John C. Bowen
John Campbell Bowen | |
|---|---|
| City of Edmonton Alderman | |
| In office December 8, 1919 – December 12, 1921 Serving with Alderman elected in 1919 | |
| In office December 12, 1927 – December 10, 1928 Serving with Alderman elected in 1927 | |
| Member of the Legislative Assembly of Alberta | |
| In office July 18, 1921 – June 28, 1926 | |
| Preceded by | New District |
| Succeeded by | David Duggan Charles Gibbs John Lymburn Warren Prevey Charles Weaver |
| Constituency | Edmonton |
| Leader of the Alberta Liberal Party | |
| In office March 15, 1926 – June 28, 1926 | |
| Preceded by | Charles Mitchell |
| Succeeded by | Joseph Shaw |
| Alberta Official Opposition Leader | |
| In office March 15, 1926 – June 28, 1926 | |
| Preceded by | Charles Mitchell |
| Succeeded by | James Walker |
| 6th Lieutenant Governor of Alberta | |
| In office March 23, 1937 – February 1, 1950 | |
| Monarch | George VI |
| Governors General | The Lord Tweedsmuir The Earl of Athlone The Viscount Alexander of Tunis |
| Premier | William Aberhart Ernest Manning |
| Preceded by | Philip Primrose |
| Succeeded by | John J. Bowlen |
| Personal details | |
| Born | John Campbell Bowen October 3, 1872 Metcalfe, Ontario |
| Died | January 2, 1957 (aged 84) Edmonton, Alberta |
| Nationality | Canadian |
| Political party | Liberal |
| Spouse |
Edith Oliver (m. 1906) |
| Children | 2 |
| Residence(s) | Edmonton, Alberta |
| Alma mater | McMaster University |
| Occupation | Clergyman, Insurance broker, politician |
| Military service | |
| Allegiance | Canada |
| Branch/service | Canadian Expeditionary Force |
| Years of service | 1915–1918 |
| Rank | Captain |
| Unit | Chaplain |
| Battles/wars | World War I |
John Campbell Bowen (October 3, 1872 – January 2, 1957) was a clergyman, insurance broker and long serving politician. He served as an alderman in the City of Edmonton on the municipal level and then went on to serve as a member of the Legislative Assembly of Alberta from 1921 to 1926, sitting with the Liberal caucus in opposition. He also briefly led the provincial Liberal party in 1926.
Bowen was appointed as the sixth and longest-serving lieutenant governor of Alberta. He served that post from 1937 to 1950.
Early life
John Campbell Bowen was born in Metcalfe, Ontario, on October 3, 1872. He was the son of Peter Bowen and Margaret Poaps, and grew up in Ottawa.
He took his post secondary education at Brandon Baptist College where he earned a degree in theology and also at McMaster University. After university he moved west to Dauphin, Manitoba to become the pastor of the Baptist church in that town.[1] He married his wife Edith Oliver on October 25, 1906.[1]
Bowen moved to Edmonton, Alberta, with his family in 1912 to become pastor of Strathcona Baptist Church. He also got into the insurance business.[1]
Bowen joined the Canadian Expeditionary Force in World War I serving as a military chaplain. He gained an interest in politics running for municipal office in 1919.[1]
Political career
Municipal
Bowen ran for a seat to Edmonton City Council for the first time in the 1919 Edmonton municipal election. He won the fifth-place seat to earn his first two-year term on council as an Alderman.[2]
Bowen won election to the Alberta Legislature in 1921 and decided not to run again in the municipal election that year. Instead he would return to the municipal scene by running for office in the 1927 Edmonton municipal election. He won a seat under the Single Transferable Vote and held that for a year.[3]
Bowen decided to run for mayor in the 1928 Edmonton municipal election after only serving one year as Alderman. He was defeated by Ambrose Bury in a close two way race.[4]
Provincial
Bowen ran for a seat to the Alberta Legislature in the 1921 Alberta general election as a Liberal candidate in the electoral district of Edmonton. He won the second of five seats that was contested by 26 candidates.[5]
In 1926 Bowen briefly held leadership of the Alberta Liberal Party and also became Leader of the Official Opposition in Alberta. Bowen did not run for a second term and retired from the Assembly in 1926.
