List of the most intense tropical cyclones
In the available records, a total of 70 tropical cyclones attained a pressure of less than 900 hPa (mbar) (26.56 inHg), most of which occurred in the Western North Pacific Ocean. The strongest tropical cyclone recorded worldwide, as measured by minimum central pressure, was Typhoon Tip, which reached a pressure of 870 hPa (25.69 inHg) on October 12, 1979.[1] The following list is subdivided by basins. Data listed are provided by the official Regional Specialized Meteorological Centre, unless otherwise noted.
North Atlantic Ocean
Storms with an intensity of 925 hPa (27.32 inHg) or less are listed.
| Cyclone | Season | Peak 1-min sustained winds |
Pressure | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| "Cuba" | 1924 | 270 km/h (165 mph) | 910 hPa (26.87 inHg) | |
| "Cuba" | 1932 | 280 km/h (175 mph) | 918 hPa (27.11 inHg) | |
| "Labor Day" | 1935 | 295 km/h (185 mph) | 892 hPa (26.34 inHg) | |
| Janet | 1955 | 280 km/h (175 mph) | 914 hPa (26.99 inHg) | |
| Hattie | 1961 | 260 km/h (160 mph) | 920 hPa (27.17 inHg) | |
| Camille | 1969 | 280 km/h (175 mph) | 900 hPa (26.58 inHg) | |
| Allen | 1980 | 305 km/h (190 mph) | 899 hPa (26.55 inHg) | |
| Gloria | 1985 | 230 km/h (145 mph) | 919 hPa (27.14 inHg) | |
| Gilbert | 1988 | 295 km/h (185 mph) | 888 hPa (26.22 inHg) | |
| Hugo | 1989 | 260 km/h (160 mph) | 918 hPa (27.11 inHg) | |
| Andrew | 1992 | 280 km/h (175 mph) | 922 hPa (27.23 inHg) | |
| Opal | 1995 | 240 km/h (150 mph) | 916 hPa (27.05 inHg) | |
| Mitch | 1998 | 285 km/h (180 mph) | 905 hPa (26.72 inHg) | |
| Isabel | 2003 | 270 km/h (165 mph) | 915 hPa (27.02 inHg) | |
| Ivan | 2004 | 270 km/h (165 mph) | 910 hPa (26.87 inHg) | |
| Katrina | 2005 | 280 km/h (175 mph) | 902 hPa (26.64 inHg) | |
| Rita | 2005 | 285 km/h (180 mph) | 895 hPa (26.43 inHg) | |
| Wilma | 2005 | 295 km/h (185 mph) | 882 hPa (26.05 inHg) | |
| Dean | 2007 | 280 km/h (175 mph) | 905 hPa (26.72 inHg) | |
| Source: Atlantic Hurricane Best Track File 1851–2023 [2] | ||||
Eastern Pacific Ocean
Storms with an intensity of 922 hPa (27.23 inHg) or less are listed.
| Cyclone | Season | Peak 1-min sustained winds |
Pressure | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ava | 1973 | 260 km/h (160 mph) | 915 hPa (27.02 inHg) | |
| Gilma | 1994 | 260 km/h (160 mph) | 920 hPa (27.17 inHg) | |
| Guillermo | 1997 | 260 km/h (160 mph) | 919 hPa (27.14 inHg) | |
| Linda | 1997 | 295 km/h (185 mph) | 902 hPa (26.64 inHg) | |
| Elida | 2002 | 260 km/h (160 mph) | 921 hPa (27.20 inHg) | |
| Hernan | 2002 | 260 km/h (160 mph) | 921 hPa (27.20 inHg) | |
| Kenna | 2002 | 270 km/h (165 mph) | 913 hPa (26.96 inHg) | |
| Ioke | 2006 | 260 km/h (160 mph) | 915 hPa (27.02 inHg) | |
| Rick | 2009 | 285 km/h (180 mph) | 906 hPa (26.75 inHg) | |
| Celia | 2010 | 260 km/h (160 mph) | 921 hPa (27.20 inHg) | |
| Marie | 2014 | 260 km/h (160 mph) | 918 hPa (27.11 inHg) | |
| Odile | 2014 | 220 km/h (135 mph) | 922 hPa (27.23 inHg) | |
| Source: East Pacific Hurricane Best Track File 1851–2023 [3] | ||||
Western North Pacific Ocean
_peak_intensity.jpg)
.png)
Storms with a minimum pressure below 900 hPa (26.58 inHg) are listed.
