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Johnny Otis

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Johnny Otis
Background information
Birth nameIoannis Alexandres Veliotes
Born(1921-12-28)December 28, 1921
Vallejo, California, U.S.
DiedJanuary 17, 2012(2012-01-17) (aged 90)
Los Angeles, California
GenresRhythm and blues
Instruments
Years active1940s–2000s
Websitejohnnyotisworld.com

Johnny Otis (born Ioannis Alexandres Veliotes; December 28, 1921 – January 17, 2012) was an American singer, musician, composer, arranger, bandleader, talent scout, disc jockey, record producer, television show host, artist, author, journalist, minister, and impresario.[1] He was a seminal influence on American R&B and rock and roll. He discovered numerous artists early in their careers who went on to become highly successful in their own right, including Little Esther Phillips, Etta James, Big Mama Thornton, Johnny Ace, Jackie Wilson, Little Willie John, Hank Ballard, and The Robins (who eventually changed their name to The Coasters), among many others. Otis has become widely synonymous with being known as the original "King of Rock and Roll"[citation needed] and the "Godfather of Rhythm and Blues".[2]

Personal life

Otis was born in Vallejo, California, to Greek immigrant parents, Alexander J. Veliotes, a Mare Island longshoreman and grocery store owner, and his wife, the former Irene Kiskakes, a painter.[3] He had a younger sister, Dorothy, and a younger brother, Nicholas A. Veliotes, who became the U.S. Ambassador to Jordan (1978–1981) and Egypt (1984–1986). Johnny grew up in a predominantly black neighborhood in Berkeley, California, where his father owned a grocery store. He became known for his choice to live his professional and personal life as a member of the African-American community.[4][5][6] He wrote, "As a kid I decided that if our society dictated that one had to be black or white, I would be black."[7]

On May 2, 1941, when Otis was 19, he married Phyllis Walker, an 18-year old woman of African American and Filipino descent from Oakland, whom he had known since childhood. Despite deep and enduring objections from his mother, the young couple left California and eloped in Reno, Nevada, where interracial marriage was accepted at the time.[8] They had four children: Shuggie Otis and Nicholas Otis, both of whom became musicians, and two daughters, Janice and Laura.[9] Johnny and Phyllis also raised Lucky Otis, Shuggie's son with his first wife, Miss Mercy Fontenot of The GTOs.

Music career

Otis began playing drums as a teenager, having bought a set by forging his father's signature on a credit slip. Soon after, he dropped out of Berkeley High School, in his junior year. He joined a local band, the West Oakland House Rockers,[10] with his pianist friend "Count" Otis Matthews. By 1939, they were performing at many local functions, mostly in and around Oakland and Berkeley, and were popular among their peers.

In the early 1940s Otis played in swing orchestras, including Lloyd Hunter's Serenaders[11] and Harlan Leonard's Rockets.[12] He founded his own band in 1945; they had one of the most enduring hits of the big-band era, "Harlem Nocturne", a composition by Earle Hagen. His band included Wynonie Harris, Charles Brown, and Illinois Jacquet, among others. In 1947, he and Bardu Ali opened the Barrelhouse Club in the Watts district of Los Angeles. Otis reduced the size of his band and hired the singers Mel Walker, Little Esther (born Esther Mae Jones and later known as Esther Phillips) and the Robins (who later became the Coasters).[13] He discovered the teenaged Esther Jones when she won a talent show at the Barrelhouse Club. With this band, he toured extensively in the United States as the California Rhythm and Blues Caravan and had a string of rhythm-and-blues hits through 1950.

Otis discovered the tenor saxophonist Big Jay McNeely, who played on his up-tempo "Barrelhouse Stomp". He began recording Little Esther and Mel Walker for Savoy Records, based in Newark, New Jersey, in 1949,[12] and also released a stream of hit records, including "Double Crossing Blues", "Mistrustin' Blues" and "Cupid's Boogie", all of which reached number 1 on the Billboard R&B chart. In 1950, Billboard selected Otis as the R&B Artist of the Year.[14] He also began playing the vibraphone on many of his recordings.[12]

In 1951, Otis released "Mambo Boogie", featuring congas, maracas, claves, and mambo saxophone guajeos in a blues progression, the first R&B mambo ever recorded.[15] Otis moved to Mercury Records in 1951. He discovered the singer Etta James, who was then 13 years old, at one of his talent shows. He produced and co-wrote her first hit, "The Wallflower (Roll With Me, Henry)".

