List of stoffs
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During World War II, Germany fielded many aircraft and rockets whose fuels, and oxidizers, were designated (letter)-Stoff.
In German, Stoff means roughly the same thing as English "material", "substance" and through its translation as a calque noun from German to English as "stuff", the German form derives ultimately from the Old French word estoffe (meaning cloth or material). Stoff has as broad a range of meanings, ranging from "chemical substance" to "cloth", depending on the context. The common elements (hydrogen, oxygen, carbon and nitrogen) are named respectively Wasserstoff, Sauerstoff, Kohlenstoff and Stickstoff in German. Stoff was used in chemical code names in both World War I and World War II. Some code names were reused between the wars and had different meanings at different times; for example, T-Stoff meant a rocket propellant in World War II, but a tear gas (xylyl bromide) in World War I. The following list refers to the World War II aerospace meanings if not noted otherwise.
- A-Stoff (World War I): chloroacetone (tear gas)[1]
- A-Stoff (World War II): liquid oxygen (LOX)
- B-Stoff: hydrazine or 75% ethanol / 25% water (used in the V-2)
- Bn-Stoff (World War I): bromomethyl ethyl ketone, homomartonite (tear gas)[1]
- Br-Stoff: Ligroin extracted from crude gasoline
- C-Stoff: 57% methanol / 30% hydrazine / 13% water / small amount of Catalyst 431 potassium-cuprous cyanide coordination polymer
- F-Stoff: titanium tetrachloride
- K-Stoff: methyl chloroformate
- M-Stoff: methanol
- N-Stoff: chlorine trifluoride
- R-Stoff or Tonka: 57% monoxylidene oxide / 43% triethylamine
- S-Stoff: 90% nitric acid / 10% sulfuric acid or 96% nitric acid / 4% ferric chloride (The ferric chloride acted as a catalyst.[2])
- SV-Stoff or Salbei (sage): 94% nitric acid / 6% dinitrogen tetroxide or 85% nitric acid / 15% sulfuric acid
- (There was also an experimental variant of S/SV-Stoff containing 90% nitric acid and 10% perchloric acid)
- T-Stoff (World War I): xylyl bromide tear gas[1]
- T-Stoff (World War II): 80% concentrated hydrogen peroxide / small amounts of 8-Hydroxyquinoline / 20% water used as hypergolic oxidizer with C-Stoff, or as monopropellant or power source with Z-Stoff
- U-Stoff: dinitrogen tetroxide
- X-Stoff: tetranitromethane
- XU-Stoff: 70% (by weight) X-Stoff (tetranitromethane) / 30% (by weight) U-Stoff (dinitrogen tetroxide)
- Z-Stoff: calcium permanganate / sodium permanganate / water
References
- ^ a b c Ford, Brian J.,Secret Weapons, 2011, p.33 ISBN 978 1 84908 390 4
- ^ Clark, John D. (1972). "9: What Ivan Was Doing". Ignition! An Informal History of Liquid Rocket Propellants (PDF). Rutgers University Press. p. 116. ISBN 0813507251.
External links
- www.warbirdsresourcegroup.org — Fuels used by German rocket engines
- IBWiki, Rocket fuels
- Die Tarnnummern des Reichsluftfahrtministeriums (in German)