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Kearl Oil Sands Project

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Coordinates: 57°17′43″N 111°14′47″W / 57.29524°N 111.24644°W / 57.29524; -111.24644
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Kearl Oil Sands Project
Kearl Oil Sands Project is located in Canada
Kearl Oil Sands Project
Location of the Kearl Oil Sands Project
CountryCanada
RegionAlberta
LocationWestern Canadian Sedimentary Basin
Offshore/onshoreOnshore, unconventional
Coordinates57°17′43″N 111°14′47″W / 57.29524°N 111.24644°W / 57.29524; -111.24644
PartnersExxonMobil
Imperial Oil

The Kearl Oil Sands Project is an oil sands mine in the Athabasca Oil Sands region at the Kearl Lake area, about 70 kilometres (43 mi) north of Fort McMurray in Alberta, Canada that is operated by the 143-year old Calgary, Alberta-headquartered Imperial Oil Limited—one of the largest integrated oil companies in Canada.[1][2] Kearl is owned by Imperial Oil and is controlled by Imperial's parent company, ExxonMobil—an American multinational that is one of the largest in the world.[3][4][5][6]

Ownership

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Since its first announcement in 2003, the megaproject jointly owned by Imperial Oil and ExxonMobil, but was controlled by Exxon, who owns 69% of Imperial Oil's shares.[6][7] In 1997, Exxon submitted Kearl's initial public disclosure.[5]

In 2009, ExxonMobil—the American multinational corporation, headquartered in Texas—owned 30% of the Kearl Oil Sands Project in 2009, while Imperial Oil Limited owned 70% of the project.[8] ExxonMobil Corporation [9] Imperial Oil Limited, with its headquarters in Calgary, Alberta is one of the largest integrated oil companies in Canada.[1][2] ExxonMobil is one of the largest companies in the world in terms of oil production.[3][10][4]

Cost of project

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In 2003, similar projects—which like the one proposed at Kearl included an upgrader capable of turning bitumen into synthetic crude oil—were estimated to cost over CA$5 billion.[7]

By 2007, the estimated cost of the project was CA$7 billion.[11]

The first stage of development as described in 2009, involved capital spending of about CA$8 billion, with the final estimate being highly dependent on the final upgrading option selected.[12][8]

By 2010, the cost of the Kearl Oil Sands Project was more than CA$8 billion.[13]

By February 2013, Imperial said that the Kearl's first phase would cost CA$12.9 billion, 2 billion more than its previous estimate of 10.9 billion dollars, and 61% more than the original estimate of 8 billion.[6]

Background

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The initial public disclosure for the Kearl Oil Sands Project was made in 1997 by ExxonMobil Canada, a subsidiary of ExxonMobil.[5] In November 2003, Imperial Oil submitted the updated project disclosure.[5] Engineering, procurement and construction (EPC) activities were carried out between 2009 and 2012. The first production from the field occurred in April. ExxonMobil initially proposed the Kearl project in 1997.[14]

In 2003, Imperial Oil Ltd. announced plans for a proposed new megaproject at Kearl Lake 60 kilometres (37 mi) north of Fort McMurray, in partnership with its parent company, Exxon.[7] Ralph Klein was then premier of Alberta, and against the backdrop of the invasion of Iraq in March, 2003, there was a boom in megaproject construction.[7]

In 2003, other oil companies were also involved in or considering expansion projects in the oil sands, including Husky, Shell, Canadian Natural Resources Ltd., Nexen Inc. and Encana.[7]

Potential resources and production

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Kearl's mining area includes about 4.6 billion barrels (730×10^6 m3) of bitumen resources.[15] It is anticipated that it will take four decades to recover all the bitumen.[15]

When ExxonMobil proposed the Kearl project in 1997, estimated recoverable bitumen resources were 1.2 to 1.4 billion barrels (220×10^6 m3). In 2010, the Energy Resources Conservation Board (ERCB) estimated that the actual established reserves at over 5.5 billion barrels (870×10^6 m3).[14]

In 2003, the estimated daily production was 500,000 barrels per day (79,000 m3/d) which would make Imperial "one of the largest producers of bitumen and synthetic oil".[7]

