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Justin Hayward

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Justin Hayward
Justin Hayward in 2007
Justin Hayward in 2007
Background information
Birth nameJustin Hayward[1]
Born (1946-10-14) 14 October 1946 (age 78)
Swindon, Wiltshire
England, United Kingdom
Genres
Occupation(s)Musician, songwriter
Instruments
  • Guitar
  • vocals
Years active1964–present
LabelsPye Records
Parlophone
Threshold Records
Deram Records
Polydor
CMC International
Trax Records
Towerbell Records
Armou Records
Websitejustinhayward.com

Justin David Hayward[2] (born 14 October 1946)[3] is an English musician, best known as songwriter, lead singer and guitarist in the rock band the Moody Blues.

Early life and early career

Hayward was born in Dean Street, Swindon, Wiltshire, England, and educated at Shrivenham School in Berkshire, and The Commonweal School in Swindon.[4] He was playing in several bands as early as age 15 when he bought his Gibson 335, a guitar that appears on nearly all of his records throughout his career,[5] and a Vox AC30 amplifier.[6] All previous guitars were "unsatisfactory" and required modification.[7] He performed with local Swindon groups in clubs and dance halls playing mostly Buddy Holly songs. One of Hayward's early groups was All Things Bright,[8] which opened for The Hollies and Brian Poole and the Tremeloes. At age 17, he signed an eight-year publishing contract[9] as a songwriter with the skiffle artist and record producer Lonnie Donegan, a move Hayward later regretted as it meant the rights to all his songs written before 1974 would always be owned by Donegan's Tyler Music.[10] In 1965 he answered an advertisement in Melody Maker[11] and auditioned as guitarist for Marty Wilde and he went on to work with Wilde and his wife in The Wilde Three.[12]

The Moody Blues

In 1966, after answering another ad in Melody Maker, this time placed by Eric Burdon of The Animals, Hayward was contacted by Mike Pinder of The Moody Blues after Burdon had passed on Hayward's letter and demo discs to Pinder. Within a few days Hayward had replaced departing Moody Blues vocalist and guitarist Denny Laine. Bassist John Lodge replaced temporary deputy Rod Clarke who had stood in for departed bassist Clint Warwick at the same time.

After beginning by singing the old blues-inspired repertoire of The Moodies' 1964–1965 era, Hayward's initial artistic contribution to The Moody Blues was his song "Fly Me High", which was a Decca single early in 1967. It failed to chart but gave the revised band a new direction forward from the R&B sound they had been largely producing up to that point.

Hayward's driving rocker "Leave This Man Alone" was then used as the B-side of the next Moodies single on Decca, backing Pinder's "Love And Beauty" (1967) the first Moodies record to feature the Mellotron.

Hayward's and Lodge's integration into the Moody Blues along with Pinder's use of the Mellotron sparked greater commercial success and recognition for the band, transforming them into one of pop music's biggest-selling acts. Hayward said of Pinder: "Mike and the Mellotron made my songs work."[citation needed]

The 1967 album Days of Future Passed, one of the first and most influential symphonic rock albums, gave rise to the Hayward-penned singles "Tuesday Afternoon" and "Nights in White Satin". The latter record went on to sell over two million copies, charting three times in the UK (1967, 1972, and in 1979) and has been recorded by many other recording artists. Hayward's B-side song "Cities" was an early ecology themed item.

Hayward became the group's principal lead guitarist/vocalist over the 1967–1974 period, and the most prolific songwriter and composer of several big hit singles for the band. During this time he wrote memorable album tracks including: "Tuesday Afternoon" (originally the first half, with Lodge's (Evening) Time to Get Away, of "'Forever Afternoon (Tuesday?)"), "The Actor", "Lovely to See You", "Never Comes the Day", I Never Thought I'd Live to Be a Hundred, "Gypsy (Of a Strange and Distant Time)", "It's Up to You", "Dawning is the Day", "The Story in Your Eyes" (a US chart hit), "You Can Never Go Home", "New Horizons", "The Land of Make-Believe" and "Island".

Hayward wrote the band's UK No. 2 hit "Question" as well as "Voices in the Sky", "Driftwood", "The Voice", "Blue World", "Your Wildest Dreams", "I Know You're Out There Somewhere", "English Sunset" and "December Snow"; in all, writing 20 of the group's 27 post-1967 singles.

