Japanese cruiser Haguro
 | This article has multiple issues. Please help improve it or discuss these issues on the talk page. (Learn how and when to remove these messages)
|
| |
| History | |
|---|---|
 Empire of Japan | |
| Name | Haguro |
| Namesake | Mount Haguro |
| Ordered | 1924 |
| Builder | Mitsubishi shipyard, Nagasaki |
| Laid down | 16 March 1925 |
| Launched | 24 March 1928 |
| Commissioned | 25 April 1929 |
| Stricken | 20 June 1945 |
| Fate | Sunk in the Strait of Malacca by gunfire and torpedoes from Royal Navy destroyers, 16 May 1945 |
| General characteristics | |
| Class and type | Template:Sclass- |
| Displacement | 13,300 long tons (13,500 t) |
| Length | 201.7 m (661 ft 9 in) |
| Beam | 20.73 m (68 ft 0 in) |
| Draft | 6.32 m (20 ft 9 in) |
| Installed power | 130,000 shp (97,000 kW) |
| Propulsion |
|
| Speed | 36 kn (41 mph; 67 km/h) |
| Range | 8,000 nmi (15,000 km) at 14 kn (16 mph; 26 km/h) |
| Complement | 773 |
| Armament |
|
| Armor | |
| Aircraft carried | 2 × floatplanes |
| Aviation facilities | 1 × catapult |
| Service record | |
| Part of: |
 Imperial Japanese Navy |
| Operations: |
|
Haguro (羽黒) was a Template:Sclass- heavy cruiser of the Imperial Japanese Navy, named after Mount Haguro in Yamagata Prefecture. Commissioned in 1929, Haguro saw significant service during World War II, participating in nine naval engagements. She was sunk in 1945 during a fight with Royal Navy destroyers, one of the last major Japanese warships to be sunk in open waters during World War II.
Design
Haguro was the third of the four-member Template:Sclass- of heavy cruiser; the other ships were Myōkō (妙高), Nachi (那智), and Ashigara (足柄). The ships of this class displaced 13,300 tons, were 201 metres (659 ft) long, and were capable of 36 knots (67 km/h; 41 mph). They carried two aircraft and their main armament was ten 203 mm (8 in) guns in five twin turrets. At the time they were built, this was the heaviest armament of any cruiser class in the world.
Construction and career
Haguro was laid down at the Mitsubishi shipyard in Nagasaki on 16 March 1925, launched and named on 24 March 1928, and was commissioned into the Imperial Navy on 25 April 1929. Her service in World War II started in the Dutch East Indies, where she engaged the enemy off Makassar on 8 February 1942.
Haguro played a key role in the Battle of the Java Sea on 27 February 1942, and was involved in the sinking of the cruisers HMS Exeter and the Dutch flagship HNLMS De Ruyter, the destroyer HNLMS Kortenaer and of the destroyer HMS Encounter in another action off south Borneo on 1 March 1942.
On 7 May 1942, she participated in the Battle of the Coral Sea, moving on to the Solomon Islands where she took part in the Battle of the Eastern Solomons on 24 August 1942, the evacuation from Guadalcanal at the end of January 1943. Haguro took light damage in the Battle of Empress Augusta Bay on 2 November 1943. On 19 June 1944, she survived the Battle of the Philippine Sea, and from 23–25 October 1944 she took light damage in the Battle of Leyte Gulf.
Battle of Malacca Strait and fate
In May 1945, Haguro was the target of the British "Operation Dukedom" and was ambushed. The 26th Destroyer Flotilla found her with the destroyer Kamikaze just after midnight on 16 May 1945, and began the attack. During the battle, Kamikaze was lightly damaged, but Haguro was hit by gunfire and three Mark IX torpedoes from the British destroyers. She soon began to slow down and took a 30-degrees list to port.
At 02:32, Haguro began to go down stern first in the Malacca Strait, 55 mi (48 nmi; 89 km) off Penang; Kamikaze rescued 320 survivors, but 900 men, including Vice Admiral Hashimoto and Rear Admiral Sugiura, perished with her.[2] Rear Admiral Sugiura was posthumously promoted to Vice Admiral on 16 May. Haguro was the last major Japanese warship to be sunk in battle during the war.[3]
Haguro was stricken from the navy list on 20 June 1945.