By 2009, estimates for Kearl's production at the first stage were approximately 110,000-barrel-per-day (17,000 m3/d), with later expansions to more than 300,000 barrels per day (48,000 m3/d).[12][16]

In June 2013, shortly after Kearl opened, it was producing 40,000-barrel-per-day (6,400 m3/d) and expected to reach 100,000-barrel-per-day (16,000 m3/d) in the summer of 2013.[17]

By 2013, Imperial/Exxon estimated that Kearl production would reach 345,000 barrels per day (54,900 m3/d) by 2020.[18]

Kearl's annual average was 178,000 barrels per day (28,300 m3/d) in 2017.[19]

In 2021, full-year annual production at Kearl reached a record of 263,000 barrels per day (41,800 m3/d) and a monthly record of 332,000 barrels per day (52,800 m3/d) in June, 2021, as several "optimization projects" were completed.[20]

Project description

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At a June 2003 Canadian Association of Petroleum Producers (CAPP) conference, investors were told that Kearl would be operational in 2012.[7]

In 2006, the initial phase began with Kiewit Corporation contracted to begin site development.[15]

The development was an open-pit mining operation, developed in three stages. The first phase was completed mid-2013.[12][18]

It used a froth treatment technology, producing blended bitumen which was transported to the Edmonton area by Enbridge's pipeline system.[18][21] Diluent was provided from Edmonton through the Inter Pipeline-owned 454 kilometres (282 mi) long, 12 inches (300 mm) diameter pipeline supplying the Athabasca Oil Sands Project. The Kearl oil sands facilities would be connected with this pipeline by a 50 kilometres (31 mi) long new branch.[22]

At the first stage an engineering, procurement, and construction management contract was awarded to AMEC while Fluor Corp. was responsible for the development of infrastructure and facilities.[12][8][23]

The development is located on two oil-sands leases.[24]

Imperial holds 100 percent of the mining rights on Leases 6 and 87. Areas deemed suitable for surface mining are primarily in the western part of Lease 6 and the northwestern part of Lease 87 (Imperial Oil, ExxonMobil 2009–07). Lease 36 and 31A, in which ExxonMobil Canada holds 100% of the mining rights.

In January 2013, Alberta Federation of Labour president, Gil McGowan, raised concerns that the decision to pipe diluted bitumen south for upgrading instead of including an upgrader as had been announced previously, would result in fewer jobs in Alberta at a time when unemployment had increased in the province. The oil sands was negatively affected, with the number of people applying for employment insurance (EI) in Fort McMurray tripling in a 12-month period.[25] Imperial Oil responded that they would be creating 100s of long-term, and thousands of short-term jobs with an eventual 1,000 people in the permanent workforce.[25]

In 2017, Imperial Oil reported Kearl averaging 178,000 barrels per day (28,300 m3/d), and Imperial Oil and Exxon began a three-year CA$560 million project to boost production by adding additional "crushing capacity and flow distribution".[19]

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In July 2013, the largest pipeline company in Canada, Enbridge announced its 345 kilometres (214 mi) CA$1.3 billion Woodland Pipeline Extension Project to serve the Kearl oil sands project.[17]

Regulatory agencies

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In June 2008, Imperial/Exxon received government regulatory approval for the Kearl Oil Sands Project from the Energy Resources Conservation Board (ERCB).[5]

Prior to 2013, Kearl Oil Sands Project was regulated by the now defunct, ERCB—replaced in 2013 by the Alberta Energy Regulator (AER) by then Conservative Premier Allison Redford.[26] The AER—which was fully funded by the industry—became the single regulator in the province, integrating environmental regulation with economic development in all provincial energy projects.[26] The first AER chair was the founding president of the Canadian Association of Petroleum Producers (CAPP).[27]

Environmental concerns

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In 2003, Imperial's executive K.C. Williams expressed concerns about the cost of maintaining compliance with environmental laws after the revision of the Kyoto Protocol in 2012, however many other industry executives, including Gwyn Morgan, "one of the oil patch's most vocal Kyoto opponents", were less concerned due to laws passed by the federal government that "limited the volume and cost for energy firms to reduce emissions". In 2012, Canada withdrew from the Kyoto Protocol.[28]

The Pembina Institute, Sierra Club of Canada, the Toxics Watch Society of Alberta and the Prairie Acid Rain Coalition launched legal action in Edmonton to challenge the 2006 regulatory approval of the project.[11] They claimed that the joint federal-Alberta regulatory panel failed to do its job when it gave conditional approval to the Kearl open-pit mine.[11][29][30] They argued that a full environmental review must take place before the federal government decides whether the project should proceed.

