Gusev, Kaliningrad Oblast
Gusev
Гусев | |
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.png) Flag .png) Coat of arms | |
Location of Gusev  | |
  Gusev Location of Gusev  Gusev Gusev (Kaliningrad Oblast) | |
| Coordinates: 54°35′31.99″N 22°11′58.99″E / 54.5922194°N 22.1997194°E | |
| Country | Russia |
| Federal subject | Kaliningrad Oblast[1] |
| Administrative district | Gusevsky District[1] |
| Town of district significance | Gusev[1] |
| First mentioned | 1580 |
| Town status since | 1724 |
| Elevation | 45 m (148 ft) |
| Population | |
| • Total | 28,260 |
| • Capital of | Gusevsky District,[1] town of district significance of Gusev[1] |
| • Urban okrug | Gusevsky Urban Okrug[3] |
| • Capital of | Gusevsky Urban Okrug[3] |
| Postal code(s)[4] | 238051  |
Gusev (Russian: Гу́сев), previously known by its German name Gumbinnen (Lithuanian: Gumbinė; Polish: Gąbin), is a town and the administrative center of Gusevsky District of Kaliningrad Oblast, Russia, located at the confluence of the Pissa and Krasnaya Rivers, near the border with Poland and Lithuania, east of Chernyakhovsk. Population: 28,260 (2010 Russian census);[2] 28,467 (2002 Census);[5] 27,031 (1989 Soviet census).[6]
History
The settlement of Gumbinnen (from Lithuanian: Gumbinė: tuber) in the Duchy of Prussia was first mentioned in a 1580 deed.[citation needed] The settlement had been laid out at the behest of the Hohenzollern duke Albert of Prussia in 1545.
In 1709-1711, the area was devastated by the plague and had to be redeveloped under the rule of King Frederick William I of Prussia. He granted Gumbinnen town privileges in 1724[citation needed] and from 1732 resettled the area with Protestant expellees from the Archbishopric of Salzburg, who had been exiled by Prince-Archbishop Count Leopold Anton von Firmian. A first church of the Salzburg Protetants was erected in 1752 and rebuilt according to plans by Karl Friedrich Schinkel in 1840.
From 1815, the town was the capital of Regierungsbezirk Gumbinnen administrative district in the Province of East Prussia. Gumbinnen became a part of the German Empire during the unification of Germany in 1871. After the Prussian State railway line from Königsberg to Stallupönen (now Nesterov) was built through Gumbinnen in 1860, the town grew in economic importance. By the end of the 19th century, Gumbinnen had a foundry, a machine shop, a furniture factory, a clothing mill, two sawmills, several brickworks, and a dairy.
The Battle of Gumbinnen, a major battle on the Eastern Front of World War I, took place nearby in the opening days of the war in August 1914, and the town was occupied by the Russian Army for several months. After the war, a power plant, the Ostpreußenwerk, was built in Gumbinnen that served much of East Prussia.
After Adolf Hitler and the Nazis came to power, the German government designated Gumbinnen as a military sub-region of the Königsberg military area. Near the end of World War II, in 1944, the first of Gumbinnen's 24,000 residents began to flee from the advancing Red Army, which was drawing close. A Soviet air attack on October 16, 1944, caused heavy damage to the inner city. On October 22, 1944, the town was taken by Soviet forces. In the two days before the Wehrmacht liberated it, vengeful Red Army troops engaged in numerous atrocities against the civilian population. Although German forces managed in late October to stabilize the battle line east of Gumbinnen, the town was quickly re-conquered by the Red Army during the great Soviet offensive in 21 January 1945. The surviving German residents fled or were forcibly expelled.
Under border changes promulgated at the Potsdam Conference in 1945, northern East Prussia, including Gumbinnen, became a part of the Soviet Union and the town’s name was changed to Gusev, in honor of a Red Army captain, Sergei Ivanovich Gusev, who was killed in action near Gumbinnen in January 1945.[citation needed] Gusev posthumously was awarded the title Hero of the Soviet Union on April 19, 1945.
Administrative and municipal status
Within the framework of administrative divisions, Gusev serves as the administrative center of Gusevsky District.[1] As an administrative division, it is incorporated within Gusevsky District as the town of district significance of Gusev.[7]
Within the framework of municipal divisions, since June 10, 2013, the territories of the town of district significance of Gusev and of four rural okrugs of Gusevsky District are incorporated as Gusevsky Urban Okrug.[3] Before that, the town of district significance was incorporated within Gusevsky Municipal District as Gusevskoye Urban Settlement.[3]
Economy
Transportation
Gusev lies on the double-track, broad-gauge rail line connecting the Kaliningrad Oblast, since 1991 a Russian exclave, with the main territory of Russia, through Lithuania and Belarus.
The Yantar Special Economic Zone
In the 1990s in Kaliningrad Oblast was established The Yantar Special Economic Zone. Some of the zone's projects are located in Gusev, e.g. NPO CTS.