Shipwreck
On 4 March 2003, a group of divers operating off MV Empress discovered the wreck of Haguro in 67 meters of water in the Malacca Strait south of the Island of Penang.[4] The wreck sits upright, covered in places by discarded trawler nets with her hull opposite her forward turrets buried in the seabed to about her original waterline, but this level gradually reduces until at the stern her outer propellers and shafts are actually up above the seabed. Her foremast and the top half of the bridge structure are missing/collapsed. Her mainmast is collapsed. Her funnels are missing. British hits are visible in places. The bow section forward of No. 2 turret is decimated by torpedo hits. Haguro's No. 1 turret and barbette are completely uprooted and now lie against the hull, the rear of the turret on the starboard sea bed and the barrels pointing vertically towards the surface. Her No. 2 turret is trained to starboard at approximately the 1 o’clock position, with its roof collapsed and both barrels and breeches missing (i.e. they were not replaced after being damaged by a bomb at the earlier Battle of Leyte Gulf). Her No. 3 turret's guns are askew and trained to the port quarter, i.e. the 8 o’clock position. Both her stern main turrets’ guns point almost directly astern. Just behind the No. 5 turret, the wreck is broken completely in half, although the very stern section is still ‘partially’ attached and heavily damaged on the port side.[5][6]
In 2014 the wreck was reported to have been heavily destroyed by illegal salvors.
Commanding Officer
Chief Equipping Officer
| No. | Name | Portrait | Rank | Term of Office | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Start | End | ||||
| 1 | Hara Keitarō [7] | Captain | 1 October 1928 | 25 April 1929 | |
Captain
| No. | Name | Portrait | Rank | Term of Office | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Start | End | ||||
| 1 | Hara Keitarō[7] | Captain | 25 April 1929 | 30 November 1929 | |
| 2 | Uno Sekizō [7] | Captain | 30 November 1929 | 1 December 1930 | |
| 3 | Kobayashi Sōnosuke [7] | Captain | 1 December 1930 | 10 October 1931 | |
| 4 | Nomura Naokuni [7] | Captain | 10 October 1931 | 14 February 1933 | |
| 5 | Morimoto Jō [7] | Captain | 14 February 1933 | 15 November 1933 | |
| 6 | Yamaguchi Minoru [7] | Captain | 15 November 1933 | 15 November 1935 | |
| 7 | Samejima Tomoshige [7] | Captain | 15 November 1935 | 1 December 1936 | |
| 8 | Aoyagi Muneshige [7] | Captain | 1 December 1936 | 27 December 1939 | |
| 9 | Ogata Masaki [7] | Captain | 27 December 1939 | 15 October 1940 | |
| 10 | Hamada Kiyoshi [7] | Captain | 15 October 1940 | 25 July 1941 | |
| 11 | Mori Tomoichi [7] | Captain | 25 July 1941 | 20 October 1942 | |
| 12 | Uozumi Jisaku [7] | Captain | 20 October 1942 | 1 December 1943 | |
| 13 | Kaju Sugiura [7] | Captain | 1 December 1943 | 16 May 1945 (KIA) | |
Notes
- ^ Lacroix, Japanese Cruisers, p. 808-811.
- ^ Denlay, Kevin. "Summary of Expedition "Operation Dukedom" which carried Explorers Club Flag #52 while surveying the wreck of HIJMS Haguro, Malacca Strait November 8th-November 23rd 2010" (pdf). The Explorers Club.org. Retrieved 12 September 2015.
- ^ Jackson, Ashley (2006). The British Empire and the Second World War. London: Hambledon Continuum. p. 302. ISBN 1-85285-417-0.
- ^ PacificWrecks.com. "Pacific Wrecks". pacificwrecks.com. Retrieved 9 April 2018.
- ^ "Imperial Cruisers". www.combinedfleet.com. Retrieved 9 April 2018.
- ^ https://explorers.org/pdf/TEC_2010_Flag._REVISED_Report._Kevin_V._Denlay_Operation_Dukedome_Flag_52_Nov._2010.pdf
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n http://www.combinedfleet.com/haguro.htm
References
Books
- Winton, John (1979). Sink the Haguro!. Seeley, Service & Co. ISBN 0-330-28139-9.
- Cox, Robert Jon (2010). The Battle Off Samar: Taffy III at Leyte Gulf (5th Edition). Agogeebic Press, LLC. ISBN 0-9822390-4-1.
- D'Albas, Andrieu (1965). Death of a Navy: Japanese Naval Action in World War II. Devin-Adair Pub. ISBN 0-8159-5302-X.
- Dull, Paul S. (1978). A Battle History of the Imperial Japanese Navy, 1941-1945. Naval Institute Press. ISBN 0-87021-097-1.
- Lacroix, Eric; Linton Wells (1997). Japanese Cruisers of the Pacific War. Naval Institute Press. ISBN 0-87021-311-3.
External reference links
- Kosour, Ladislav (1999–2007). "Haguro". Warships of World War II. Archived from the original on 15 May 2007. Retrieved 22 February 2007.
{{cite web}}: Unknown parameter|deadurl=ignored (|url-status=suggested) (help) - Parshall, Jon; Bob Hackett; Sander Kingsepp; Allyn Nevitt. "Imperial Japanese Navy Page (Combinedfleet.com)". Retrieved 14 June 2006.
External links