After a joint federal-provincial panel reviewed and upheld the original decision, a water permit was reinstated in 2008, pending approval from Imperial's board of directors.[31] Delayed again in response to the 2008 fall in oil prices, Imperial Oil decided in May 2009 to proceed with the project, taking advantage of the local economy to cut costs.[32][33]

On February 6th, 2023, the Alberta Energy Regulator (AER) issued an Environmental Protection Order under the Environmental Protection and Enhancement Act in response to two incidents, including a seepage event reported on May 19, 2022 and an overflow event on February 4, 2023.[34] In March 2023, Imperial Oil received a Fisheries Act direction from Environment and Climate change Canada to contain seepage from a tailings pond at the project, as the seepage has been ruled harmful to wildlife. The spill had first been noticed in May 2022, but Imperial had failed to give the required notification to federal regulators at the time.[35] In response to regulatory requirements, Imperial Oil has been working on remediation which as of February 2024 remains ongoing [36]

South Korean-made oil extraction modules

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The Kearl project faced a number of delays and cost escalations, due in part to complications associated with the 2011 and 2012 "Kearl Module Transportation Project" (KMTP) in which enormous, South Korean-made oil extraction modules had to be transported across northwestern states with considerable opposition from residents in Idaho and Montana.[18] Imperial/Exxon lost a battle against Idaho and Montana residents who opposed the transport of megaloads of the modules on their highways, forcing Imperial/Exxon to take the 200 modules apart and to use an alternate route, requiring hundreds of workers and delaying the project. This along with other factors added CA$2 billion dollars to the cost of the project.[6] KMTP consisted of two hundred 210 feet (64 m)-long, 24 feet (7.3 m)-wide, 30 feet (9.1 m)-high vehicles carrying South Korean-made oil extraction modules that weigh nearly 335,000 pounds (152,000 kg) travelling for seven to ten days from the Port of Vancouver in Washington, through Idaho, then Lolo Pass, through Montana's secondary highways on their way to Kearl Oil Sands Project in northern Alberta.[37] The KMTP involved constructing 75 roadway turnouts, bridge reinforcement, and relocating traffic signals and overhead wires along the 480 kilometres (300 mi) route.[38]

In order to transport the modules, Class 8 Tractors hauled 16 feet (4.9 m) wide Mammoet-built Hydraulic Platform Trailers,[39][40] from the port of Lewiston, Idaho, through the U.S. states of Idaho and Montana to the Kearl Oil Sands Project.[41]

In April 2010, the Montana Department of Transportation (MDT) called for a public meeting to consult with communities that would be affected by the proposed KMTP.[37] In September 2010, residents of Idaho and Montana criticized the KMTP route which included U.S. Route 12 along the narrow curving byways of the Clearwater and Lochsa River of the National Wild and Scenic Rivers System out of concerns for the environment and for the adventure cycling routes.[42]

In December 2010, both Canadian and American unions questioned why Imperial Oil/ExxonMobil chose to give a CA$250 million contract to SungJin Geotec in South Korea to build 200 of the 600 oil extraction modules of equipment for the Kearl oil sands recovery processing.[13] Ironworkers' Local 720's Harry Tostowaryk in Edmonton had no sympathy for Imperial Oil/ExxonMobil's plight as the 200 SungJin modules remained stuck in ports in Lewiston, Idaho and Vancouver, Washington.[13] Tostowaryk said that in the area around Edmonton there were many module facilities sitting idle.[13] With 400 modules either already built or under construction in Edmonton, Tostowaryk rejected Imperial Oil/ExxonMobil's explanations for not making all the modules in Edmonton, as "disjointed", while Cynthia Bergman and Imperial oil's Edmonton-based Bob Delaney claimed factors such as "total value" and competitiveness motivated the outsourcing of labor.[13]

Coronavirus outbreak

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Main article: COVID-19 pandemic in Alberta

