Kembla Heights, New South Wales
| Kembla Heights Wollongong, New South Wales | |||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
  Kembla Heights | |||||||||||||||
| Coordinates | 34°25′50″S 150°48′25″E / 34.43056°S 150.80694°E | ||||||||||||||
| Population | 88 (2021 census)[1] | ||||||||||||||
| Postcode(s) | 2526 | ||||||||||||||
| LGA(s) | Wollongong | ||||||||||||||
| State electorate(s) | Keira | ||||||||||||||
| Federal division(s) | Cunningham | ||||||||||||||
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Kembla Heights is a village west of Wollongong, New South Wales in the Parish of Kembla County of Camden.[2] It is situated along Harry Graham Drive and upper Cordeaux Road and is part of a tourist route that runs along the Illawarra escarpment for a distance between Mount Kembla and Mount Keira. The Dendrobium Colliery (Illawara Coal, South32) is located in Kembla Heights.
The entire village of Kembla Heights is a heritage conservation area under the Wollongong City Council Development Control Plan "Kembla Heights is the most intact mining village in the Wollongong Local Government Area with its simple, consistent late Victorian and early Federation period cottages".[3] It is in fact the last remaining coal mining village that is company owned in the Illawarra today. The southern portion of Cordeaux Road, Kembla Heights, is known as Windy Gully, it is partially company owned and in private ownership and also part of the Kembla Heights Heritage Conservation Area.[4] The historic Windy Gully Cemetery is located in this portion of Kembla Heights and is still company owned.
History
[edit]Kembla Heights is within Dharawal country linking Mt Kemba (the men's mountain) to Mt Keira (the women's mountain) and west to the Cordeaux River Valley that formed a travelling route for Aboriginal people connecting the coast areas to the inland Bargo area.[5]
Timber getters were in the area from the 1810s in search of valuable red cedar (Toona ciliata). Europeans began occupying the landscape for agriculture from the 1850s forming a rural collection of farms associated with the settlement known as American Creek.
Mining
[edit]With the discovery of oil baring shale and coal the land around Kembla Heights was purchased to become a mining settlement. The Pioneer Kerosene Works (1860–1878) Australia's first shale mining and kerosene manufacturing plant was owned by John Graham and situated at Kembla Heights.[6] This plant was purchased by the Mt Kembla Coal and Oil Company (1878–1913) who developed a new coal mine to the north of Kerosene site, later renamed Mt Kembla Colliery Ltd (1913–1946) and finally purchased by Australian Iron and Steel, AIS (1946–1970).[7] Nebo Colliery (1946–1993) was developed by AIS on the site of the original Kerosene works at Kembla Heights.[8]
The Mt Kembla Mine Disaster, Kembla Heights
[edit]Mt Kembla Coal and Oil Company's mine in Kembla Heights was the site of the worst industrial accident in Australia's history, the Mt Kembla Mine Disaster. The disaster took place on Thursday 31 July 1902, at precisely three minutes past two o'clock in the afternoon.[7][9] The disaster was caused by gas seeping undetected from the coal seam in a disused area of the mine that had been mined out. A rock fall pushed the gas out into the tunnels where men were working. When the gas reached the naked flame of colliery workers light, it ignited instantly and caused a series of further gas and coal dust explosions. The initial blast killed some instantly, but the majority died from Carbon monoxide poisoning which penetrated the tunnels from the incomplete combustion of fuel.[9][10]
Windy Gully cemetery was created on a half acre of company land to receive the bodies of the victims of the Mt Kembla Mine Disaster of 1902.[3][11] In all, about a third of the victims were buried at Windy Gully, most either Presbyterian or Methodist.[9] It was originally known as the Kembla Heights Cemetery or Presbyterian Cemetery.
References
[edit]- ^ Australian Bureau of Statistics (28 June 2022). "Kembla Heights". 2021 Census QuickStats. Retrieved 29 July 2024.
- ^ "Kembla Heights". wollongong.nsw.gov.au. Retrieved 1 August 2017.
- ^ a b Wollongong City Council (2009). "Wollongong DCP 2009 Chapter E11 – Heritage Conservation" (PDF). Wollongong City Council. p. 21. Archived from the original on 13 May 2016. Retrieved 31 July 2017.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (link) - ^ "Kembla Heights Conservation Area | NSW Environment & Heritage". www.environment.nsw.gov.au. Retrieved 1 August 2017.
- ^ "Kembla Dharawal History". Kembla Jottings. 2017.
- ^ Organ, Michael (2005). "The Pioneer Kerosene Works at American Creek, Mount Kembla, New South Wales 1865 – 1878, Chronology".
- ^ a b "Mt Kembla Colliery Including Site of Mine workings, Portal, Mine Air Shaft and Pit Pony Stables | NSW Environment & Heritage". www.environment.nsw.gov.au. Retrieved 1 August 2017.
- ^ "Nebo Colliery* | NSW Environment & Heritage". www.environment.nsw.gov.au. Retrieved 1 August 2017.
- ^ a b c Piggin, Stuart; Lee, Henry (1992). The Mt Kembla Disaster. Sydney University in association with Oxford University Press Australia.
- ^ Mount Kembla Colliery Disaster, 31 July, 1902: report of the Royal Commission. New South Wales. Royal Commission of Inquiry Respecting the Mount Kembla Colliery Disaster. 1903.
- ^ "Cemetery | NSW Environment & Heritage". www.environment.nsw.gov.au. Retrieved 1 August 2017.
Further reading
[edit]Richardson, Wendy (1989) "Windy Gully" Currency Press
Fitzpatrick, Conal (2002) "KEMBLA BOOK OF VOICES", Kemblawarra Press Australia.
Trenor, Paul (2013) SPIRITS OF WINDY GULLY – the Mt. Kembla Mine disaster, Self published
Zam, Darian 'Coalfaces'(2016), Self published
Murray, Noel J. (2008), "Memories of Times Gone By", Self Published
Stone, Kevin C. (2002), "A Profile History of Mount Kembla", Self Published
McNamara, John Leo (2007), "Life at Cordeaux River" Self Published
Herben, Carol (2002), "Mt Kembla 1902 Mine Disaster Commemoration Cemetery Walks", Mt Kembla : Mt Kembla Mine Disaster Centenary Commemoration Committee
Piggin, Stuart and Lee, Henry (1992), "The Mt Kembla Disaster", Melbourne : Oxford University Press in association with Sydney University Press
External links
[edit]- Kembla Jottings – timeline, history, Mt Kembla Mine Disaster and victims list, community links
- The Day in 1902 – the Mt Kembla Disaster, short YouTube film.
- Stuart Piggin : Faith of Steel and Mount Kembla Mine Disaster research materials, University of Wollongong Archives
- Mount Kembla Colliery Disaster, 31 July, 1902: report of the Royal Commission, University of Wollongong Archives
- Illawarra Heritage Trail
- Mt Kembla Mining Heritage Inc.
- Mt Kembla Stories – short YouTube film on Mt Kembla and Kembla Heights history.
- Black Dust – 5 part series on YouTube by WIN News Illawarra – Mt Kembla Mine Explosion 110th Anniversary