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Jack Hemingway

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Jack Hemingway
Hemingway with his parents in 1926
Born
John Hadley Nicanor Hemingway

(1923-10-10)October 10, 1923
Toronto, Ontario, Canada
DiedDecember 1, 2000(2000-12-01) (aged 77)
New York City, U.S.
Resting placeKetchum Cemetery
Ketchum, Idaho, U.S.
NationalityCanadian/American
CitizenshipUnited States
Education
Occupation(s)Angler, conservationist, writer
Known forOldest son of Ernest Hemingway
Spouse(s)
Byra Louise Whittlesey
​
​
(m. 1949; died 1988)​

Angela Holvey
​
​
(m. 1989; died 2000)​
Children3, including Margaux and Mariel Hemingway
Parent(s)Ernest Hemingway
Hadley Richardson Hemingway
RelativesPatrick Hemingway
(paternal half-brother)
Gregory Hemingway
(paternal half-brother)
Military career
Allegiance United States
Service / branch U.S. Army
Years of service1941–1945
Rank  Lieutenant
UnitMilitary police, OSS
Battles / warsWorld War II;
North Africa, occupied France; prisoner of war

John Hadley Nicanor "Jack" Hemingway (October 10, 1923 – December 1, 2000) was a Canadian-American fly fisherman, conservationist, and writer. He was the son of American novelist and Nobel Prize-laureate, Ernest Hemingway.

Early life

Jack Hemingway was born in Toronto, Ontario, Canada, the only child of American writer Ernest Hemingway and his first wife Hadley Richardson. He would later gain two half-brothers, Patrick and Gregory, from Hemingway's marriage to Pauline Pfeiffer.

Throughout his life, Jack was considered by many to bear a strong physical resemblance to his father,[1] but was more like his mother in temperament: "good-natured and even-tempered, and not particularly driven".[2] He was named for his mother, and for the Spanish matador Nicanor Villalta y Serrés, whom his father admired.[3] Gertrude Stein and Alice B. Toklas were his godparents.[4] Nicknamed "Bumby" as a toddler by his mother "because of his plump teddy-bear qualities",[5] he spent his early years in Paris and the Austrian Alps.[4][6]

College, military service, early post-war career

Hemingway attended the University of Montana and Dartmouth College, but never graduated, instead enlisting in the U.S. Army after the attack on Pearl Harbor in 1941.[6] Known for his sense of humor, in late 1943 at Camp Shanks near Orangeburg, New York, he overheard two older men (one of whom he recognized) in a bar arguing over who was the better writer, Ernest Hemingway or William Faulkner. Jack interrupted, and said in his opinion, there was "a writer that was a better storyteller than either Hemingway or Faulkner – Maurice Walsh". One of the men said, "I am Maurice Walsh," to which Hemingway responded, "I'm Jack Hemingway ... pleased to meet you."[2]

Assigned overseas to France in 1944, he started as a military police officer commanding a special unit of black soldiers, and later obtained a transfer into the Office of Strategic Services (OSS), the newly formed U.S. wartime intelligence agency that would evolve into the CIA after the war.[2] As a French-speaking First Lieutenant with the OSS, he worked with the French Resistance.[6] Characteristic of his sense of derring-do, he parachuted into occupied France with his fly rod, reel and flies,[2] and was almost captured by a German patrol while fishing after his first mission.[7] While on a leave in Algiers, he met with his father's third wife, Martha Gellhorn, whom Jack called his "favorite other mother", who was on her way to Italy to work as a war correspondent with the French Forces.[2]

In France in late October 1944, Hemingway was wounded and captured by the Germans[1] behind enemy lines in the Vosges,[8] and was held as a POW (prisoner-of-war) at Moosburg Prison Camp until April 1945.[9] While a POW, he lost 70 lbs., dropping from 210 lbs. to 140 lbs.[2] Upon his release, he was flown to Paris in time to join the mobs celebrating VE-Day on May 8th, 1945, in the Champs Elysees so beloved by his parents,[2] and he was awarded the Croix de Guerre by the government of France for his wartime service.[10]

After the war, he was stationed briefly in West Berlin and Freiburg im Breisgau in Germany, and at Fort Bragg, North Carolina,[10] before leaving the army. After his discharge, and back in civilian life, he worked as a stockbroker, and then as a fishing supplies salesman.[6] In 1967, he retired and returned to live in Ketchum, Idaho, his father's last home and burial place. There he taught languages, pursued his passion for fly fishing, and wrote two autobiographical books.[1]

Marriage and family

Hemingway married Byra L. "Puck" Whittlesey on June 25, 1949, in Paris. Their wedding was attended by Julia Child and Alice B. Toklas.[4] The couple had three children: Joan "Muffet" Hemingway[a] (born 1950), Margaux Hemingway (1954–1996), and Mariel Hemingway (born 1961).[9]

Puck died of cancer in 1988.[4] In 1989, Hemingway married Angela Holvey; they remained married until his death in 2000.[6]

Margaux died of a barbiturate overdose in 1996 at age 42, her death ruled self-inflicted, thereby becoming "the fifth person in four generations of her family to commit suicide".[12] In a 2013 television documentary film, Running from Crazy,[13] Mariel spoke of her family's struggles with alcoholism, mental illness, and suicide.[14][15] In early 2013 Mariel Hemingway, Jack's third daughter, claimed that Jack sexually abused her two older sisters.