On April 15, 2020, an outbreak of COVID-19 was linked to Kearl by the provincial government, and by April 20, at least twenty cases were attributed to the site by Alberta Health Services.[43][44] On April 18, BC's Interior Health and the Saskatchewan Health Authority (in particular, residents of northwest Saskatchewan) issued advisories of self-isolation for staff returning from interprovincial travel to the region and their close contacts.[45][46]

References

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  1. ^ a b "The AER Issues an Environmental Protection Order for Imperial's Kearl Oil Sands Project". Alberta Energy Regulator. Electric Energy Online. February 10, 2023. Retrieved March 29, 2023.
  2. ^ a b Annual Report (PDF). Imperial Oil (Report). Calgary, Alberta. 2022. Retrieved March 29, 2023.
  3. ^ a b "Global 500". Fortune. Retrieved 2022-08-04.
  4. ^ a b Hussain, Murtaza (January 8, 2020). "Imperial Oil, Canada's Exxon Subsidiary, Ignored Its Own Climate Change Research for Decades, Archive Shows". The Intercept. Retrieved March 29, 2023.
  5. ^ a b c d e "Kearl Oil Sands Project, Alberta". Hydrocarbons technology. 2013. Retrieved March 29, 2023 – via Verdict Media Limited.
  6. ^ a b c d Tait, Carrie (February 1, 2013). "Imperial bumps up cost of Kearl oil sands project". The Globe and Mail. Retrieved March 29, 2023.
  7. ^ a b c d e f g Brethour, Patrick (June 24, 2003). "Imperial plans new oil sands project". The Globe and Mail. Retrieved March 29, 2023.
  8. ^ a b c "Fluor bags Kearl Alberta deal". Upstream Online. NHST Media Group. 7 July 2009. Retrieved 2009-07-08.
  9. ^ Hussain, Murtaza (January 8, 2020). "Imperial Oil, Canada's Exxon Subsidiary, Ignored Its Own Climate Change Research for Decades, Archive Shows". The Intercept. Retrieved March 29, 2023.
  10. ^ "Top ten companies by oil production". Offshore Technology. 2019-05-14. Retrieved 2022-08-04.
  11. ^ a b c "Environmental groups challenge Imperial Oil's Kearl project". CBC News. January 15, 2008. Retrieved March 29, 2023.
  12. ^ a b c d "Fluor Secures EPC Contract for First Phase of Kearl Oil Sands Project". Downstream Today. July 7, 2009. Retrieved 2009-07-08.
  13. ^ a b c d e Briggeman, Kim (December 7, 2010). "Union questions why oilfield modules were built in South Korea". Montana. Retrieved March 29, 2023.
  14. ^ a b Annual 2009 ECRB Energy Reserves Outlook (PDF) (Report). Energy Resources Conservation Board. June 2010. Retrieved 2010-07-30.
  15. ^ a b c "Kearl Oil Sands Project". Kiewit Corporation. Retrieved March 29, 2023.
  16. ^ "Imperial Oil Approves First Phase of Kearl Oil Sands Project". Downstream Today. May 26, 2009. Retrieved 2009-07-08.
  17. ^ a b "Enbridge to build CA$1.3 billion Canadian oil sands pipeline extension". Reuters. July 25, 2013. Retrieved March 29, 2023.
  18. ^ a b c d Cryderman, Kelly (April 28, 2013). "Imperial Oil finally producing bitumen at Kearl mine". The Globe and Mail. Calgary. Retrieved April 28, 2013.
  19. ^ a b "Imperial and Exxon to Spend $560 million on Kearl Oilsands Mine to Boost Production, Canada". JWN Energy. February 6, 2018. Retrieved March 29, 2023 – via Mining Connection.
  20. ^ "Imperial sets new production records, despite a bitterly cold December". Oil Sands Magazine. February 3, 2022. Retrieved March 29, 2023.
  21. ^ "Enbridge to Develop Pipeline System for Kearl Oil Sands Project". Downstream Today. 2009-06-22. Retrieved 2009-07-08.
  22. ^ "Inter Pipeline Inks Transportation Agreement for Kearl Oil Sands Project". Downstream Today. 26 May 2009. Retrieved 2009-07-08.
  23. ^ "Clearing the way for Kearl". Oilweek Magazine. JuneWarren-Nickle's Energy Group. September 2009. Archived from the original on 2011-10-02. Retrieved 2010-06-06.
