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List of Mayflower passengers

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Mayflower in Plymouth Harbor by William Halsall (1882)

This is a list of the passengers on board the Mayflower during its trans-Atlantic voyage of September 6 – November 9, 1620, the majority of them becoming the settlers of Plymouth Colony in what is now Massachusetts. Of the passengers, 37 were members of the separatist Leiden congregation seeking to create a foundation of Christianity according to their own theology in the New World.[1] The Mayflower launched with 102 passengers - 74 male and 28 female - and a crew headed by Master Christopher Jones. About half of these emigrants died in the first winter. Many Americans can trace their ancestry back to one or more of these individuals who, 'Saints' and 'Strangers' together, would become known as the Pilgrims.

Thirteen of the eighteen servants listed were attached to Leiden families, the other five were families who boarded in London. Four of those listed were small children, given over by Samuel More to Thomas Weston and then to agents John Carver and Robert Cushman, who assigned them to senior Mayflower Pilgrims to be classed as indentured servants. This was all due to scandal involving the children's mother and her husband Samuel's effort to dispose of the children by sending them away to the Colony of Virginia. Long ago, Richard More and his siblings were thought to have been parentless London street waifs, but in 1959 a 1622 document revealed their being the product of an adulterous relationship as the reason why the children were sent abroad on the Mayflower.[2]

Members of the Leiden, Holland Congregation

Provincetown memorial to Pilgrims who died in Cape Cod Harbor.
List of Mayflower passengers at the National Monument to the Forefathers

Note: Asterisk on any name indicates those who died in the winter of 1620–21

Servants of the Leiden Congregation

  • Butten, William*, (possibly Nottingham) age: "a youth", indentured servant of Samuel Fuller, died during the voyage. He was the first passenger to die – on November 16, three days before Cape Cod was sighted. His burial place is unknown – he might have been buried at sea or after reaching Cape Cod, buried ashore there in an unmarked grave, as would soon after be the fate of Ellen More and her brother Jasper. Graves were unmarked to prevent Indians from knowing of their company's deaths and from disturbing the bodies.[22]
  • --?--, Dorothy, teenager, maidservant of John Carver.
  • Hooke, John*, (probably Norwich, Norfolk) age 13, apprenticed to Isaac Allerton, died during the first winter.
  • Howland, John, (Fenstanton, Huntingdonshire), about 21, manservant and executive assistant for Governor John Carver.[23]
  • Latham, William, (possibly Lancashire), age 11, servant/apprentice to the John Carver family.[24]
  • Minter, Desire, (Norwich, Norfolk), a servant of John Carver whose parents died in Leiden.[25][26]
Mayflower plaque in St. James Church in Shipton, Shropshire commemorating the More children baptism. Courtesy of Phil Revell
  • More, Ellen (Elinor)*, Shipton, Shropshire),[27] age 8, assigned as a servant of Edward Winslow. She died from illness sometime in November 1620 soon after the arrival of Mayflower in Cape Cod harbor and likely was buried ashore there in an unmarked grave.[28]
  • More, Jasper*, (Shipton, Shropshire),[27] age 7, indentured to John Carver. He died from illness on board Mayflower on December 6, 1620 and likely was buried ashore on Cape Cod in an unmarked grave.[28]
  • More, Richard, (Shipton, Shropshire),[27] age 6, indentured to William Brewster. Richard More is buried in what was known as the Charter Street Burial Ground but is now the Burying Point/Charter Street Cemetery in Salem, Massachusetts. He is the only Mayflower passenger to have his gravestone still where it was originally placed sometime in the mid-1690s. Also buried nearby in the same cemetery were his two wives, Christian Hunter More and Jane (Crumpton) More.[28][29]
  • More, Mary*, (Shipton, Shropshire),[27] age 6, assigned as a servant of William Brewster. She died sometime in the winter of 1620/1621. Her burial place is unknown, but may have been on Cole's Hill in Plymouth in an unmarked grave as with so many others buried there that winter. As with her sister Ellen, she is recognized on the Pilgrim Memorial Tomb in Plymouth, misidentified after her sister's name as "and a brother (children)" – the statement of calling her "a brother" mistakenly coming from William Bradford's failing memory years after the event of her death.[28]
  • Soule, George, (possibly Bedforshire),[30] 21–25, servant or employee of Edward Winslow.[self-published source?]
  • Story, Elias*, age under 21, in the care of Edward Winslow.
  • Wilder, Roger*, age under 21, servant in the John Carver family.

