Kemmelberg

Kemmelberg-South
Kemmelberg-South
Location	Heuvelland
Start	Kemmel
Gain in altitude	109 m (358 ft)
Length of climb	1,400 m (4,600 ft)
Elevation	156 m (512 ft)
Average gradient	7.8 %
Maximum gradient	17 %

Kemmelberg-West
Kemmelberg-West
Location	Heuvelland
Start	Kemmel
Gain in altitude	109 m (358 ft)
Length of climb	2,500 m (8,200 ft)
Elevation	156 m (512 ft)
Average gradient	4.4 %
Maximum gradient	22 %

Kemmelberg-East
Kemmelberg-East
Location	Heuvelland
Start	Kemmel
Gain in altitude	122 m (400 ft)
Length of climb	3,000 m (9,800 ft)
Elevation	156 m (512 ft)
Average gradient	4 %
Maximum gradient	22 %

Kemmelberg (English: Kemmel Hill, French: Mont Kemmel) is a hill formation in Flanders, Belgium. It is located less than a kilometer from the village of Kemmel, part of the municipality of Heuvelland in West Flanders.

History

The earliest settlements on the Kemmelberg date back 2.500 years, when Celtic tribes of the Hallstatt culture populated the area. The hill takes its name from Camulos, the Celtic god of war.

During World War I, it was the location of one of the war's most ferocious battles. Because of its strategic importance, it was fiercely fought in the Fourth Battle of Ypres. On 25 April 1918, German imperial forces, hoping to force a breakthrough to the North Sea, started attacking the French troops on the Kemmelberg with gas grenades. At 6 a.m. the German Alpenkorps seized and captured the Kemmelberg, causing allied troops to withdraw from all the hills in the region. Thousands of French soldiers were slaughtered. Several streets and army barracks in Germany were named after this event (Kemmel-Privatweg in Magdeburg, Kemmelkaserne in Murnau). Friedrich Bertram Sixt von Armin and Prince Franz of Bavaria were commanders, but Karl Höfer was celebrated as hero of Kemmelberg - the Held vom Kemmelberge.^[1] It was recaptured during the Battle of the Peaks of Flanders in late September 1918, as a precursor to the Armistice of 11 November 1918.

At the western foot of the hill, there is a large war cemetery, the Kemmel Number 1 French Commonwealth War Graves Commission Cemetery, with the remains of more than 5.000 French soldiers. At the top of the Kemmelberg there is a commemorative war memorial, the Monument aux soldats français, constructed in 1932 and inaugurated by French general and war hero Lacappelle. The memorial column is 17 meter high and depicts the Roman victory goddess Victoria. In the area, the monument is colloquially called "The Angel".

Cycling

The steep cobbled roads over the hill are often featured in cycling races, especially in the Flemish spring classics. The climb is often a decisive location in Gent–Wevelgem, but is also often included in the Four Days of Dunkirk, the Three Days of De Panne, Three Days of West Flanders and the Tour de l'Eurométropole. In 1950 the Kemmelberg was included in the route of the World Championship, won by Belgian local and cycling icon Briek Schotte.