In 1952, while in Houston, Texas, Otis auditioned the singer Willie Mae "Big Mama" Thornton. He produced, co-wrote, and played drums on her 1953 recording of "Hound Dog" (the first recording of the song); he and his band also provided the backup "howling" vocals.[16] The song was co-written by Jerry Leiber and Mike Stoller. Otis had a legal dispute with the songwriting duo over the credits after he learned that Leiber and Stoller had revised the contractual agreement before the singer Elvis Presley recorded a new version of the song, which quickly became a number 1 hit. Claiming Leiber and Stoller illegally had the original contract nullified and rewrote a new one stating that the two boys (who were both 17) were the only composers of the song, Otis sued. The judge decided the case in favor of the defendants, ruling that the first contract with Otis was null and void because they were minors when they signed it.

One of Otis's most famous compositions is the ballad "Every Beat of My Heart", first recorded by the Royals in 1952 for Federal Records.[17][18]It was a hit for Gladys Knight and the Pips in 1961. Otis also produced and played the vibraphone on "Pledging My Love", by the singer Johnny Ace, which was number 1 on the Billboard R&B chart for 10 weeks. Another successful song for Otis was "So Fine", originally recorded by the Sheiks in 1955 for Federal and a hit for the Fiestas in 1959. As an artist and repertory man for King Records, Otis discovered numerous young prospects who later became successful, including Jackie Wilson, Hank Ballard, and Little Willie John.[12]

Otis hosted a television show, The Johnny Otis Show, and became an influential disc jockey in Los Angeles, with a program on radio station KFOX in Long Beach in 1955.[19]

In 1955, Otis started his own label, Ultra Records (he changed the name to Dig after releasing five singles). He continued to perform and appeared on TV shows in Los Angeles from 1957. On the strength of their success, he signed with Capitol Records. Featuring the singer Marie Adams and with his band, now known as the Johnny Otis Show, he made a comeback, at first in the British charts with "Ma! He's Making Eyes at Me" in 1957.[20] In April 1958, he recorded his best-known song, "Willie and the Hand Jive", a clave-based vamp. It was a hit in the summer of 1958, peaking at number 9 on the U.S. Pop chart, and was Otis's only Top 10 single. The single reached number 1 on the Billboard R&B chart. Otis's success with the song was somewhat short-lived, and he briefly moved to King Records in 1961, where he worked with Johnny "Guitar" Watson.[12]

In 1969, Otis landed a deal with Columbia Records and recorded the albums Cold Shot! and the sexually explicit Snatch and the Poontangs, both of which featured his son Shuggie and the singer Delmar "Mighty Mouth" Evans.[21] A year later, he recorded a double live album of his band's performance at the Monterey Jazz Festival, Johnny Otis Show Live at Monterey! with Little Esther Phillips, Eddie "Cleanhead" Vinson, Pee Wee Crayton, Ivory Joe Hunter, and The Mighty Flea, among others. A portion of the performance was featured in the Clint Eastwood film Play Misty for Me.

Otis toured less in the 1970s. He started the Blues Spectrum label and released a series of fifteen albums, Rhythm and Blues Oldies, which featured the 1950s R&B artists Louis Jordan, Roy Milton, Richard Berry, and Otis.

In the 1980s, Otis had a weekly radio show, airing Mondays from 8 to 11 p.m. on the Los Angeles radio station KPFK, on which he played records and received as guests R&B artists such as Screamin' Jay Hawkins.[22] Otis also recorded with his sons, Shuggie (guitar) and Nicky (drums), releasing the albums The New Johnny Otis Show (1982), Johnny Otis! Johnny Otis! (1984) and Otisology (1985).[12] In the summer of 1987, Otis hosted his own Red Beans & Rice R&B Music Festival in Los Angeles, which featured top-name acts and hosted a Southern-style red beans and rice cook-off. He moved the festival to the city of San Dimas, where it ran annually in association with the Los Angeles County Department of Parks and Recreation for twenty years, until 2006.[23]

Otis and his family moved from southern California to Sebastopol, California, a small apple-farming town in Sonoma County. He continued his weekly radio program from KPFK's sister station KPFA in Berkeley, California, which aired every Saturday from 9am to noon. Otis performed across the United States and Europe well through the 1990s, headlining the San Francisco Blues Festival in 1990 and 2000. In 1993, he opened the Johnny Otis Market[24][25][26][27] in Sebastopol, a grocery/deli/cabaret where Otis and his band (now joined by his grandsons Lucky on bass and Eric on rhythm guitar) played sold-out shows[28] every weekend until it closed its doors in 1995.[29][30][31] He was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame and the Blues Hall of Fame in 1994.[32]

Other work

In the 1960s, Otis entered journalism and politics. He lost an election for a seat in the California State Assembly. He then became deputy chief of staff[33] to state Assemblyman, later, Democratic Congressman, Mervyn M. Dymally.[34]