Bowen attempted a political comeback five years later. He ran for the Liberal nomination for a by-election held in the Edmonton electoral district on January 9, 1931. Bowen defeated Joseph Clarke for the right to stand as a Liberal candidate on December 19, 1930 at a convention attended by almost 200 delegates with a vote of 98 to 54.[6] He was defeated in the election finishing in third place in the field of four candidates losing to Conservative candidate Frederick Jamieson.[7]
Lieutenant governor
On March 23, 1937, following the sudden death in office of his predecessor, Philip Primrose, Bowen was appointed as the sixth lieutenant governor of the province of Alberta by Governor General Lord Tweedsmuir, on the advice of Prime Minister Mackenzie King.
A few weeks after taking office, Bowen became involved in a constitutional crisis when he refused to give royal assent to three government bills passed by the governing Social Credit party, which was accused of having fascist leanings. Two of the bills would have put the province's banks under the control of the provincial government, while a third, the Accurate News and Information Act, would have forced newspapers to hand over the names and addresses of their sources to the government, and to print government rebuttals to stories the provincial cabinet objected to.
Mindful of the federal government's disallowance of the Social Credit Board's earlier legislation, Bowen reserved royal assent of the act and its companions until their legality could be tested at the Supreme Court of Canada. This was the first use of the power of reservation in Alberta history,[8] and was heavily criticized by the government and by some members of the public, who appeared at the door of Government House, threatening the Governor and his family. All three bills were later declared unconstitutional by the Supreme Court of Canada and the Judicial Committee of the Privy Council. In 1938, Bowen even threatened to dismiss Aberhart's government, which would have been an extraordinary use of his reserve powers. The Social Credit government remained immensely popular with the Albertan people, however, so the threat was not carried out.
In the summer of 1938 Aberhart's government announced the elimination of Bowen's official residence, his government car, and his secretarial staff. Biographers attribute this action to retaliation by Aberhart.[8][9][10] For a time, Bowen defiantly remained in Government House, despite the power, heat, and telephone service being cut off by the government. Eventually, however, after being forced to sign an Order-in-Council closing Government House, Bowen moved to a suite at the Hotel Macdonald.[11][12] The building, the furniture, and fixtures were subsequently sold.
During World War II, Bowen spent a lot of his time promoting the sale of war bonds and otherwise helping the war effort.
Bowen served two terms as lieutenant-governor, resigning in 1950 due to ill health.
Late life
Bowen died on January 2, 1957, in Edmonton, and was buried in the Edmonton Cemetery.[1]
References
- ^ a b c d e "Biographies of Mayors and Councillors - B". Edmonton Public Library. Archived from the original on July 5, 2011. Retrieved July 3, 2010.
{{cite web}}: Unknown parameter|deadurl=ignored (|url-status=suggested) (help) - ^ "Election Results 1892–1944". City of Edmonton. p. 44. Archived from the original on September 4, 2013. Retrieved July 1, 2010.
{{cite web}}: Unknown parameter|deadurl=ignored (|url-status=suggested) (help) - ^ "Election Results 1892 - 1944". City of Edmonton. p. 59. Archived from the original on September 4, 2013. Retrieved July 1, 2010.
{{cite web}}: Unknown parameter|deadurl=ignored (|url-status=suggested) (help) - ^ "Election Results 1892–1944". City of Edmonton. p. 61. Archived from the original on September 4, 2013. Retrieved July 1, 2010.
{{cite web}}: Unknown parameter|deadurl=ignored (|url-status=suggested) (help) - ^ "Edmonton Official Results 1921 Alberta general election". Alberta Heritage Community Foundation. Retrieved March 21, 2010.
- ^ "Capt. Bowen Is Liberal Choice In Edmonton". The Lethbridge Herald. Vol. XXIV, no. 8. December 19, 1930. p. 1.
- ^ "By-elections 1905–1973". Elections Alberta. Archived from the original on June 7, 2009. Retrieved April 10, 2010.
{{cite web}}: Unknown parameter|deadurl=ignored (|url-status=suggested) (help) - ^ a b Elliott, David R.; Miller, Iris (1987). Bible Bill: A Biography of William Aberhart. Edmonton: Reidmore Books. pp. 273–278. ISBN 0-919091-44-X.
- ^ Brennan, Brian (2008). The Good Steward: The Ernest C. Manning Story. Calgary: Fifth House Ltd. p. 54. ISBN 978-1-897252-16-1.
- ^ McWhinney, Edward; The Governor General and the Prime Ministers; Ronsdale Press, Vancouver; 2005; pp. 38–39
- ^ Jackson, D. Michael (2013). The Crown and Canadian Federalism. Toronto: Dundurn. ISBN 145970990X.
- ^ "70 years after rift, family donates artifacts to Alberta". CBC News. 19 May 2010. Retrieved 9 October 2015.
