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Henry Raspe

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Henry Raspe
Landgrave of Thuringia
Seal of Henry as king
Born1204
Died16 February 1247(1247-02-16) (aged 42–43)
Noble familyLudovingians
Spouse(s)Elisabeth of Brandenburg
Gertrude of Babenberg
Beatrice of Brabant
FatherHermann I, Landgrave of Thuringia
MotherSophia of Wittelsbach

Henry Raspe (German: Heinrich Raspe) (1204 – 16 February 1247) succeeded his nephew Hermann II as Landgrave of Thuringia in central Germany in 1241; he later was elected anti-king in 1246–1247 in opposition to Conrad IV of Germany.

Biography

In 1226, Henry's brother Louis IV, Landgrave of Thuringia, died en route to the Sixth Crusade,[1] and Henry became regent for his under-age nephew Hermann II, Landgrave of Thuringia. He managed to expel his nephew and the boy's young mother, St. Elisabeth of Hungary, from the line of succession and ca. 1231 formally succeeded his brother as landgrave.

In 1242 Henry, together with King Wenceslaus I of Bohemia, was selected by Emperor Frederick II to be administrator of Germany for Frederick's under-age son Conrad.

After the papal ban on Frederick imposed by Pope Innocent IV in 1245, Raspe changed sides, and on 22 May 1246 he was elected anti-king in opposition to Conrad.[2] The strong papal prodding that led to his election earned Raspe the derogatory moniker of "Pfaffenkönig" (priests' king).[3] Henry defeated Conrad in the Battle of Nidda in southern Hesse in August 1246, and laid siege to Ulm and Reutlingen.[4] Having suffered a mortal wound, he died February 1247 in Wartburg Castle near Eisenach in Thuringia.[4]

Marriages

In 1228, he married Elisabeth (1206-1231), the daughter of Albert II, Margrave of Brandenburg. After her death, he married Gertrude (c. 1210/1215 – 1241), the daughter of Leopold VI, Duke of Austria. After her death, he married Beatrix (1225-1288), the daughter of Henry II, Duke of Brabant.

All three of his marriages were childless.[5] After his death, the Emperor enfeoffed Thuringia to Henry III, the son of his sister Jutta.

References

  1. ^ The Crusade of Frederick II, Thomas C. Van Cleve, A History of the Crusades, Vol. II, ed. Robert Lee Wolff and Harry W. Hazard, (The University of Wisconsin Press, 1969), 446.
  2. ^ Eugene L. Cox, The Eagles of Savoy, ( Princeton University Press, 1974), 180.
  3. ^ William Stubbs, Germany in the Later Middle Ages, 1200-1500, (Longmans, Green and Co., 1908), 36.
  4. ^ a b Germany:Narrative (1125-1250), Julia Knodler, The Oxford Encyclopedia of Medieval Warfare and Military Technology, Vol. 1, (Oxford University Press, 2010), 184.
  5. ^ Ann Marie Rasmussen, Mothers and Daughters in Medieval German Literature, (Syracuse University Press, 1997), 63.

Bibliography

  • Knochenhauer, Theodor (1871). Geschichte Thüringens Zur Zeit Des Ersten Landgrafenhauses (1039-1247). Gotha.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
  • Galletti, Johann Georg A. Geschichte Thüringens.
  • Mägdefrau, Werner (2010). Thüringen im Mittelalter 1130-1310 Von den Ludowingern zu den Wettinern. Jena: Rockstuhl. ISBN 978-3-86777-152-8.
  • Warsitzka, Wilfried (2002). Die Thüringer Landgrafen. Dr. Bussert & Stadeler. ISBN 978-3932906220.

Ancestors


Henry Raspe
Born: 1204 Died: 16 February 1247
Preceded by Landgrave of Thuringia
1241–1247 		Succeeded by
Preceded by — DISPUTED —
King of the Romans
1246 – 1247
Disputed by Frederick II and Conrad IV 		Succeeded by
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