Otis also founded[35] and preached in the New Landmark Community Gospel Church, [36] which held Sunday services in Santa Rosa, California. Landmark's worship services centered on Otis's preaching and the traditional-style performances of a vocal group and choir backed by his rhythm section and an organist.[37] The church closed in mid-1998.[citation needed]

The Johnny Otis Show, relocated from KPFK to sister station KPFA in Berkeley, California, where it aired on Saturday mornings. After his market in Sebastopol opened in 1994, Otis broadcast from there, with his band playing live on the air, later broadcasting from the Powerhouse Brewing Co.[38] After Otis' retirement in late 2004, his grandson Lucky hosted the show at KPFA for two years, until its final airing in late 2006, when Otis and his wife moved back to Los Angeles.[39]

He taught Music 15-B: Jazz, Blues and Popular Music in American Culture, a 3-unit Peralta Community College District class.[40]

Otis died of natural causes on January 17, 2012, in the Altadena area of Los Angeles. He died three days before Etta James, whom he had discovered in the early 1950s.[1] He is interred with his wife at Mountain View Cemetery in Altadena, California, USA.[41]

Discography

Chart singles

Year Single Artists Chart Positions
US Pop[42] US
R&B[14] 		UK[43]
1948 "That's Your Last Boogie" Joe Swift with Johnny Otis & His Orchestra – 10 –
1950 "Double Crossing Blues" Johnny Otis Quintette, the Robins and Little Esther – 1 –
"Mistrustin' Blues" /
"Misery" 		Little Esther and Mel Walker with the Johnny Otis Orchestra
Little Esther with the Johnny Otis Orchestra 		-
- 		1
9 		-
-
"Cry Baby" The Johnny Otis Orchestra, Mel Walker and the Bluenotes – 6 –
"Cupid's Boogie" Little Esther and Mel Walker with the Johnny Otis Orchestra – 1 –
"Deceivin' Blues" Little Esther and Mel Walker with the Johnny Otis Orchestra – 4 –
"Dreamin' Blues" Mel Walker with the Johnny Otis Orchestra – 8 –
"Wedding Boogie" /
"Far Away Blues (Xmas Blues)" 		Johnny Otis' Congregation: Little Esther, Mel Walker, Lee Graves
The Johnny Otis Orchestra with Little Esther and Mel Walker 		-
- 		6
6 		-
-
"Rockin' Blues" The Johnny Otis Orchestra with Mel Walker – 2 –
1951 "Gee Baby" /
"Mambo Boogie" 		The Johnny Otis Orchestra -
- 		2
4 		-
-
"All Nite Long" The Johnny Otis Orchestra – 6 –
1952 "Sunset To Dawn" Mel Walker with the Johnny Otis Orchestra – 10 –
"Call Operator 210" Johnny Otis and His Orchestra featuring Mel Walker – 4 –
1957 "Ma He's Making Eyes at Me" Johnny Otis and His Orchestra with Marie Adams and the Three Tons of Joy – – 2
1958 "Bye Bye Baby" The Johnny Otis Show, with vocals by Marie Adams and Johnny Otis – – 20
"Willie and the Hand Jive" The Johnny Otis Show 9 1 –
"Crazy Country Hop" The Johnny Otis Show 87 – –
1959 "Castin' My Spell"
 The Johnny Otis Show 52 – –
1960 "Mumblin' Mosie"
 The Johnny Otis Show 80 – –
1969 "Country Girl" The Johnny Otis Show – 29 –