In addition to delivering the lead vocals on his own compositions, Hayward took a featured lead or co-lead vocal on other band members' songs including "Dawn is a Feeling" (Pinder), "Gimmie A Little Somethin'", "Isn't Life Strange", "Candle of Life" (Lodge), "After You Came", "I'll Be Level With You", "The Spirit" and "Nothing Changes" (Edge).

The Moodies' attempts to come up with another hit single during 1967–68 saw them record three other Hayward compositions; "Long Summer Days", "King and Queen" and "What Am I Doing Here?" all of which were then left unissued, but together with unissued songs by Pinder and Lodge later formed the 'studio side four' of Decca's 1977 release; Caught Live Plus Five which largely comprised a December 1969 Live Recording of a concert at the Royal Albert Hall (issued against the group's wishes).

Hayward also co-wrote album tracks with Ray Thomas – "Visions of Paradise", "Are You Sitting Comfortably", "Watching and Waiting", and much later "Never Blame the Rainbows for the Rain", plus later co-wrote many songs with John Lodge for The Moodies, notably "Gemini Dream" (a US Chart hit), "Meet Me Halfway", "Talkin' Talkin'", "Want to Be With You", "Once is Enough", "Strange Times", "Sooner or Later (Walkin' on Air)" among others.

Hayward's songs have opened each of The Moodies albums in their 'post Mike Pinder era' since Long Distance Voyager in 1981, and his songs, both solo compositions and co-written with Lodge, plus his lead vocals, harmony voice, and guitar playing have been a major over-riding factor in the band's work and continued success since 1981.

Their album sales from 1978 to the present are more than 60 million. This is the regularly quoted total of their album sales, since the total sales of their albums before 1978 is disputed due to lack of official record company data,[13] However the period 1967 to 1974 was when their albums (and singles) were charting highest in the UK and US plus worldwide (album track "Melancholy Man" made number one in France as a single in 1970) - Days of Future Passed topped the US album charts on re-issue in 1972, then was followed into the album charts by the new studio album Seventh Sojourn.

Hiatus and Blue Jays / Solo work

In 1974, the Moody Blues decided to take what ended up being a four-year break from performing and recording. Hayward continued working with Lodge and producer Tony Clarke, using musicians from the Moody Blues' label, Threshold, and sounding very much like the mother group. Together, they had a hit in 1975 with "Blue Guitar" (a Hayward recording with the band 10cc), and released an album titled Blue Jays.

In 1977 Hayward recorded his first solo album Songwriter. He enjoyed international solo success in 1978 when he appeared on Jeff Wayne's Musical Version of The War of the Worlds concept album, which yielded his hits "Forever Autumn" and "The Eve of the War". Wayne later contributed to Hayward's 1980 album Night Flight.

Hayward issued a rare non-album single "Marie" c/w "Heart of Steel' (Decca F13834) in April 1979, both sides composed by him, the 'A' side dedicated to his wife. These tracks were later included among the bonus tracks on a CD re-issue of his Songwriter solo album in 2004.

During the 1980s, Hayward composed and performed for film and television, including the theme song "It Won't Be Easy" for the 1987 BBC2 science fiction series Star Cops, "Something Evil, Something Dangerous" for the film Howling IV: The Original Nightmare, "Eternal Woman" for the film She and music for the animated television series The Shoe People.

In 1989, with producer-arranger Mike Batt, Hayward released Classic Blue, an album of pop standards written by other composers, set to orchestration arranged by Batt. Classic Blue included a cover version of Led Zeppelin's hit "Stairway to Heaven." Hayward's solo album, The View from the Hill, was released in 1996, and a live recording, Live in San Juan Capistrano, followed in 1998.

On 10 March 1997 Hayward was featured on the BBC One's programme This Is Your Life, with Michael Aspel.

Hayward contributed vocals to a song on Rick Wakeman's 1999 album Return to the Centre of the Earth.

In June 2003, he gave several performances at the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame.[14] Later that year he sang along with other rock singers on another orchestral album, consisting of Moody Blues songs with the Frankfurt Rock Orchestra, titled Justin Hayward and Friends Perform the Hits of the Moody Blues (alternatively called Justin Hayward and Friends Sing the Moody Blues Classic Hits). Hayward was later involved in a legal dispute since resolved, arguing he was not paid for his participation on the album.

