Kim Hyong-jik
Kim Hyong-jik | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Born | 10 July 1894 |
| Died | 5 June 1926 (aged 31) |
| Spouse | Kang Pan-sok |
| Children | Kim Il-sung Kim Yong-ju |
| Parent(s) | Kim Bo-hyon Li Bo Ik |
| Kim Hyong-jik | |
| Chosŏn'gŭl | 김형직 |
|---|---|
| Hancha | 金亨稷 |
| Revised Romanization | Gim Hyeong-jik |
| McCune–Reischauer | Kim Hyŏng-jik |
Kim Hyŏng-jik (10 July 1894 – 5 June 1926) was a Korean independence activist. He was the father of North Korean founder Kim Il-sung, grandfather of Kim Jong-il, and great-grandfather of the current leader of North Korea, Kim Jong-un.
Biography
Little is known about Hyong-jik. Born on 10 July 1894,[1] in the small village of Mangyungdai, situated on top of a peak called "Mungyungbong" (translated as "All Seeing Peak") located just 12 kilometers down stream on the Diadong River from the city of Pyongyang, Kim was the son of Kim Bo-hyon (金輔鉉, 1871–1955).[2][3] Kim attended Sungshil School, which was run by American missionaries, and became a teacher and later an herbal pharmacist. He died as a result of numerous medical problems, including third-degree frostbite.
Kim Hyong-jik and his wife attended Christian churches,[4] and Kim even served as a part-time Protestant missionary.[5] It was reported that his son, Kim Il-sung, attended church services during his teenage years before becoming an atheist later in life.[4]
Kim Il-sung spoke a lot of his father's idea of chiwŏn (righteous aspirations).
Kim Jong-Il's official government biography states that Kim Hyong-jik was "the leader of the anti-Japanese national liberation movement and was a pioneer in shifting the direction from the nationalist movement to the communist movement in Korea."[citation needed] This is widely disputed among foreign academics and independent sources, who claim that Kim Hyong-jik's opposition was little more than general grievances with life under the Japanese occupation.[citation needed] Kim Il-sung claimed his ancestors, including his grandfather Kim Bo-hyon and great-grandfather Kim Un-u (1848–1878) were involved in the General Sherman incident, but this is also disputed and believed to be a fabrication.
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Notes:
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References
- ^ Baik Bpong, Kim Il Sung, Volume I: From Birth to the Triumphant Return to the Homeland (Dar al-Talia Publishers: Beirut Lebanon, 1973) p. 19.
- ^ Hyung-chan Kim (2003). "Kim Jong Il's North Korea and Its Survivability". Korea and World Affairs. 27. Korea: Pʻyŏnghwa Tʻongil Yŏnʼguso: 251. ISSN 0251-3072. OCLC 3860590.
One also has to accept the existence of Kim Bo-hyeon (1871–1955), Kim Il-sung's grandfather, who participated in anti-Japanese activities.
- ^ Gourevitch, Philip (September 8, 2003). "Alone in the dark". The New Yorker. Archived from the original on December 29, 2013.
{{cite web}}: Unknown parameter|deadurl=ignored (|url-status=suggested) (help) - ^ a b "Kim Il Sung killer file". Moreorless : Heroes and killers of the 20th century.
- ^ Lankov, Andrei (2011-08-17). "Kim Il-sung: disastrous founder of communist N. Korea". Korea Times. Retrieved 2016-08-02.
Further reading
- April 15th Writing Staff, Central Committee of Korean Writers' Union. Dawn of a New Age: A Novel. Vol. 1. Pyongyang: Foreign Languages Publishing House. OCLC 154676863.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link) - The Party History Institute of the C. C. Of the Workers' Party of Korea (1973). Kim Hyong Jik: Indomitable Anti-Japanese Revolutionary Fighter. Pyongyang: Foreign Languages Publishing House. OCLC 252037406.
- Ponghwa Revolutionary Site. The Korean Preparatory Committee for the 13th WFTYS. 1988. KPEA 2JB070.