Freemasonry in South Africa
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Freemasonry was brought to South Africa by members of the Grand Orient of the Netherlands in 1772. Today there are lodges chartered under the United Grand Lodge of England, the Grand Lodge of Scotland, the Grand Lodge of Ireland, the Grand Lodge of South Africa, as well as Le Droit Humain
Early Colonial Period
[edit]On 24 April 1772, Abraham van der Weijden, Deputy Grandmaster Abroad under the Grand Orient of the Netherlands, arrived in the Cape of Good Hope.[1] He issued a warrant allowing for the founding of a lodge, "De Goede Hoop", ten days after arriving, which was ratified by the Grand Orient on 1 September 1772.[1][2] The founding members of Lodge de Goede Hoop were Abraham Chiron, Jacobus le Febre, Johann Gie, Pieter Soermans, Christoffel Brand, Jan van Schoor, Olof de Wet, and Petrus de Wit. [3][4]
While in 1774 the first two native-born candidates were initiated into freemasonry,[3] the lodge failed to gain a foothold among the local population, and was dependent on visitors, which led to the Lodge becoming dormant in 1781 until it was revived in 1794, when more local residents were attracted to the fraternity, such as J. A. Truter, who was Chief Justice.[1][5]
In 1795, the British occupied the Cape, bringing with them military Lodges, but no new lodges were established in Cape colony during this time.
British Rule
[edit]Another lodge was formed in 1800 by the Dutch called "De Goede Trouw" Lodge,[6] and in 1802 Jacob de Mist arrived from the Netherlands and was installed as the first Deputy Grand Master National in South Africa.
The Napoleonic Wars brought a second British invasion of South Africa. With the beginning of British rule over the region, Dutch lodges saw an increase in members of English origin. Tensions arose between the British masons and their Dutch speaking counterparts, leading the English masons to form their own lodge in the Cape under the Moderns' Grand Lodge of England in 1811, "British" Lodge.[2][7] The Antients established a rival lodge, "Cape of Good Hope", the following year in 1812.
The British and Dutch freemasons started to work together and became one.[8] The advocate CJ Brand (He was a grandson of one of the founders of freemasonry in South Africa), the first Mayor of Cape Town, M. van Breda and the Master of the Supreme Court, J.H. Hofmeyer,[9] were some of the prominent Grand Masters through the early years. C.C. Silberbauer[10] was Grand Master in the times when the organization in South Africa, had financial problems. T.N. Cranstoun-Day (from the British side) was adamant that lodge stayed pure English. Cranstown-Day could not speak Afrikaans.[11]
Grand Lodge of South Africa
[edit]It was formed independently from the Netherlands and the UK. Under Colonel C.G. Botha it was established on 22 April 1961. Botha was named Grand Master.[12] The motto of the Southern Africa Grand Lodge is: "Deo et Collegio". It is Latin for "God and Order"[13] In November 1977, the Lodge admitted non-white members for the first time, as the South African Freemasons, previously were exclusively a white organization.[14]
The International Order of Freemasonry for Men and Women Le Droit Humain South African Federation
[edit]Le Droit Humain first lodge in South Africa was founded in 1914 in Durban. South African Lodges were administered by the British Federation of the order until 1995 when the South Africa Federation was founded.[15]
Grand Masters
[edit]| Year term started | Year term ended | Surname | Name(s) | Date of birth | Date of death | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1804 | 1813 | de Mist | Jacobus Abraham Uitenhage | 20 April 1747 | 3 August 1823 | [3] |
| 1813 | 1831 | Neethling | Johannes Henoch | 1 August 1770 | 4 June 1838 | [3] |
