Julian II the Roman
Julian III | |
|---|---|
| Syriac Orthodox Patriarch of Antioch and All the East | |
| Church | Syriac Orthodox Church |
| Installed | 688 |
| Term ended | 708 |
| Predecessor | Athanasius II Baldoyo |
| Successor | Elias I |
| Personal details | |
| Died | 708 |
Julian III,[note 1] also known as Julian the Roman and Julian the Soldier, was the Patriarch of Antioch, and head of the Syriac Orthodox Church, from 688 until his death in 708.[1]
Biography
In his youth, Julian and his father served together in the Roman army,[2] and he later became a monk at the Monastery of Qinnasrin.[3] Julian was consecrated Patriarch of Antioch in 688, but quickly came into conflict with Jacob, Archbishop of Edessa, who strictly observed canon laws,[3] and expelled clergymen who disobeyed him.[4] Julian advised Jacob to treat the clergy less severely, however, Jacob responded by travelling to the Monastery of Qinnasrin, Julian's residence, where he set fire to a copy of the canon laws, criticised the patriarch for his laxity, and abdicated as Archbishop of Edessa.[3]
During the Second Fitna, Denha, Archbishop of Tagrit, John, Bishop of Karma, and Joseph, Bishop of the Taghlib, conspired to perform episcopal ordinations without the permission of the patriarch.[5] Subsequently, Julian confronted Denha at the Monastery of St. Matthew,[6] and deposed Denha and Joseph with the support of the Caliph and replaced them with his own candidates.[7]
In 706/707, Julian and Simon, Bishop of Harran, consecrated the Church of St. Theodore in Nisibis.[8] It has been argued the consecration of a new church in Nisibis, a predominantly Nestorian city, symbolised the primacy of the Patriarch of Antioch over the east.[9] Julian continued in the office of Patriarch of Antioch until his death in 708.[1]
Notes
- ^ Julian III is also counted as Julian II as the second patriarch of the Syriac Orthodox Church by that name, however, the Syriac Orthodox Church, which claims descent from the Church of Antioch, considers Julian II to be the second by that name.
References
Bibliography
- Barsoum, Ignatius Aphrem (2003). The Scattered Pearls: A History of Syriac Literature and Sciences, trans. Matti Moosa, 2nd rev. ed. Gorgias Press.
- Haar Romeny, Bas Ter (2008). Jacob of Edessa and the Syriac Culture of His Day. BRILL.
- Morony, Michael. "History and Identity in the Syrian Churches". Redefining Christian Identity: Cultural Interaction in the Middle East Since the Rise of Islam. Peeters Publishers.
- Palmer, Andrew (1990). Monk and Mason on the Tigris Frontier: The Early History of Tur `Abdin. Cambridge University Press.
- Wood, Philip (2012). History and Identity in the Late Antique Near East. Oxford University Press.
- Wright, William (1894). A Short History of Syriac Literature. A. and C. Black Publishers.
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