Angler and conservationist

Throughout his life, Jack Hemingway was an avid fly fisherman.[4] He fished "most of North America's great trout streams", and several of the world's best salmon rivers, such as the Lærdalselvi River in Norway.[7]

A long-time resident of Idaho,[10] Hemingway lived in Ketchum. From 1971 to 1977 he was a commissioner on the Idaho Fish and Game Commission. Idaho's trout stocks increased as a result of Hemingway's success in getting the state to adopt a catch and release fishing law.[6] His work with The Nature Conservancy was instrumental in preserving Silver Creek near Sun Valley as one of Idaho's premier trout streams.[16]

Writer

Jack Hemingway assisted his father's fourth wife and widow, Mary Welsh Hemingway, with final editing before publication of A Moveable Feast (1964),[4] his father's memoir of life in 1920s Paris, which was published three years after Ernest Hemingway's death.

Jack Hemingway also published an autobiography, Misadventures of a Fly Fisherman: My Life With and Without Papa, in 1986. A second autobiographical work, A Life Worth Living: The Adventures of a Passionate Sportsman, was released posthumously in 2002.

Death and honors

Jack Hemingway died on December 1, 2000, at age 77, from complications following heart surgery, in New York City.[6] In 2001, the state of Idaho designated an annual "Jack Hemingway Conservation Day" in his honor.[17] He is buried in Idaho at the Ketchum Cemetery, next to his wife Puck, daughter Margaux, father Ernest, and half-brother Gregory.

Writings

  • Hemingway, Jack (1986). Misadventures of a Fly Fisherman: My Life With and Without Papa. Dallas: Taylor Pub. Co. ISBN 0-8783-3379-7
  • Hemingway, Jack (2002). A Life Worth Living: The Adventures of a Passionate Sportsman. Guilford, Conn.: Lyons Press. ISBN 1-58574-325-9

Notes

  1. ^ Joan Hemingway, born in Paris in 1950 (as Joan Whittlesey Hemingway) was educated at the Sorbonne, and is an actress and writer, known for her novel Rosebud (1974) co-written with Paul Bonnecarrère,[11] which was also adapted into a film by the same name, Rosebud (1975).

References

  1. ^ a b c "The Hemingway Children", booklatch at wordpress.com. Accessed December 28, 2015
  2. ^ a b c d e f g Baker, Allie - "Luck, Pluck, and Serendipity: Bumby’s Wartime Experience" (with Hadley audio), The Hemingway Project, February 13, 2014 Accessed December 28, 2015
  3. ^ Workman & (1983), p.28
  4. ^ a b c d e f Hemingway, Jack - A Life Worth Living: The Adventures of a Passionate Sportsman, Lyons Press, Guilford, Conn., 2002. ISBN 1-58574-325-9
  5. ^ Kert, Bernice – The Hemingway Women: Those Who Loved Him – the Wives and Others, W. W. Norton & Co., New York, 1983.
  6. ^ a b c d e f g Martin, Douglas (December 3, 2000). "Jack Hemingway Dies at 77; Embraced Father's Legacy". The New York Times. Retrieved February 15, 2013.
  7. ^ a b Hemingway, Jack - Misadventures of a Fly Fisherman: My Life With and Without Papa, Taylor Publ. Co., Dallas, 1986. ISBN 0-8783-3379-7
  8. ^ Mattingly, Robert E. (May 10, 1979). Herringbone Cloak--GI Dagger: Marines of the OSS Ch. IX, note 16. Marine Corps Command and Staff College. Accessed February 15, 2013.
  9. ^ a b Oliver (1999), p.145
  10. ^ a b c Homberger, Eric (December 4, 2000). "Obituary: Jack Hemingway". The Guardian. Accessed February 15, 2013.
  11. ^ Hemingway, Joan; Bonnecarrère, Paul (1974). Rosebud. New York: William Morrow & Co. ISBN 0-688-00253-6.
  12. ^ "Coroner Says Death of Actress Was Suicide". (August 21, 1996). The New York Times. Retrieved May 14, 2010.
  13. ^ Kopple, Barbara (Director) (January 7, 2013). Running from Crazy (Motion picture). United States: Oprah Winfrey Network.
  14. ^ Landau, Elizabeth (January 23, 2014). "Hemingway family mental illness explored in new film". CNN. Retrieved November 23, 2015.
  15. ^ Stuever, Hank (April 26, 2014). "OWN's 'Running From Crazy': When you hear those bells, they don't always toll for thee". The Washington Post. Retrieved November 23, 2015.
  16. ^ "Former Fish & Game Commissioner Jack Hemingway" Idaho Fish and Game press release, December 11, 2000. Retrieved February 18, 2013.
  17. ^ "Jack Hemingway Annual Conservation Day" Idaho Fish and Game press release, January 15, 2001. Accessed February 18, 2013.

Sources

  • Oliver, Charles M. (1999). Ernest Hemingway A to Z: The Essential Reference to the Life and Work. New York: Checkmark Publishing. ISBN 0-8160-3467-2
  • Workman, Brooke (1983). "Twenty-Nine Things I Know about Bumby Hemingway". The English Journal. 72 (2): 24–26. doi:10.2307/816722.
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