes Racecourse.
Climate
Forbes lies in the transitional zones of the semi-arid climate (BSh) and humid subtropical climates (Cfa), with relatively large temperature variation between seasons and mild rainfall spread evenly throughout the year. Extreme temperatures have ranged from 47.8 °C (118.0 °F) to −5.6 °C (21.9 °F).
| Climate data for Forbes | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Record high °C (°F) | 47.8 (118.0) |
44.7 (112.5) |
42.2 (108.0) |
36.7 (98.1) |
30.8 (87.4) |
24.5 (76.1) |
25.0 (77.0) |
29.4 (84.9) |
34.6 (94.3) |
39.4 (102.9) |
42.9 (109.2) |
45.6 (114.1) |
47.8 (118.0) |
| Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 32.7 (90.9) |
32.1 (89.8) |
29.1 (84.4) |
24.0 (75.2) |
19.0 (66.2) |
15.1 (59.2) |
14.2 (57.6) |
16.3 (61.3) |
19.8 (67.6) |
24.2 (75.6) |
28.2 (82.8) |
31.2 (88.2) |
23.8 (74.8) |
| Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | 17.4 (63.3) |
17.1 (62.8) |
14.2 (57.6) |
9.8 (49.6) |
6.1 (43.0) |
4.1 (39.4) |
2.7 (36.9) |
3.9 (39.0) |
6.2 (43.2) |
9.5 (49.1) |
12.8 (55.0) |
15.6 (60.1) |
10.0 (50.0) |
| Record low °C (°F) | 5.0 (41.0) |
6.1 (43.0) |
2.8 (37.0) |
−2.0 (28.4) |
−3.3 (26.1) |
−5.6 (21.9) |
−5.6 (21.9) |
−4.5 (23.9) |
−4.4 (24.1) |
−1.1 (30.0) |
1.1 (34.0) |
2.8 (37.0) |
−5.6 (21.9) |
| Average rainfall mm (inches) | 49.9 (1.96) |
43.8 (1.72) |
42.7 (1.68) |
40.3 (1.59) |
44.5 (1.75) |
43.4 (1.71) |
42.4 (1.67) |
42.6 (1.68) |
42.3 (1.67) |
48.9 (1.93) |
40.3 (1.59) |
45.2 (1.78) |
526.3 (20.73) |
| Average rainy days (≥ 0.2mm) | 5.3 | 4.7 | 4.8 | 5.3 | 6.8 | 8.5 | 8.9 | 8.5 | 7.4 | 7.2 | 5.6 | 5.5 | 78.5 |
| Average relative humidity (%) | 35 | 38 | 41 | 46 | 55 | 64 | 63 | 57 | 48 | 43 | 36 | 35 | 47 |
| Source: Bureau of Meteorology[12] | |||||||||||||
Floods
Since 1887 Forbes has experienced a major flood event on average every seven years,[13] with major flooding occurring in June 1952 with a peak of 10.8 metres (35 ft); September 2016 with a peak of 10.67 metres (35.0 ft);[14] August 1990 with a peak of 10.65 metres (34.9 ft); October 1955 with a peak height of 10.62 metres (34.8 ft); March 2013 with a peak height of 10.55 metres (34.6 ft); and in August 1998 with a peak height of 10.35 metres (34.0 ft).[3]
Forbes' most recent major flood event was in late September 2016 after heavy rain fell on much of inland NSW; as the Bureau of Meteorology declared 2016 as the third wettest winter on record.[15] Unseasonal heavy rainfall in most of the state, centred on the catchment area of the upper Lachlan during autumn and winter 2016, resulted in Wyangala Dam water storage levels increasing from 38 percent to 90 percent.[16] By early August, the Bureau of Meteorology had issued flood warnings for the Orara, Macquarie, Bogan and Lachlan rivers.[17] In late August, Water NSW began releasing up to 10,000 megalitres (350×106 cu ft) per day from Wyangala Dam ahead of expected daily rainfall in the range of 20 to 40 millimetres (0.79 to 1.57 in) in the dam's catchment area.[18] Moderate to major flooding first hit Forbes and Condobolin in early September,[19] and by mid-September predictions were for widespread flooding across most of inland New South Wales.[20] By late September, flooding had peaked in Forbes at 10.67 metres (35.0 ft), with 1,000 people evacuated, as the Newell Highway was cut north and south of Forbes' central business district. Forbes was declared a natural disaster zone after flash flooding occurred, resulting in some residents being without homes.[14][21] Back up support was provided by the State Emergency Service and the Australian Defence Force.[22][23][24] As the Lachlan flowed into the Murrumbidgee River, major flooding occurred downriver during late October and early November at Hay, Darlington Point, Carrathool and Hillston.[25]
Notable residents
- Chris Anderson,[citation needed] who played for and coached the Australian rugby league team, attended Red Bend Catholic College in Forbes
- Phil Adams, former Olympian and Commonwealth Games (record) medal holder in sport shooting.
