Fourth Era of Northern Domination

The fourth Chinese domination was a period of the history of Vietnam, from 1407 to 1427 during which the country was ruled by Ming Dynasty administrators. It was the result of the conquest of the region by invading Ming armies in 1406 to 1407.

Culture

Culturally, the Chinese imported many Chinese books and literature (such as the I Ching). Meanwhile, all classical Vietnamese books and materials relating to Vietnam were suppressed. Various ancient sites such as pagoda Bao Minh were looted and destroyed. The Ming Dynasty wanted to spread more of its Chinese culture in the area. Customarily, all Việt people were made to wear Chinese-style clothing.

Economy

The Chinese had greatly encouraged the development and the use of gold and silver mines. But right after the silver and gold were extracted they impounded them and sent a fraction of these minerals to Beijing. They also imposed salt taxes, but a slightly heavier tax against those who produced salt in Annam.

Military and administration

To keep the people under control in Vietnam, the Ming government issued, and utilized the "So Ho" system, (literally meaning Family Book) at the lowest village community level. Whenever there was a change in a family, a change in the book was recorded and approved. Based on this information, they created a systematic military service enrollment process for all young men deemed fit enough to serve in the future for the Chinese Imperial Army. This process was no different than what other governments did to subjugated areas, nonetheless, this had created a negative feeling against the Chinese government. In addition, many talented Vietnamese individuals with varying trades and backgrounds who could make significant contributions were allowed to become government officials in China where they served in the Chinese imperial government.

History

Revolt of Later Trần

With Ming dynasty growing weak with internal rebellions and mismanagement during late Ming dynasty, control of Giao Chỉ also weakened, there was several revolt among the Vietnamese people against the Ming authorities, only to be crushed by the Ming dynasty army. Among the people who led the rebellion were, Trần Ngỗi, a young son of the emperor Trần Nghệ Tông (1370–1372) and Trần Quý Khoáng, a nephew. These revolts were short-lived and poorly planned but they helped lay some of the groundwork for Lê Lợi's war for independence.

Lam Sơn uprising

Le Loi, one of Vietnam's most celebrated heroes, is credited with rescuing the country from Ming domination in 1428. Born of a wealthy landowning family, he served as a senior scholar-official until the advent of the Ming, whom he refused to serve. In 1427, Le Loi attacked a frontier town in China, which resulted in defeat with 10,000 Vietnamese causulties, including Le Mi (the chief eunuch of Le Loi), by the Ming troops.^[1] After a decade of gathering a resistance movement around him, Le Loi and his forces finally defeated the Ming army in 1428. Rather than putting to death the captured Ming soldiers and administrators, he magnanimously provided ships and supplies to send them back to China. Le Loi then ascended the Vietnamese throne, taking the reign name Le Thai To and establishing the Lê Dynasty (1428-1788).

References

^ Tsai, Shih-shan Henry (1996). The eunuchs in the Ming dynasty. SUNY Press. p. 15. ISBN 0-7914-2687-4. {{cite book}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |1= (help)