In April 2006, Hayward took part in the stage tour of Jeff Wayne's Musical Version of The War of the Worlds, reprising his role in Autumn 2007 in Australia and in the UK in December 2007. He did so again in the UK in June 2009, and appeared on the tour in November and December 2010.[15]

The Moody Blues, with Hayward, Lodge and original drummer Graeme Edge, continue to tour extensively and in a recent [when?] BBC World Service interview, Hayward and Lodge made it clear they have no plans to stop working, regarding it as "a privilege" to still be working in the music industry. In an interview, in 2005, Edge said if he remained in good health, he could go on for 10 more years.[13]

In 2011, Hayward contributed to the Moody Blues bluegrass tribute album Moody Bluegrass TWO...Much Love along with Moody Blues band-mates Lodge, Edge, Thomas and Pinder. Hayward sang lead vocal on his song "It's Cold Outside Of Your Heart". Many other Hayward compositions are featured on this album, as well as 2004's Moody Bluegrass: A Nashville Tribute to The Moody Blues.[16]

On 10 December 2011 Hayward along with Ian Anderson from Jethro Tull and Bruce Dickinson from Iron Maiden played a concert together at Canterbury Cathedral.

In February 2013 Hayward released his solo album Spirits of the Western Sky on the Eagle Rock label. He toured solo with this album on the east coast of the USA in August 2013, to much acclaim, with Moody Blues keyboardist Alan Hewitt and vocalist Julie Ragins. The opening act and accompanying guitarist in the main show was UK's Mike Dawes. The final show of the solo tour. in Atlanta, was recorded for a live DVD project and a live CD which were released in August 2014.

In April 2015 Hayward was interviewed on BBC Radio 2's Johnny Walker show.[17]

Instruments

For the most part, Hayward has used a red Gibson ES-335, though he also uses other guitars in both performing and recording, including a 1955 Martin D-28 "Dreadnought", a James Olson six-string acoustic, a black Guild acoustic, a Squier Stratocaster (essentially an inexpensive Fender Stratocaster, as Squier is a subsidiary of Fender), a Fender Telecaster, a blonde Guild 12-string acoustic (tuned to "open C" for "Question"), and in 1967 a black Gibson Les Paul. Between 1965 and 1968 he was without his Gibson 335 and relied on other instruments, most notably a 1964 Fender Telecaster and a hand-built 12-string guitar he had renovated for Donegan (he eventually bought this guitar from Donegan's widow). However, in an interview included on the Lovely to See You concert DVD (2005), Hayward says the 1963 Gibson 335 has been with him since 1967. Recently he has played a Collings D3 on stage and on recordings. Among other instruments, Hayward also played mandolin on A Question of Balance and sitar on In Search of the Lost Chord.[13]

Personal life

Written at the end of one love affair and the beginning of another, the song "Nights in White Satin" was, according to Hayward, "in adoration of all women". Hayward was married on 19 December 1970 to model Ann Marie Guirron. His daughter Doremi, who sings on the track "Raised on Love" on Hayward's 1977 album Songwriter, was born in 1972.[18]

In 2013 Hayward spoke of his learning Transcendental Meditation in 1967, along with other members of the Moody Blues.[19]

Awards

Hayward was awarded the first of numerous awards from the American Society of Composers, Authors and Publishers (ASCAP) for songwriting in 1974. In 1985, the Moody Blues picked up the Ivor Novello Award for Outstanding Contribution to Music, and in 1988 Hayward received the Novello, among other honours, for Composer of the Year (for "I Know You're Out There Somewhere"). In 2000, he was one of a handful of British artists to receive the "Golden Note" award for lifetime achievement by ASCAP.[20] In 2004, Hayward was awarded the "Gold Badge" for lifetime achievement by the British Academy of Songwriters, Composers and Authors (BASCA).[13] At the Ivor Novello Awards in London on 16 May 2013 Hayward was given the PRS for Music Award for Outstanding Achievement (presented to Hayward by Marty Wilde).