- Dave Cameron,[citation needed] an Australian Showjumping Champion 2014
- Paul Mitchell,[citation needed] a LGBT rights activist
- Carolyn Simpson,[26] a judge of the Supreme Court of New South Wales; Member of the first all-female bench to sit in an Australian court
- Carmel Tebbutt,[citation needed] a former Deputy Premier of New South Wales, was born and raised in Forbes
- Richard Dixon,[27] former national president of the Communist Party of Australia, was born in Forbes in 1905
- Sir Hugh Robert Denison,[28] tobacco manufacturer, newspaper proprietor and philanthropist, was born in Forbes in 1865
- Eve Langley,[29] New Zealand-famed novelist, was born in Forbes in 1904
References
- ^ a b Australian Bureau of Statistics (31 October 2012). "Forbes (State Suburb)". 2011 Census QuickStats. Retrieved 9 April 2015.
- ^ "Forbes". Geographical Names Register (GNR) of NSW. Geographical Names Board of New South Wales. Retrieved 20 September 2009.
- ^ a b Pearce, Melanie (23 September 2016). "Will history be repeated? Forbes faces major flooding predicted to be 'similar to 1990'". ABC News. Australia. Retrieved 4 November 2016.
- ^ a b "The Age, Travel: Forbes, 10 April 2008". Theage.com.au. Retrieved 25 August 2012.
- ^ a b c "Australian Heritage: Historic Towns Directory". Heritageaustralia.com.au. 27 July 2012. Retrieved 25 August 2012.
- ^ "Albion Hotel to be demolished". Abc.net.au. 12 February 2009. Retrieved 25 August 2012.
- ^ a b "Forbes". Australian Cemeteries. 20 September 1902. Retrieved 25 August 2012.
- ^ "Kate Kelly". Ned Kellys World. Retrieved 25 August 2012.
- ^ Banger,C. Passenger Rail Service Withdrawals By Line Section Since 1960. ARHS Bulletin, Vol 54, No 790. August 2003.
- ^ About Forbes. Forbes Council Website
- ^ Forbes College of TAFE TAFE NSW Website
- ^ "FORBES (CAMP STREET)". Climate statistics for Australian locations. Bureau of Meteorology. August 2013. Retrieved 4 August 2013.
- ^ "Flood management". Forbes Shire Council. Retrieved 6 October 2016.
- ^ a b "NSW weather: Forbes declared a natural disaster zone after flooding". ABC News. Australia. 27 September 2016. Retrieved 6 October 2016.
- ^ Woodburn, Joanna (2 September 2016). "Rain wipes out NSW crops in third wettest winter on record". ABC News. Australia. Retrieved 4 November 2016.
- ^ Houghton, Jack (26 September 2016). "Lachlan River threatens to rise". Daily Telegraph. Retrieved 4 November 2016.
- ^ "Four flood warnings in place across NSW". The Land. 5 August 2016. Retrieved 4 November 2016.
- ^ "Dam nearing capacity". Forbes Advocate. 30 August 2016. Retrieved 4 November 2016.
- ^ "Flooding Update for Tuesday 6th September 2016". State Emergency Serivce. 6 September 2016. Retrieved 4 November 2016.
- ^ Pearce, Melanie; Manson, Skye; Clift, Julie; Wong, Luke (13 September 2016). "NSW weather: More rain and flooding in central areas as saturated catchments can't dry out". ABC News. Australia. Retrieved 4 November 2016.
- ^ Coote, Gavin (4 October 2016). "NSW weather: Upgrades for roads promised after major flood damage at Forbes". ABC News. Australia. Retrieved 6 October 2016.
- ^ "NSW weather: Forbes declared a natural disaster zone after flooding". ABC News. Australia. 28 September 2016. Retrieved 4 November 2016.
- ^ Levy, Megan; Dumas, Megan (26 September 2016). "Floodwaters peak in Forbes, but more wet weather is on its way". The Sydney Morning Herald. Retrieved 4 November 2016.
- ^ Levy, Megan; Dumas, Megan; Mitchell, Georgina (27 September 2016). "Flood-hit NSW towns Forbes and Condobolin brace for more damage". The Sydney Morning Herald. AAP. Retrieved 4 November 2016.
- ^ "Flood coverage for Wagga and Riverina". The Daily Advertiser. Wagga Wagga. 31 October 2016. Retrieved 4 November 2016.
- ^ Pearce, Suzannah, ed. (17 November 2006). "SIMPSON Carolyn Chalmers, Hon. Justice". Who's Who in Australia Live!. North Melbourne, Vic: Crown Content Pty Ltd.
- ^ "Walker, Clifton Reginald (1905–1976)". Australian Dictionary of Biography.
- ^ "Denison, Sir Hugh Robert (1865–1940)".
- ^ "Langley, Eve (1904–1974)".
External links
Media related to Forbes, New South Wales at Wikimedia Commons