In all, there were 102 passengers on the Mayflower – 74 males and 28 females.

Passengers recruited by Thomas Weston, of London Merchant Adventurers

Servants of Merchant Adventurers passengers

  • Carter, Robert*, (possibly Surrey),[36] Teenager, servant or apprentice to William Mullins, shoemaker.[self-published source?]
  • Doty, Edward, (possibly Lincolnshire) age probably about 21, servant to Stephen Hopkins.
  • Holbeck, William*, age likely under 21, servant to William White.
  • Langemore, John*, age under 21, servant to the Christopher Martin.
  • Leister, Edward also spelled Leitster. (possibly vicinity of London), aged over 21, servant to Stephen Hopkins.[37]
  • Thompson/Thomson, Edward*, age under 21, in the care of the William White family, first passenger to die after the Mayflower reached Cape Cod.

Mayflower officers and crew

According to author Charles Edward Banks, the Mayflower had fourteen officers consisting of the master, four mates, four quartermasters, surgeon, carpenter, cooper, cook, boatswain, gunner and about thirty-six men before the mast, making a total of fifty. Other authors in more recent times estimate a crew of about thirty. The entire crew stayed with the Mayflower in Plymouth through the winter of 1620–21. During that time, about half of the crew died. The crewmen that survived returned on the Mayflower which sailed for London on April 5, 1621.[38][39][40][41][42]

Known crew members

  • Christopher Jones – Captain
  • John Clarke – First Mate and Pilot
  • Robert Coppin – Second Mate and Pilot
  • Giles Heale – ship's surgeon, identified with the separatists. He is not counted as one of the 102 passengers.
  • Andrew Williamson – Seaman
  • John Parker – Seaman
  • Master Leaver – Seaman[43]

Ship crewmen hired to stay one year

  • John Alden – He was a 21-year-old from Harwich, Essex as was Master Jones. He was both a crewman and ship's cooper with the very important task of maintaining the ship's barrels. In these were stored the only source of Mayflower food and drink while at sea, and tending them required a crew member's attention. He was given the choice of remaining in the colony or returning to England. He decided to remain.[44][45]
  • John Allerton* – A Mayflower seaman hired as colony labor for one year. He was then to return to Leiden to assist church members with travel to America. He died sometime before the Mayflower departed for England on April 5, 1621.[46]
  • ____ Ely – A Mayflower seaman contracted to stay for one year. He returned to England on the Fortune in December 1621 along with William Trevor. Dr. Jeremy Bangs believes his name was either John or Christopher Ely, or Ellis, who are documented in Leiden records.[47][48]
  • Thomas English* – A Mayflower seaman hired to be master of the ship's shallop. He died sometime before the departure of the Mayflower for England on April 5, 1621.[49][50]
  • William Trevore – A Mayflower seaman with prior New World experience hired to work in the colony for one year. He returned to England on the Fortune in December 1621 along with Ely and others. By 1650 he had returned to New England.[51][52][53][self-published source?]

Note: Asterisk on any name indicates those who died in the winter of 1620–21.

Animals on board

At least two dogs are known to have participated in the settling of Plymouth. In Mourt's Relation Edward Winslow writes that a female mastiff and a small springer spaniel came ashore on the first explorations of what is now Provincetown.[54] The ship was believed to have small domestic animals such as goats and pigs on board as well as chickens. Larger domestic animals such as cows and sheep came later.'[55]