Compositions

  • 1965 ~ "London Is Behind Me" (45 RPM Debut Single)
  • 1966 ~ "Day Must Come" (45 RPM Single)
  • 1966 ~ "I Can't Face the World Without You" (45 RPM Single)
  • 1966 ~ "I'll Be Here Tomorrow" (45 RPM Single)
  • 1967 ~ "Fly Me High" (45 RPM Single)
  • 1967 ~ "Leave This Man Alone" (45 RPM Single)
  • 1967 ~ "Cities" (45 RPM Single) b-side of "Nights in White Satin"
  • 1967 ~ "Long Summer Days" (Released 1977)
  • 1967 ~ "Tuesday Afternoon" on Days of Future Passed
  • 1967 ~ "Nights in White Satin" on Days of Future Passed
  • 1968 ~ "Voices in the Sky" on In Search of the Lost Chord
  • 1968 ~ "Visions of Paradise" (with Ray Thomas) on In Search of the Lost Chord
  • 1968 ~ "The Actor" on In Search of the Lost Chord
  • 1968 ~ "King and Queen" (Released 1977)
  • 1969 ~ "What Am I Doing Here?" (Released 1977)
  • 1969 ~ "Lovely to See You" on On the Threshold of a Dream
  • 1969 ~ "Never Comes the Day" on On the Threshold of a Dream
  • 1969 ~ "Are You Sitting Comfortably?" (with Ray Thomas) on On the Threshold of a Dream
  • 1969 ~ "Gypsy (Of a Strange and Distant Time)" on To Our Children's Children's Children
  • 1969 ~ "Watching and Waiting" (with Ray Thomas) on To Our Children's Children's Children
  • 1969 ~ "I Never Thought I'd Live to be a Hundred" on To Our Children's Children's Children
  • 1970 ~ "Question" on A Question of Balance
  • 1970 ~ "It's Up to You" on A Question of Balance
  • 1970 ~ "Dawning Is The Day" on A Question of Balance
  • 1971 ~ "Procession" (with Thomas, Lodge, Edge and Pinder) on Every Good Boy Deserves Favour
  • 1971 ~ "The Story in Your Eyes" on Every Good Boy Deserves Favour
  • 1971 ~ "You Can Never Go Home" on Every Good Boy Deserves Favour
  • 1972 ~ "You and Me" (with Graeme Edge) on Seventh Sojourn
  • 1972 ~ "New Horizons" on Seventh Sojourn
  • 1972 ~ "The Land of Make Believe" on Seventh Sojourn
  • 1973 ~ "Island" on Seventh Sojourn (Digitally Remastered 5.1 Edition)
  • 1973 ~ "The Dreamer" (with Ray Thomas) on Seventh Sojourn (Digitally Remastered 5.1 edition)
  • 1975 ~ "This Morning" on Blue Jays
  • 1975 ~ "Remember Me (My Friend)" (with John Lodge) on Blue Jays
  • 1975 ~ "My Brother" (with John Lodge) on Blue Jays
  • 1975 ~ "Nights Winters Years" on Blue Jays
  • 1975 ~ "I Dreamed Last Night" on Blue Jays
  • 1975 ~ "Who Are You Now" on Blue Jays
  • 1975 ~ "When You Wake Up" (with John Lodge) on Blue Jays
  • 1975 ~ "Blue Guitar" on Blue Jays (CD Reissue)
  • 1977 ~ "Tightrope" on Songwriter
  • 1977 ~ "Songwriter" on Songwriter
  • 1977 ~ "Country Girl" on Songwriter
  • 1977 ~ "One Lonely Room" on Songwriter
  • 1977 ~ "Lay It on Me" on Songwriter
  • 1977 ~ "Stage Door" on Songwriter
  • 1977 ~ "Raised on Love" on Songwriter
  • 1977 ~ "Doin' Time" on Songwriter
  • 1977 ~ "Nostradamus" on Songwriter
  • 1977 ~ "Marie" on Songwriter (CD Reissue)
  • 1977 ~ "Heart of Steel" on Songwriter (2nd CD Reissue)
  • 1977 ~ "Wrong Time Right Place" on Songwriter (2nd CD Reissue)
  • 1978 ~ "Had to Fall in Love" on Octave
  • 1978 ~ "The Day We Meet Again" on Octave
  • 1978 ~ "Driftwood" on Octave
  • 1978 ~ "Top Rank Suite" on Octave
  • 1980 ~ "Crazy Lovers" on Night Flight
  • 1980 ~ "Nearer to You" on Night Flight
  • 1980 ~ "A Face in the Crowd" on 'Night Flight
  • 1980 ~ "Suitcase" on Night Flight
  • 1981 ~ "The Voice" on Long Distance Voyager
  • 1981 ~ "Gemini Dream" (with John Lodge) on Long Distance Voyager
  • 1981 ~ "In My World" on Long Distance Voyager
  • 1981 ~ "Meanwhile" on Long Distance Voyager
  • 1983 ~ "Blue World" on The Present
  • 1983 ~ "Meet Me Halfway" (with John Lodge) on The Present
  • 1983 ~ "It's Cold Outside of Your Heart" on The Present
  • 1983 ~ "Running Water" on The Present
  • 1983 ~ "Eternal Woman" (from the film She)
  • 1985 ~ "One Again" on Moving Mountains
  • 1985 ~ "Take Your Chances" on Moving Mountains