References

  1. ^ a b Lewis, Randy (January 19, 2012). "Johnny Otis Obituary: R&B Singer, Drummer, Bandleader Dies at 90". latimes.com. Retrieved January 19, 2012.
  2. ^ "Johnny Otis". History-of-rock.com. Retrieved July 1, 2008.
  3. ^ "Fifteenth Census of the United States (1930), Berkeley (Health District 2), Alameda County, California, Enumeration District 1–280, p. 16A, lines 1–6, household of Alex J. Veliotes". The Generations Network. April 10, 1930. Retrieved November 23, 2009.
  4. ^ Dahl, Bill. "Johnny Otis". AllMusic. Rovi Corporation.
  5. ^ "Johnny Otis". Soulbot. June 15, 2014. Retrieved October 6, 2015.
  6. ^ Powers, Ann (March 27, 2007). "Will the Real Stone Rise Up?". Los Angeles Times.
  7. ^ Otis, Johnny (1968). Listen to the Lambs. University of Minnesota Press. p. xiii. ISBN 978-0-8166-6531-0.
  8. ^ "'Black by Persuasion'". Popmatters.com. Retrieved October 5, 2015.
  9. ^ "Johnny Otis, 'Godfather of Rhythm and Blues,' Dies at 90". New York Times. Retrieved October 5, 2015.
  10. ^ "Johnny Otis: Black by Persuasion - JazzTimes".
  11. ^ Perry, J. J. (1998). "Johnny Otis: Pioneering Rhythm and Blues Legend". Herald-Times (Bloomington, Indiana), October 23, 1998. Retrieved April 7, 2007.
  12. ^ a b c d e f Bill Dahl, Biography of Johnny Otis at Allmusic.com. Accessed January 19, 2012.
  13. ^ Dahl, Bill. "Johnny Otis – Music Biography, Credits and Discography". AllMusic. Retrieved November 14, 2012.
  14. ^ a b Whitburn, Joel (1996). Top R&B/Hip-Hop Singles: 1942–1995. Record Research. p. 336.
  15. ^ Boggs, Vernon (1993). "Johnny Otis R&B/Mambo Pioneer". Latin Beat Magazine, vol. 3, no. 9 (Nov.), pp. 30–31.
  16. ^ Spörke, Michael. "Big Mama Thornton: The Life and Music". Mcfarlandbooks.com. Retrieved October 7, 2015.
  17. ^ "Ask 'Mr. Music' Jerry Osborne: For the Week of March 26, 2007". Mr. Music. Retrieved 2011-10-10.
  18. ^ "Hank Ballard". Soulful Kinda Music. Retrieved 2011-10-10.
  19. ^ Shaw, Arnold (1978). Honkers and Shouters: The Golden Years of Rhythm and Blues. New York: Macmillan. p. 160. ISBN 9780026100007.
  20. ^ J. C. Marion, My Search Is Over – Marie Adams, 2002. Accessed January 19, 2012
  21. ^ Unterberger, Richie. "Snatch and the Poontangs – Songs, Reviews, Credits". AllMusic. Retrieved October 6, 2015.
  22. ^ Kiersh, Ed (August 1985). "Ike's Story". Spin. 1 (4): 36–43. Retrieved October 5, 2011.
  23. ^ RANSOM, FRANKI V. (August 23, 1992). "Familiar Face at Johnny Otis Festival" – via LA Times.
  24. ^ Lipsitz, George (January 12, 2018). "Midnight at the Barrelhouse: The Johnny Otis Story". U of Minnesota Press – via Google Books.
  25. ^ "Sonoma County musicians mourn Johnny Otis". January 19, 2012.
  26. ^ Writer, Rollie Atkinson Staff. "Johnny Otis memories shared around Sonoma County".
  27. ^ "All Kindred and Food Products (Products) companies in Sebastopol, Sonoma (CA)". sonoma-ca.4bizen.com.
  28. ^ news@sonomawest.com, Rollie Atkinson Sonoma West Staff Writer. "R&B pioneer Johnny Otis dies at age 90: Longtime Sebastopol resident known as 'renaissance man'".
  29. ^ "Best Local Culture".
  30. ^ "MetroActive Features - Best of Sonoma County - Best Local Culture". www.metroactive.com.
  31. ^ Atkinson, Rollie. "R&B pioneer, former Sebastopol resident Johnny Otis dies at 90".
  32. ^ "Johnny Otis: Inducted in 1994". The Rock and Roll Hall of Fame and Museum. Retrieved 2011-10-10.
  33. ^ "News 101: When a story is 'news'". May 7, 2013.
  34. ^ Otis, Johnny (1993). Upside Your Head!. Wesleyan University Press. p. xxviii. ISBN 0-8195-6287-4.
  35. ^ Lewis, Randy (January 19, 2012). "Influential R & B singer, musician" – via LA Times.
  36. ^ "Upside Your Head!".
  37. ^ Otis, Johnny (November 19, 1993). "Upside Your Head!: Rhythm and Blues on Central Avenue". Wesleyan University Press – via Google Books.
  38. ^ Raskin, Jonah. "Johnny Otis, 1921-2012". North Bay Bohemian.
  39. ^ "A Salute to Johnny Otis". January 20, 2012.
  40. ^ "Meeting Johnny Otis".
  41. ^ "Remembering Bandleader And Producer Johnny Otis".
  42. ^ Whitburn, Joel (2003). Top Pop Singles 1955–2002. Menomonee Falls, Wisconsin: Record Research Inc. p. 529. ISBN 0-89820-155-1.
  43. ^ Betts, Graham (2004). Complete UK Hit Singles 1952–2004. London: Collins. p. 577. ISBN 0-00-717931-6.
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