  24. ^ Imperial Oil, ExxonMobil (November 2003). "Kearl oil sands project description" (PDF). Executive Council of Alberta. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2011-05-25. Retrieved 2009-07-07. {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
  25. ^ a b Christian, Carol (May 29, 2009). "Labour federation warns jobs will head south". Fort McMurray Today. Archived from the original on January 23, 2013. Retrieved March 29, 2023.
  26. ^ a b "Alison Redford". Policy Options. Retrieved March 29, 2023.
  27. ^ Pratt, Sheila (June 18, 2013). "Critics want Alberta's new energy regulator removed". Edmonton Journal. Archived from the original on May 22, 2013. Retrieved June 22, 2013.
  28. ^ "Kyoto Protocol to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change". UN Treaty Database. Archived from the original on October 8, 2018. Retrieved 27 November 2014.
  29. ^ "Joint Review Panel Established by the Alberta Energy and Utilities Board and the Government of Canada" (PDF). Energy Resources Conservation Board. February 27, 2007. Retrieved 2014-01-02. {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
  30. ^ "Pembina Institute for Appropriate Development v. Canada (Attorney General), 2008 FC 302". 2008-03-08. FCJ No 324 (QL) — 80 Admin LR (4th) 74 — 323 FTR 297. Retrieved 2022-03-29.
  31. ^ "Imperial Oil gets green light to break ground on Kearl Project". CBC News. 2008-06-06. Retrieved 2009-07-07.
  32. ^ Guntis Moritis (2009-05-29). "Imperial Oil approves Kearl oil sands project". Oil & Gas Journal. 107. PennWell Corporation: 41. Retrieved 2009-07-07.
  33. ^ "Oil sands development: Imperial gives green light to phase one Kearl project". Canadian Mining Journal. 2009-05-27. Archived from the original on 2013-01-19. Retrieved 2009-07-07.
  34. ^ https://www.aer.ca/protecting-what-matters/holding-industry-accountable/investigations/ongoing-investigations/imperial-oil-kearl-oil-sands [bare URL]
  35. ^ Weber, Bob. "Imperial Oil faces federal order to stop seepage as tailings leak deemed harmful to wildlife". CBC News. The Canadian Press. Retrieved 14 March 2023.
  36. ^ https://www.imperialoil.ca/en-ca/company/operations/kearl/kearl-epo#Kearlwaterresultsvideo [bare URL]
  37. ^ a b Kavanagh, LeAnne (April 21, 2010). "Public comment sought on Imperial Oil's Kearl project". Golden Triangle News.
  38. ^ Staff, Canadian Mining Journal (January 19, 2012). "Inching toward the Kearl oil sands project". Canadian Mining Journal. Retrieved March 29, 2023.
  39. ^ Mammoet drawing of using 14 Line 16' Wide Goldhofer Hydraulic Platform Trailer on the Kearl Module Transportation Project
  40. ^ "Mammoet using Kenworth C-500 or T-800 or Western Star 4900 on Kearl Module Transportation Project" (PDF).
  41. ^ "Extreme Logistics moving giant construction modules from Korea to Alberta: Cargo Business Newswire".
  42. ^ "Big Oil Threatens Adventure Cycling Routes". We Bike Eugene. September 2010. Archived from the original on 2010-10-07. Retrieved 2010-10-09.
  43. ^ "Three workers in Alberta oilsands camp test positive for COVID-19: Hinshaw". Global News. Retrieved 2020-04-22.
  44. ^ Beamish, Laura (2020-04-20). "COVID-19 cases linked to Kearl Lake hits 20 as provincial total hits 2,908". Fort McMurray Today. Retrieved 2020-04-22.
  45. ^ Ellis, Brendan (2020-04-18). "SHA advising against all non-essential travel to northern Alberta". CTV News Saskatoon. Retrieved 2020-04-19.
  46. ^ "Coronavirus: Outbreak at Alberta oilsands work camp prompts warning from Interior Health". Global News. Retrieved 2020-04-22.
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