  • 1985 ~ "Is it Just a Game?" on Moving Mountains
  • 1985 ~ "Moving Mountains" on Moving Mountains
  • 1985 ~ "Silverbird" (with Jeff Wayne) on Moving Mountains
  • 1985 ~ "Who Knows?" on Moving Mountains
  • 1985 ~ "Goodbye" on Moving Mountains
  • 1985 ~ "Lost and Found" on Moving Mountains
  • 1985 ~ "The Lights are Low" on Moving Mountains (CD Reissue)
  • 1985 ~ "The Angels Cry", performed by Agnetha Fältskog and Annie Haslam, separately
  • 1986 ~ "Your Wildest Dreams" on The Other Side of Life
  • 1986 ~ "Talkin' Talkin'" (with John Lodge) on The Other Side of Life
  • 1986 ~ "I Just Don't Care" on The Other Side of Life
  • 1986 ~ "Running Out of Love" (with John Lodge) on The Other Side of Life
  • 1986 ~ "The Other Side of Life" on The Other Side of Life
  • 1986 ~ "Slings and Arrows" (with John Lodge) on The Other Side of Life
  • 1986 ~ "Forever autumn" from Jeff Wayne's Musical Version of The War of the Worlds
  • 1987 ~ "It Won't Be Easy" (with Tony Visconti) (Theme from the show Star Cops)
  • 1988 ~ "I Know You're Out There Somewhere" on Sur La Mer
  • 1988 ~ "Want to Be With You" (with John Lodge) on Sur La Mer
  • 1988 ~ "River of Endless Love" (with John Lodge) on Sur La Mer
  • 1988 ~ "No More Lies" on Sur La Mer
  • 1988 ~ "Vintage Wine" on Sur La Mer
  • 1988 ~ "Breaking Point" (with John Lodge) on Sur La Mer
  • 1988 ~ "Miracle" (with John Lodge) on Sur La Mer
  • 1988 ~ "Deep" on Sur La Mer
  • 1989 ~ "Shoe People" (from the children's television show of the same name)
  • 1989 ~ "Something Evil, Something Dangerous" (from the film The Howling IV)
  • 1991 ~ "Say It With Love" on Keys of the Kingdom
  • 1991 ~ "Bless the Wings (That Bring You Back)" on Keys of the Kingdom
  • 1991 ~ "Is this Heaven?" (with John Lodge) on Keys of the Kingdom
  • 1991 ~ "Say What You Mean" (Parts I & II) on Keys of the Kingdom
  • 1991 ~ "Hope and Pray" on Keys of the Kingdom
  • 1991 ~ "Once Is Enough" (with John Lodge) on Keys of the Kingdom
  • 1991 ~ "Never Blame the Rainbows for the Rain" (with Ray Thomas) on Keys of the Kingdom
  • 1996 ~ "I Heard It" on The View from the Hill
  • 1996 ~ "Broken Dream" on The View from the Hill
  • 1996 ~ "It's Not Too Late" on The View from the Hill
  • 1996 ~ "The Way of the World" on The View from the Hill
  • 1996 ~ "Sometimes Less is More" (with Dennis Lambert) on The View from the Hill
  • 1996 ~ "Troubadour" on The View from the Hill
  • 1996 ~ "Shame" on The View from the Hill
  • 1996 ~ "Billy" on The View from the Hill
  • 1996 ~ "Children of Paradise" on The View from the Hill
  • 1999 ~ "English Sunset" on Strange Times
  • 1999 ~ "Haunted" on Strange Times
  • 1999 ~ "Sooner or Later" (with John Lodge) on Strange Times
  • 1999 ~ "Foolish Love" on Strange Times
  • 1999 ~ "All That is Real is You" on Strange Times
  • 1999 ~ "Strange Times" (with John Lodge) on Strange Times
  • 1999 ~ "The One" (with John Lodge) on Strange Times
  • 1999 ~ "The Swallow" on Strange Times
  • 2001 ~ "Water" (with John Lodge) on Journey into Amazing Caves
  • 2001 ~ "We Can Fly" (with John Lodge) on Journey into Amazing Caves
  • 2003 ~ "Don't Need a Reindeer" on December
  • 2003 ~ "December Snow" on December
  • 2003 ~ "In The Quiet of Christmas Morning (Bach 147)" (lyrics only, with John Lodge) on December
  • 2003 ~ "Yes, I Believe" on December
  • 2013 ~ "In Your Blue Eyes" on Spirits of the Western Sky
  • 2013 ~ "One Day, Someday" on Spirits of the Western Sky
  • 2013 ~ "The Western Sky" on Spirits of the Western Sky
  • 2013 ~ "The Eastern Sun" on Spirits of the Western Sky
  • 2013 ~ "On The Road to Love" (with Kenny Loggins) on Spirits of the Western Sky
  • 2013 ~ "Lazy Afternoon" on Spirits of the Western Sky
  • 2013 ~ "In The Beginning" on Spirits of the Western Sky
  • 2013 ~ "What You Resist Persists" on Spirits of the Western Sky
  • 2013 ~ "Captivated By You" on Spirits of the Western Sky