See also

References

  1. ^ Bradford, William (1856). History of Plymouth Plantation. Boston: Privately Printed. p. 24.
  2. ^ Donald F. Harris, PhD. The Mayflower Descendant (July 1993) vol. 43 p. 123-4 and (January and July 1994 vol. 44 p. 110-113
  3. ^ Caleb H. Johnson, The Mayflower and her passengers (Indiana:Xlibris Corp., Caleb Johnson, 2006) p. 59[self-published source?]
  4. ^ Locations of birth for Mayflower passengers follow Caleb Johnson's list as found at Mayflower History.com Archived 2006-09-05 at the Wayback Machine. Retrieved August 29, 2006.
  5. ^ Eugene Aubrey Stratton. Plymouth Colony: Its History and People, 1620–1691, (Ancestry Publishing, Salt Lake City, UT, 1986) p. 234
  6. ^ Caleb H. Johnson, The Mayflower and her passengers (Indiana:Xlibris Corp., Caleb Johnson, 2006) p. 91[self-published source?]
  7. ^ Caleb H. Johnson, The Mayflower and her passengers (Indiana:Xlibris Corp., Caleb Johnson, 2006) p. 107[self-published source?]
  8. ^ Caleb H. Johnson, The Mayflower and her passengers (Indiana:Xlibris Corp., Caleb Johnson, 2006) p. 115[self-published source?]
  9. ^ a b Division of passengers by category generally follows Appendix I of Saints and Strangers by George F. Willison with some exceptions.[self-published source]
  10. ^ a b Humility Cooper and Henry Sampson were both children who joined their uncle and aunt Edward and Ann Tilley for the voyage. Willison lists them as "strangers" because they were not members of the church at Leiden; however, as children they would have been under their aunt and uncle who were members of that group.
  11. ^ Caleb H. Johnson, The Mayflower and her passengers (Indiana:Xlibris Corp., Caleb Johnson, 2006) p. 130[self-published source?]
  12. ^ Caleb H. Johnson, The Mayflower and her passengers (Indiana:Xlibris Corp., Caleb Johnson, 2006) p. 142[self-published source?]
  13. ^ A genealogical profile of Edward Fuller
  14. ^ Pilgrim Village Family Sketch Edward Fuller New England Genealogical Historic Society
  15. ^ Caleb H. Johnson, The Mayflower and her passengers (Indiana:Xlibris Corp., Caleb Johnson, 2006) p. 154[self-published source?]
  16. ^ Caleb H. Johnson, The Mayflower and her passengers (Indiana:Xlibris Corp., Caleb Johnson, 2006) p. 239[self-published source?]
  17. ^ Caleb H. Johnson, The Mayflower and her passengers (Indiana:Xlibris Corp., Caleb Johnson, 2006) p. 243[self-published source?]
  18. ^ a b c d Ruth Wilder Sherman, CG, FASG, and Robert Moody Sherman, CG, FASG, Mayflower Families Through Five Generations, Family of William White, Vol. 13, 3rd edition (Pub. by General Society of Mayflower Descendants 2006) pg. 3.
  19. ^ RBN592J
  20. ^ Nathaniel Philbrick. Mayflower: A story of Courage, Community and War (Viking 2006) p. 104
  21. ^ Caleb H. Johnson, The Mayflower and her passengers (Indiana:Xlibris Corp., Caleb Johnson, 2006) p. 250[self-published source?]
  22. ^ Caleb H. Johnson, The Mayflower and her passengers (Indiana:Xlibris Corp., Caleb Johnson, 2006) p. 105[self-published source?]
  23. ^ Caleb H. Johnson, The Mayflower and her passengers (Indiana:Xlibris Corp., Caleb Johnson, 2006) p. 169[self-published source?]
  24. ^ Caleb H. Johnson, The Mayflower and her passengers (Indiana:Xlibris Corp., Caleb Johnson, 2006) p. 177[self-published source?]
  25. ^ Caleb H. Johnson, The Mayflower and her passengers (Indiana:Xlibris Corp., Caleb Johnson, 2006) p. 187[self-published source?]
  26. ^ A genealogical profile of John Carver (a collaboration of Plimoth Plantation and New England Historic Genealogical Society accessed 2013-04-21) Archived 2012-11-01 at the Wayback Machine[self-published source]
  27. ^ a b c d Caleb H. Johnson, The Mayflower and her passengers (Indiana:Xlibris Corp., Caleb Johnson, 2006) p.190[self-published source?]
  28. ^ a b c d David Lindsay, Mayflower Bastard: A Stranger amongst the Pilgrims (St. Martins Press, New York, 2002) p. 27[self-published source]
  29. ^ Memorial for The More children [1]
