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Kinross-shire

Coordinates: 56°15′N 3°25′W / 56.250°N 3.417°W / 56.250; -3.417
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For the Westminster constituency, see Kinross-shire (UK Parliament constituency).

Template:Infobox Scotland county The County of Kinross is a historic county and registration county in eastern Scotland, administered as part of Perth and Kinross since 1930.[1] Surrounding its largest settlement and county town of Kinross, the county borders Perthshire to the north, Fife to the east and south, and Clackmannanshire to the west.

Scotland's second smallest county, Kinross-shire is dominated by Loch Leven, a large inland loch, with two islands and an internationally important nature reserve. One of the islands contains a castle, where Mary, Queen of Scots was once held prisoner. Much of the land in Kinross-shire is fertile agricultural land and most of the inhabitants were originally employed in farming. The gently-rolling farmland surrounding Loch Leven gives way to steep, more rugged terrain at the outskirts of the county.

History

The shire or sheriffdom of Kinross was formed in the thirteenth century when the two parishes of Kinross and Orwell were removed from the Fothriff area of Fife. Cleish, Portmoak and Tullibole were added by act of parliament in 1685.[2][3] As local government in Scotland evolved, Kinross-shire gained a county council in 1890, which was later amalgamated with Perth County Council under the Local Government (Scotland) Act 1929.

The county suffered a decline in population in the 19th and 20th centuries, as its inhabitants migrated to the cities to find work in manufacturing, etc. The population in 1891 was 6,673; in 1971 it was 6,423. The decline was hastened by the closure of the railways in the county soon after the Second World War. However, in recent years, construction of the M90 motorway north of the Forth Road Bridge has resulted in the area becoming more prominent. Tourism has increased, with visitors attracted by the unspoiled country villages and gently rolling hills reaching the shores of Loch Leven. The villages of Kinnesswood and Scotlandwell are attractive, and there are ancient standing stones at Orwell. The T in the Park music festival has been held in Balado since 1993, becoming a major annual event.

The economic outlook of Kinross-shire has improved and was recorded in 2009 as having an estimated population of 12,997. In addition, it outperformed both the Perth and Kinross area and Scotland averages in economic performance.[4] The area is promoted by the Kinross-shire Partnership, a body bringing together local government, tourist organisations and local organisations.[1][5]

Subdivisions

Burgh of Kinross

Kinross-shire contained only one burgh, Kinross. The burgh was originally created a burgh of barony in 1540/1 and became a burgh of regality in 1685. In 1864 it became a police burgh with an elected town council. It continued to exist until 1975.

Civil parishes

The civil parishes of Kinross-shire from 1891. The burgh of Kinross is shown in red, Loch Leven in blue.

The county was anciently divided into a number of parishes: Cleish, Orwell (containing the market town of Milnathort), Kinross and Portmoak were entirely in Kinross-shire. The parishes of Arngask, Fossoway, Tulliebole and Forgandenny were partly in Perthshire. From 1845 they were used for local government purposes and governed by parochial boards.

The Local Government (Scotland) Act 1889 created a boundary commission to ensure that all civil parishes lay within a single county. After the boundary changes the county contained five parishes: Fossoway (No. 1 on map), Orwell (2), Kinross (3), Portmoak (4) and Cleish (5).

From 1894 elected parish councils replaced the parochial boards. These in turn were abolished in 1930, and the powers they had exercised passed to the county council. Parishes continue to be used today for statistical purposes, though they no longer have any administrative function.

Parliamentary constituency

From 1426 the county returned one member to the Parliament of Scotland.

Main article: Kinross-shire (Parliament of Scotland constituency)

Following the Act of Union, Kinross-shire returned members to the House of Commons in Westminster. Due to its small population, it was never a constituency in its own right: instead it alternated with Clackmannanshire, a member being returned for one county at one parliament and for the other at the next.

Main article: Kinross-shire (UK Parliament constituency)

The Representation of the People (Scotland) Act 1832 merged the two counties into a single constituency, Clackmannanshire and Kinross-shire.

In 1918, House of Commons seats were redistributed, and Kinross-shire was combined with part of Perthshire to form the constituency of Kinross and Western Perthshire. This constituency continued in existence until 1983.

Coat of arms

The Kinross County Council received a grant of arms from Lord Lyon King of Arms on 18 May 1927. The arms depict Loch Leven Castle. The motto adopted was "for all time": at the time of the grant the county council was campaigning to retain its independence from its larger neighbour Perthshire.[6]

When Perth and Kinross District Council was granted arms in 1977, the Kinross-shire arms were placed on an inescutcheon, or small shield, in the centre of the new arms.[7] These arms continue in use by the current Perth and Kinross Council.

Surnames

Most common surnames in Kinross-shire at the time of the United Kingdom Census of 1881,[8] by order of incidence:

References

  1. ^ a b http://www.pkc.gov.uk/NR/rdonlyres/DA8FF87D-D891-4EFD-8822-ED80961EA94B/0/06292.pdf
  2. ^ Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "Kinross-shire" . Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 15 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 824.
  3. ^ Text of the 1685 Act from The Annals of Kinross-shire by Dr. Ebenezer Henderson (Fossoway and District Community Council
  4. ^ http://www.pkc.gov.uk/Council+and+government/Council+information+performance+and+statistics/Statistics+facts+and+figures/Ward+Profiles/Ward+8+-+Kinross-shire/Ward+8+-+Kinross-shire.htm
  5. ^ glenfeargach/watson. "Kinross-shire Partnership - Home page". www.kinross.cc.
  6. ^ R.M. Urquhart, Scottish Burgh and County Heraldry, London, 1973
  7. ^ R.M. Urquhart, Scottish Civic Heraldry, London, 1979
  8. ^ "Kinross-shire Genealogy Resources & Parish Registers". forebears.co.uk.

56°15′N 3°25′W / 56.250°N 3.417°W / 56.250; -3.417

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