Solo discography

Studio albums

Live albums

References

  1. ^ "BMI Repertoire Search". BMI Repertoire. Retrieved 31 December 2015.
  2. ^ "From Justin: Practise", JustinHayward.com, 2010. Hayward says he was registered as David Justin Hayward but baptised as Justin David "and remained so ever since".
  3. ^ "Justin Hayward, York Barbican, July 9". The York Press. Retrieved 25 June 2015.
  4. ^ "Justin Hayward friend of Commonweal". Commonwealarts.co.uk. Retrieved 27 September 2014.
  5. ^ "True Blue – Justin Hayward". Guitar & Bass Magazine. Retrieved 25 June 2015.
  6. ^ "Notable users of the AC30". AC30-Guide. Retrieved 25 June 2015.
  7. ^ "Justin Hayward – Prolificity and Perceptions". VintageGuitar.com. Retrieved 20 July 2015.
  8. ^ "All Things Bright". MoodyBlues.co.uk. Retrieved 25 June 2015.
  9. ^ "Justin Hayward on touring at 68: 'Performing live is like a drug'". Express. Retrieved 20 July 2015.
  10. ^ "Big Blonde 12 String". JustinHaywardGuitar.com. Retrieved 25 June 2015.
  11. ^ "Justin Hayward of the Moody Blues". Ticketfly. Retrieved 20 July 2015.
  12. ^ "The Marty Wilde Trio, 1965". Swindon Music Scene. Retrieved 25 June 2015.
  13. ^ a b c d Decca Moody Blues liner notes, Decca Records / Universal Music 2006
  14. ^ "The Justin Hayward Interview". VintageRock.com. Retrieved 20 July 2015.
  15. ^ "Review: Jeff Wayne's War of The Worlds". Goldenplec.com. Retrieved 27 September 2014.
  16. ^ "Moody Blues Have 'Much Love' for Bluegrass". theboot.com. Retrieved 29 August 2015.
  17. ^ "Justin Hayward". Johnny Walker's Sounds of the 70s. BBC Radio 2. Retrieved 21 April 2015. {{cite episode}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |city= (help)
  18. ^ "Justin Hayward and daughter in California". YouTube. Retrieved 27 June 2014.
  19. ^ Gleason, Paul (2 April 2013). "Justin Hayward of the Moody Blues on His Days of Future Passed (and Present)". Rockcellar Magazine. Retrieved 2 September 2015. We went to the TM Center at the same time that The Beatles did. Four of us went: me, Mike, Graeme, and Ray. We went through the whole process.
  20. ^ "ASCAP Golden Note Award". The American Society of Composers, Authors and Publishers. Retrieved 20 July 2015.
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