Iron(II) selenide
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| IUPAC name
Iron(II) selenide
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| Identifiers | |
3D model (JSmol)
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| ECHA InfoCard | 100.013.798 |
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PubChem CID
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CompTox Dashboard (EPA)
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| Properties | |
| FeSe | |
| Molar mass | 134.81 g/mol |
| Appearance | black crystals |
| Density | 4.72 g/cm3 |
| Melting point | 965 °C (1,769 °F; 1,238 K) |
| 0.975 g/100 mL | |
| Structure | |
| hexagonal / tetragonal | |
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
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Iron(II) selenide refers to a number of inorganic compounds of ferrous iron and selenide (Se2−). The phase diagram of the system Fe–Se[1] reveals the existence of several non-stoichiometric phases between ~49 at. % Se and ~53 at. % Fe, and temperatures up to ~450 °C. The low temperature stable phases are the tetragonal PbO-structure (P4/nmm) β-Fe1-xSe and α-Fe7Se8. The high temperature phase is the hexagonal, NiAs structure (P63/mmc) δ-Fe1-xSe. Iron (II) selenide occurs naturally as the NiAs-structure mineral achavalite.
More selenium rich iron selenide phases are the γ phases (γ and γˈ), assigned the Fe3Se4 stoichiometry, and FeSe2, which occurs as the marcasite-structure natural mineral feroselite, or the rare pyrite-structure mineral dzharkenite.
It is used in electrical semiconductors.
Superconductivity
β-FeSe is the simplest iron-based superconductor but with the diverse properties.[2] It starts to superconduct at 8 K at normal pressure[3] but its critical temperature (Tc) is dramatically increasing to 38 K under pressure[4] and by means of intercalation. The combination of both intercalation and pressure results in re-emerging superconductivity at 48 (see [2] and references therein).
In 2013 it was reported that a single atomic layer of FeSe epitaxially grown on SrTiO3 is superconductive with a then-record transition temperature for iron-based superconductors of 70K.[5] This discovery has attracted significant attention and in 2014 a superconducting transition temperature of over 100K was reported for this system.[6]
It has been suggested that alternating layers of FeSe and CoSe (cobalt selenide) might boost Tc even further due to proximity effects, cobalt has been used in other pnictogen compounds as a substitute for iron and found to work as well.
References
- ^ Okamoto, H. "The Fe–Se (Iron-Selenium) System." Journal of Phase Equilibria 12, no. 3 (1991): 383–389.
- ^ a b "Metamorphoses of electronic structure of FeSe-based superconductors (Review article)". Low. Temp. Phys. 42. 2016. arXiv:1608.07751.
{{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter|authors=ignored (help) - ^ "Superconductivity in the PbO-type structure α-FeSe". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA. 105 (38). 2008. arXiv:0807.2369. doi:10.1073/pnas.0807325105.
{{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter|authors=ignored (help) - ^ Medvedev, S.; McQueen, T. M.; Troyan, I. A.; Palasyuk, T.; Eremets, M. I.; Cava, R. J.; Naghavi, S.; Casper, F.; Ksenofontov, V.; Wortmann, G.; Felser, C. (2009). "Electronic and Magnetic Phase Diagram of β-Fe1.01Se with superconductivity at 36.7 K under pressure". Nature Materials. 8 (8): 630–633. arXiv:0903.2143. Bibcode:2009NatMa...8..630M. doi:10.1038/nmat2491. PMID 19525948.
- ^ "Enhanced superconductivity and evidence for novel pairing in single-layer FeSe on SrTiO3 thin film under large tensile strain". Physical Review Letters. 112 (10). 2013. arXiv:1310.3060. doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.112.107001.
{{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter|authors=ignored (help) - ^ "Superconductivity in single-layer films of FeSe with a transition temperature above 100 K". 2014. arXiv:1406.3435.
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