| 1831 | 1837 | van Breda | Michiel | 12 August 1775 | 12 August 1847 | [3] |
| 1837 | 1874 | Brand | Christoffel Joseph | 24 June 1797 | 19 May 1875 | [3] |
| 1874 | 1893 | Hofmeyr | Jan Hendrik | 19 December 1818 | 25 April 1893 | [3] |
| 1893 | 1897 | Faure | David Pieter | 11 November 1842 | 17 August 1916 | [16] |
| 1897 | 1903 | Lewis | Charles Edwardes | 5 December 1855 | 13 January 1945 | [3] |
| 1903 | 1944 | Silberbauer | Conrad Christian | 23 September 1863 | 21 July 1944 | [17] |
| 1944 | 1957 | Rose | John George | 11 January 1876 | 18 February 1973 | [16] |
| 1957 | 1966 | Botha | Colin Graham | 15 August 1883 | 1 February 1973 | [18] |
| 1966 | 1973 | Conradie | Eddie | [18] | ||
| 1973 | 1983 | Gasson | Sydney Richard | 16 December 1927 | 20 March 2013 | [18] |
| 1983 | 1991 | Groenewald | Cornelius Botha | 24 June 1922 | 30 May 2009 | [18] |
| 1991 | 1997 | Bauser | Reunert Sidney | 25 December 1928 | 28 December 2017 | [18] |
| 1997 | 2003 | Lindeque | Barend Gerhardus | 5 November 1940 | 10 April 2015 | [18] |
| 2003 | 2008 | Bowen | John Thomas | 7 November 1935 | 26 November 2013 | [18] |
| 2008 | 2014 | Watson | Armiston | 26 November 1944 | 12 October 2014 | [18] |
| 2014 | 2017 | Edwards | Geoffrey Robert | 1945 | [19] | |
| 2017 | 2020 | Duncan | D.J. | [20] | ||
| 2020 | present | Smith | J | [20] |
Note: Until 1961 the Grand Masters were called Deputy Grand Masters, because it was either part of the Netherlands Lodge.[clarification needed] There was close cooperation with Thomas Nathaniel Cranstoun-Day from the British Freemasons during the years up to 1961.
Notable South African Freemasons
[edit]- P.J. Blignaut - Government Secretary of the Orange Free State[21]
- J.H. Brand - 4th State President of the Orange Free State[22]
- L. Botha - 1st Prime Minister of South Africa[23]
- T.F. Burgers - 4th President of the South African Republic[24]
- P.A. Cronje - South African General
- P.J. Joubert - South African General[25]
- J.C. Laas - Organizer of the Ossewabrandwag
- C.J. Langenhoven - South African poet[26]
- J.P. Marais - Founder and maker of Klipdrift Brandy[27]
- G.L.P. Moerdijk - Afrikaans architect, best known for the Voortrekker Monument[28]
- H.F. Oppenheimer - South African businessman[29]
- M.W. Pretorius - First president of the South African Republic[30]
- G.S. Preller - South African journalist[31]
- F.W. Reitz - 5th State President of the Orange Free State[32]
- T.J.deV. Roos - South African politician[33]
- W.P. Steenkamp - Clergyman that erected churches in Namakwaland[34]
- D.J.S. Theron - Boer Army military leader[35]
- J.H. de Villiers - First Chief Justice of the Union of South Africa[36]
- A.G. Visser - Afrikaans poet
References
[edit]- ^ a b c "In the beginning - Grand Lodge of South Africa". www.grandlodge.co.za. Archived from the original on 2014-10-07.
- ^ a b Mackey, Albert. Encyclopedia of Freemasonry and its Kindred Sciences. Jazzybee Verlag, 2013.
- ^ a b c d e f g h Cooper, A.A (January 1980). "The origins and growth of Freemasonry in South Africa, 1772 – 1876, page 16" (PDF). uct.ac.,za. University of Cape Town. Retrieved 6 September 2018.
- ^ "The first Settler at the cape Hans Conrad Guy (J.C. Gie), page 38" (PDF). Retrieved 7 September 2018.
- ^ "Freemasons in the family". Retrieved 22 September 2018.
- ^ "de Goede Trouw". Archived from the original on 25 September 2018. Retrieved 10 September 2018.
- ^ "The Founding Of The Sister Constitutions". Archived from the original on 25 September 2018. Retrieved 8 September 2018.
- ^ "South Africa. 149". Retrieved 25 September 2018.
- ^ "Jan Hendrik Hofmeyr- a much loved Brother" (PDF). Retrieved 30 August 2018.
- ^ "Book:Lodge de Goede Hoop: Brother Silberbauer's Oration - On the Nineteenth Century". 1899.