  30. ^ Caleb H. Johnson, The Mayflower and her passengers (Indiana:Xlibris Corp., Caleb Johnson, 2006) p. 205[self-published source?]
  31. ^ Caleb H. Johnson, The Mayflower and her passengers (Indiana:Xlibris Corp., Caleb Johnson, 2006) p. 3[self-published source?]
  32. ^ Caleb H. Johnson, The Mayflower and her passengers (Indiana:Xlibris Corp., Caleb Johnson, 2006) p. 73[self-published source?]
  33. ^ Caleb H. Johnson, The Mayflower and her passengers (Indiana:Xlibris Corp., Caleb Johnson, 2006) p. 138[self-published source?]
  34. ^ Caleb H. Johnson, The Mayflower and her passengers (Indiana:Xlibris Corp., Caleb Johnson, 2006) p. 182[self-published source?]
  35. ^ Caleb H. Johnson, The Mayflower and her passengers (Indiana:Xlibris Corp., Caleb Johnson, 2006) p. 200[self-published source?]
  36. ^ Caleb H. Johnson, The Mayflower and her passengers (Indiana:Xlibris Corp., Caleb Johnson, 2006) p. 106[self-published source?]
  37. ^ William Bradford. History of Plymouth Plantation by William Bradford, the second Governor of Plymouth (Boston. 1856 Not in copyright) p. 455
  38. ^ Charles Edward Banks, The English Ancestry and Homes of the Pilgrim Fathers: who came to Plymouth on the Mayflower in 1620, the Fortune in 1621, and the Anne and the Little James in 1623 (Baltimore, MD.:Genealogical Publishing Co., 2006) pp 18–19
  39. ^ Caleb H. Johnson, The Mayflower and her passengers (Indiana:Xlibris Corp., Caleb Johnson, 2006) p. 33[self-published source?]
  40. ^ Eugene Aubrey Stratton, Plymouth Colony: Its History and People, 1620–1691 (Salt Lake City:Ancestry Publishing 1986) p. 21[self-published source]
  41. ^ Nick Bunker, Making Haste from Babylon: The Mayflower Pilgrims and their New World a History (New York: Knopf 2010), p. 31
  42. ^ Nathaniel Philbrick, Mayflower: A Story of Courage, Community and War, (Penguin Books 2006) p. 25
  43. ^ David Beale, The Mayflower Pilgrims: Roots of Puritan, Presbyterian, Congregationalist, and Baptist Heritage (Greenville, SC.:Ambassador-Emerald International, 2000) pp. 121–122
  44. ^ Caleb H. Johnson, The Mayflower and her passengers (Indiana:Xlibris Corp., Caleb Johnson, 2006) pp. 34, 36[self-published source?]
  45. ^ Charles Edward Banks, The English Ancestry and Homes of the Pilgrim Fathers: who came to Plymouth on the Mayflower in 1620, the Fortune in 1621, and the Anne and the Little James in 1623 (Baltimore, MD.:Genealogical Publishing Co., 2006) pp. 7, 19, 27–28[self-published source]
  46. ^ Eugene Aubrey Stratton, Plymouth Colony: Its History and People, 1620–1691 (Salt Lake City:Ancestry Publishing 1986) pp. 21, 234
  47. ^ Eugene Aubrey Stratton, Plymouth Colony: Its History and People, 1620–1691 (Salt Lake City:Ancestry Publishing 1986) pp. 21, 289
  48. ^ Caleb H. Johnson, The Mayflower and her passengers (Indiana:Xlibris Corp., Caleb Johnson, 2006) pp. 71, 72, 141[self-published source?]
  49. ^ Eugene Aubrey Stratton, Plymouth Colony: Its History and People, 1620–1691 (Salt Lake City:Ancestry Publishing 1986) p. 289
  50. ^ Caleb H. Johnson, The Mayflower and her passengers (Indiana:Xlibris Corp., Caleb Johnson, 2006) p. 141[self-published source?]
  51. ^ Caleb H. Johnson, The Mayflower and her passengers (Indiana:Xlibris Corp., Caleb Johnson, 2006) pp. 240–242[self-published source?]
  52. ^ Eugene Aubrey Stratton, Plymouth Colony: Its History and People, 1620–1691 (Salt Lake City:Ancestry Publishing 1986) pp. 22, 364[self-published source]
  53. ^ Charles Edward Banks, The English Ancestry and Homes of the Pilgrim Fathers: who came to Plymouth on the Mayflower in 1620, the Fortune in 1621, and the Anne and the Little James in 1623 (Baltimore, MD.:Genealogical Publishing Co., 2006) p. 90
  54. ^ Famous Pets History "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 2005-03-25. Retrieved 2005-10-03. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
  55. ^ "Animals".

Mayflower passengers from William Bradford's Of Plymouth Plantation, 1650.

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