Greater spot-nosed monkey

Greater spot-nosed monkey
Conservation status
	; Least Concern (IUCN 3.1)
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Chordata
Class:	Mammalia
Order:	Primates
Family:	Cercopithecidae
Genus:	Cercopithecus
Species:	C. nictitans
Binomial name
	Cercopithecus nictitans; (Linnaeus, 1766)
	Geographic range

The greater spot-nosed monkey or putty-nosed monkey (Cercopithecus nictitans) is one of the smallest Old World monkeys. It is a guenon of the C. mitis group, native to West Africa and living to some extent in rain forests, but more often in the transition zone between rain forest and savannah. It is primarily arboreal and often associates with monkeys of other species.^[3] Both their common names come from the monkeys' prominent white nose.

The greater spot-nosed monkey lives in groups consisting of one adult male, a number of adult females, and their dependent offspring.^[4] Little recent research has been conducted into its behaviour, and most has concentrated on its auditory communication. Males use three call types which have been described as 'booms', 'pyows', and 'hacks'. These are used in a number of contexts including as alarm calls.

As in some other species of monkeys, the acoustical structure of greater spot-nosed monkey alarm calls it has been argued to vary according to the kind of predator spotted.^[4] The monkey reportedly combines different sounds into a sequence, which has an entirely different meaning from the sounds out of which it is made.^[5] For instance, the sound "pyow" alone means another animal, like a leopard, is lurking nearby, and "hack" means a flying animal, like an eagle, is flying nearby, but when the two are combined, as in the sequence "pyow pyow hack hack hack hack", they have an entirely different meaning: Let's get out of here and move to another place.

References

^ Groves, C. P. (2005). Wilson, D. E.; Reeder, D. M. (eds.). Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3rd ed.). Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press. p. 157. ISBN 0-801-88221-4. OCLC 62265494.
^ Template:IUCN2008
^ Eckardt, W., and Zuberbühler, K. (2004). "Cooperation and competition in two forest monkeys". Behavioural Ecology. 15: 400–411. doi:10.1093/beheco/arh032.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
^ ^a ^b Arnold, K., & Zuberbühler, K. (2006). "The alarm-calling system of adult male putty-nosed monkeys, Cercopithecus nictitans martini". Animal Behaviour. 72: 643–653. doi:10.1016/j.anbehav.2005.11.017.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
^ Arnold, K., & Zuberbühler, K (2008). "Meaningful call combinations in a non-human primate". Current Biology. 18 (5): R202–R203. doi:10.1016/j.cub.2008.01.040. PMID 18334192.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)

External links

Mammal species of the World: Cercopithecus nictitans

[msw3-1] Groves, C. P. (2005). Wilson, D. E.; Reeder, D. M. (eds.). Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3rd ed.). Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press. p. 157. ISBN 0-801-88221-4. OCLC 62265494.

[iucn-2] Template:IUCN2008

[EZ-3] Eckardt, W., and Zuberbühler, K. (2004). "Cooperation and competition in two forest monkeys". Behavioural Ecology. 15: 400–411. doi:10.1093/beheco/arh032.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)

[AZ2006-4] Arnold, K., & Zuberbühler, K. (2006). "The alarm-calling system of adult male putty-nosed monkeys, Cercopithecus nictitans martini". Animal Behaviour. 72: 643–653. doi:10.1016/j.anbehav.2005.11.017.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)

[AZ2008-5] Arnold, K., & Zuberbühler, K (2008). "Meaningful call combinations in a non-human primate". Current Biology. 18 (5): R202–R203. doi:10.1016/j.cub.2008.01.040. PMID 18334192.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)

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