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Isopentane

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Isopentane
Isopentane
Isopentane
Names
IUPAC name
2-Methylbutane
Other names
Methylbutane
Identifiers
3D model (JSmol)
ChEBI
ChemSpider
ECHA InfoCard 100.001.039 Edit this at Wikidata
RTECS number
  • EK4430000
UNII
  • InChI=1S/C5H12/c1-4-5(2)3/h5H,4H2,1-3H3 checkY
    Key: QWTDNUCVQCZILF-UHFFFAOYSA-N checkY
  • InChI=1/C5H12/c1-4-5(2)3/h5H,4H2,1-3H3
    Key: QWTDNUCVQCZILF-UHFFFAOYAE
  • CC(C)CC
Properties
C5H12
Molar mass 72.15 g/mol
Appearance colorless liquid
Density 0.616 g/ml, liquid[1]
Melting point −159.9 °C (113.3 K)[1]
Boiling point 27.7 °C (300.9 K)[1]
Immiscible
Thermochemistry
260.7 J·K−1·mol−1
−179 kJ/mol
−3504 kJ/mol
Hazards
NFPA 704 (fire diamond)
NFPA 704 four-colored diamondHealth 1: Exposure would cause irritation but only minor residual injury. E.g. turpentineFlammability 4: Will rapidly or completely vaporize at normal atmospheric pressure and temperature, or is readily dispersed in air and will burn readily. Flash point below 23 °C (73 °F). E.g. propaneInstability (yellow): no hazard codeSpecial hazards (white): no code
1
4
Flash point <−51 °C
Explosive limits 1.4–7.6%
Related compounds
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
checkY verify (what is checkY☒N ?)

Isopentane, C5H12, also called methylbutane or 2-methylbutane, is a branched-chain alkane with five carbon atoms. Isopentane is an extremely volatile and extremely flammable liquid at room temperature and pressure. The normal boiling point is just a few degrees above room temperature and isopentane will readily boil and evaporate away on a warm day. Isopentane is commonly used in conjunction with liquid nitrogen to achieve a liquid bath temperature of -160 °C.

An isopentyl group is a subset of the generic pentyl group. It has the chemical structure -CH3CH2CH(CH3)2.

Nomenclature

Isopentane is the name recommended by the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC) in its 1993 Recommendations for the Nomenclature of Organic Chemistry.[2] It is one of only four acyclic hydrocarbons to retain its pre-IUPAC name. An isopentyl group is a subset of the generic pentyl group. It has the chemical structure -CH3CH2CH(CH3)2.

Isomers

Isopentane is one of three structural isomers with the molecular formula C5H12, the others being pentane (n-pentane) and dimethyl propane (neopentane).

Uses

Isopentane is one of the ingredients in both Aquafresh® and Sensodyne®.[3]

References

  1. ^ a b c James Wei (1999), Molecular Symmetry, Rotational Entropy, and Elevated Melting Points. Ind. Eng. Chem. Res., volume 38 issue 12, pp. 5019–5027 {{doi:10.1021/ie990588m}}
  2. ^ Panico, R.; & Powell, W. H. (Eds.) (1994). A Guide to IUPAC Nomenclature of Organic Compounds 1993. Oxford: Blackwell Science. ISBN 0-632-03488-2.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  3. ^ Aquafresh Website

External links

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