Notable people
- Christian Daniel Rauch (1777–1857), German sculptor
- Otto von Corvin (1812–1886), German writer
- Bruno Bieler (1888–1966), German general
- Gotthard Heinrici (1886–1971), German general
- Werner Dankwort (1895–1986), German diplomat
- Karin Krebs (born 1943), German athlete
- Konrad Grallert von Cebrów (1865–1942), divisional commander in the Austro-Hungarian Army
- Oleg Gazmanov (born 1951), Russian pop-singer, composer and poet
- Vladimir Vdovichenkov (born 1971), Russian actor
International relations
Twin towns and sister cities
Gusev is twinned with:
Pabianice, Poland- Gołdap, Poland
Kazlų Rūda, Lithuania[8]
References
Notes
- ^ a b c d e f g Law #463
- ^ a b Russian Federal State Statistics Service (2011). Всероссийская перепись населения 2010 года. Том 1 [2010 All-Russian Population Census, vol. 1]. Всероссийская перепись населения 2010 года [2010 All-Russia Population Census] (in Russian). Federal State Statistics Service.
- ^ a b c d Law #230
- ^ Почта России. Информационно-вычислительный центр ОАСУ РПО. (Russian Post). Поиск объектов почтовой связи (Postal Objects Search) (in Russian)
- ^ Federal State Statistics Service (May 21, 2004). Численность населения России, субъектов Российской Федерации в составе федеральных округов, районов, городских поселений, сельских населённых пунктов – районных центров и сельских населённых пунктов с населением 3 тысячи и более человек [Population of Russia, Its Federal Districts, Federal Subjects, Districts, Urban Localities, Rural Localities—Administrative Centers, and Rural Localities with Population of Over 3,000] (XLS). Всероссийская перепись населения 2002 года [All-Russia Population Census of 2002] (in Russian).
- ^ Всесоюзная перепись населения 1989 г. Численность наличного населения союзных и автономных республик, автономных областей и округов, краёв, областей, районов, городских поселений и сёл-райцентров [All Union Population Census of 1989: Present Population of Union and Autonomous Republics, Autonomous Oblasts and Okrugs, Krais, Oblasts, Districts, Urban Settlements, and Villages Serving as District Administrative Centers]. Всесоюзная перепись населения 1989 года [All-Union Population Census of 1989] (in Russian). Институт демографии Национального исследовательского университета: Высшая школа экономики [Institute of Demography at the National Research University: Higher School of Economics]. 1989 – via Demoscope Weekly.
- ^ Resolution #640
- ^ "Tarptautinis Bendradarbiavimas". Retrieved May 4, 2014.
Sources
- Калининградская областная Дума. Закон №463 от 27 мая 2010 г. «Об административно-территориальном устройстве Калининградской области», в ред. Закона №450 от 3 июля 2015 г. «О внесении изменений в Закон Калининградской области "Об административно-территориальном устройстве Калининградской области"». Вступил в силу со дня официального опубликования. Опубликован: "Калининградская правда" (вкладыш "Ведомости Правительства Калининградской области"), №112, 26 июня 2010 г. (Kaliningrad Oblast Duma. Law #463 of May 27, 2010 On the Administrative-Territorial Structure of Kaliningrad Oblast, as amended by the Law #450 of July 3, 2015 On Amending the Law of Kaliningrad Oblast "On the Administrative-Territorial Structure of Kaliningrad Oblast". Effective as of the day of the official publication.).
- Правительство Калининградской области. Постановление №640 от 30 августа 2011 г. «Об утверждении реестра объектов административно-территориального деления Калининградской области», в ред. Постановления №877 от 21 ноября 2011 г «О внесении изменения в Постановление Правительства Калининградской области от 30 августа 2011 г. №640». Вступил в силу со дня официального опубликования. Опубликован: "Калининградская правда" (вкладыш "Официально"), №170, 15 сентября 2011 г. (Government of Kaliningrad Oblast. Resolution #640 of August 30, 2011 On the Adoption of the Registry of the Objects of the Administrative-Territorial Divisions of Kaliningrad Oblast, as amended by the Resolution #877 of November 21, 2011 On Amending the Resolution of the Government of Kaliningrad Oblast #640 of August 30, 2011. Effective as of the day of the official publication.).
- Калининградская областная Дума. Закон №230 от 29 мая 2013 г. «О преобразовании Гусевского городского поселения, Калининского, Кубановского, Маяковского и Михайловского сельских поселений путём объединения поселений и наделении вновь образованного городского поселения статусом городского округа». Вступил в силу по истечении 10 дней со дня официального опубликования, за исключением статей 4, 5. Опубликован: "Калининградская правда", №92, 31 мая 2013 г.. (Kaliningrad Oblast Duma. Law #230 of May 29, 2013 On the Transformation of Gusevskoye Urban Settlement, Kalininskoye, Kubanovskoye, Mayakovskoye, and Mikhaylovskoye Rural Settlements by Merging the Settlements and Granting the Newly Formed Urban Settlement Urban Okrug Status. Effective as of the day which is 10 days after the day of the official publication, with the exception of Articles 4, 5.).
External links
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