- ^ Dissertation presented for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy at the University of Stellenbosch,Title -The effects of political, economic and social events on the order of Freemasons in South Africa, with some reference to the movement for the formation of a united Grand Lodge 1772-1961, page324, Author - Cooper, A.A., Publisher - University of Stellenbosch, Date - 1983
- ^ "The Grand Lodge of Southern Africa is formed". Archived from the original on 7 October 2014. Retrieved 11 September 2018.
- ^ "Yearbook, page 3" (PDF). Retrieved 25 September 2018.
- ^ "Freemasons open ranks". Argus newspaper. 16 November 1977.
- ^ "South African Federation, Freemasonry for Men and Women".
- ^ a b "Deputy Grand masters". freemasonrysd.co.za. Archived from the original on 25 September 2018. Retrieved 15 September 2018.
- ^ "The Deputy Grand Masters of the Netherlands". Retrieved 7 September 2018.
- ^ a b c d e f g h "Past Grand Masters, page 27" (PDF). grandlodge.co.za. Retrieved 6 September 2018.
- ^ "Past Grand Masters, page 9" (PDF). Retrieved 7 September 2018.
- ^ a b "About the Grand Lodge of South Africa – The Grand Lodge of South Africa". Retrieved 2023-10-18.
- ^ Muller, H. P.N. ,Title(Dutch) -Oude tyden in den Oranje-Vrystaat. Naar Mnr. H.A.L. Hamelberg's nagelaten papieren beschreven (Translated:Past times in the Orange Free State. Documents left after Mr.H.A.L. Hamelberg death).
- ^ van der Merwe, J.J.P. (12 November 2013). "(Afrikaans) Vrymesselary voor die aanvang van die Suid Afrikaanse oorlog (translated: freemasonry before the start of the South African war)". Litnet. Retrieved 12 September 2018.
- ^ "Notable South African Freemasons" (PDF). Freemasons.org.za. Archived from the original (PDF) on 20 September 2018. Retrieved 13 September 2018.
- ^ Kleijn, A. "(Afrikaans)Voortrekkers, generaals en presidente was vrymesselaars (translated: Voortrekkers, presidents and generals were Freemasons)". Bronberger newspaper. Retrieved 14 September 2018.
- ^ "Prominent persons in history who were freemasons". Englishlodgeofs.co.za. Retrieved 16 September 2018.
- ^ Cooper, A. A. 1986. The Freemasons of South Africa. p178. Cape Town: Human & Rousseau
- ^ Venter, C. "(Afrikaans)Majoor JP Marais: Die Skepper van Klipdrift Brandewyn (Translated- The creator of Klipdrift Brandy)" (PDF). Retrieved 20 September 2018.
- ^ Swanepoel, F. "Verslag oor teenwoordigheid van okkultiese simbole in ons volksmonumente. Volksvergadering Majuba 5-7 Oktober 2012" (PDF). volksvergadering. Retrieved 6 October 2018.
- ^ "Freemasons remember their Harry Oppenheimer". IOL news. 23 August 2000. Retrieved 31 August 2018.
- ^ Tucker, M. (1 August 2016). "The (secret) story that started with Piet Retief". Zoutpanberger newspaper. Retrieved 17 September 2018.
- ^ Zaayman, V. "(Afrikaans) Vertel my van vrymesselary (Translated: tell me about freemasonry)". Retrieved 18 September 2018.
- ^ "GLSA: Annual Report & Yearbook 2011, page 60" (PDF). Retrieved 21 September 2018.
- ^ Heymans, H. "(Afrikaans) Vrymesselaars (translated: freemasons), page 69". Nonfqai. Retrieved 19 September 2018.
- ^ van wyk, J. (16 January 2009). "Gesinsafdeling: Nieuwoudtville". Landbouweekblad Magazine. Archived from the original on 7 October 2018. Retrieved 7 October 2018.
- ^ "(Afrikaans) Vrymesselary ten tye van die Suid afrikaanse oorlog (Translated: Freemasonry during the South African war)". Litnet. Retrieved 24 September 2018.
- ^ van der Westhuizen, J. (January 1980). "Our chief judges". De Rebus Magazine. Retrieved 21 September 2018.