| Cyclone | Year | Peak 10-min sustained winds |
Pressure | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Clara | 1950 | Not Specified | 899 hPa (26.55 inHg) | |
| Marge | 1951 | Not Specified | 886 hPa (26.16 inHg) | |
| Nina | 1953 | Not Specified | 885 hPa (26.13 inHg) | |
| Tess | 1953 | Not Specified | 900 hPa (26.58 inHg) | |
| Ida | 1954 | Not Specified | 890 hPa (26.28 inHg) | |
| Pamela | 1954 | Not Specified | 900 hPa (26.58 inHg) | |
| Virginia | 1957 | Not Specified | 900 hPa (26.58 inHg) | |
| Lola | 1957 | Not Specified | 900 hPa (26.58 inHg) | |
| Ida | 1958 | Not Specified | 877 hPa (25.90 inHg) | |
| Vera | 1959 | Not Specified | 895 hPa (26.43 inHg) | |
| Joan | 1959 | Not Specified | 885 hPa (26.13 inHg) | |
| Nancy | 1961 | Not Specified | 882 hPa (26.05 inHg) | |
| Violet | 1961 | Not Specified | 895 hPa (26.43 inHg) | |
| Emma | 1962 | Not Specified | 890 hPa (26.28 inHg) | |
| Karen | 1962 | Not Specified | 894 hPa (26.40 inHg) | |
| Sally | 1964 | Not Specified | 895 hPa (26.43 inHg) | |
| Wilda | 1964 | Not Specified | 895 hPa (26.43 inHg) | |
| Bess | 1965 | Not Specified | 900 hPa (26.58 inHg) | |
| Kit | 1966 | Not Specified | 880 hPa (25.99 inHg) | |
| Carla | 1967 | Not Specified | 900 hPa (26.58 inHg) | |
| Agnes | 1968 | Not Specified | 900 hPa (26.58 inHg) | |
| Elsie | 1969 | Not Specified | 895 hPa (26.43 inHg) | |
| Viola | 1969 | Not Specified | 900 hPa (26.58 inHg) | |
| Hope | 1970 | Not Specified | 900 hPa (26.58 inHg) | |
| Amy | 1971 | Not Specified | 890 hPa (26.28 inHg) | |
| Nadine | 1971 | Not Specified | 900 hPa (26.58 inHg) | |
| Irma | 1971 | Not Specified | 885 hPa (26.13 inHg) | |
| Patsy | 1973 | Not Specified | 895 hPa (26.43 inHg) | |
| Nora | 1973 | Not Specified | 875 hPa (25.84 inHg) | |
| Nina | 1975 | Not Specified | 900 hPa (26.58 inHg) | |
| Elsie | 1975 | Not Specified | 900 hPa (26.58 inHg) | |
| June | 1975 | Not Specified | 875 hPa (25.84 inHg) | |
| Louise | 1976 | Not Specified | 895 hPa (26.43 inHg) | |
| Rita | 1978 | 220 km/h (140 mph) | 880 hPa (25.99 inHg) | |
| Hope | 1979 | 205 km/h (127 mph) | 870 hPa (25.69 inHg) | |
| Tip | 1979 | 260 km/h (160 mph) | 870 hPa (25.69 inHg) | |
| Wynne | 1980 | 220 km/h (140 mph) | 890 hPa (26.28 inHg) | |
| Elsie | 1981 | 220 km/h (140 mph) | 895 hPa (26.43 inHg) | |
| Bess | 1982 | 230 km/h (143 mph) | 900 hPa (26.58 inHg) | |
| Mac | 1982 | 220 km/h (140 mph) | 895 hPa (26.43 inHg) | |
| Abby | 1983 | 220 km/h (140 mph) | 895 hPa (26.43 inHg) | |
| Forrest | 1983 | 205 km/h (125 mph) | 885 hPa (26.13 inHg) | |
| Marge | 1983 | 205 km/h (125 mph) | 895 hPa (26.43 inHg) | |
| Vanessa | 1984 | 220 km/h (140 mph) | 880 hPa (25.99 inHg) | |
| Dot | 1985 | 220 km/h (140 mph) | 895 hPa (26.43 inHg) | |
| Peggy | 1986 | 205 km/h (127 mph) | 900 hPa (26.58 inHg) | |
| Betty | 1987 | 205 km/h (125 mph) | 890 hPa (26.28 inHg) | |
| Holly | 1987 | 205 km/h (127 mph) | 900 hPa (26.58 inHg) | |
| Flo | 1990 | 220 km/h (140 mph) | 890 hPa (26.28 inHg) | |
| Ruth | 1991 | 215 km/h (130 mph) | 895 hPa (26.43 inHg) | |
| Yuri | 1991 | 220 km/h (140 mph) | 895 hPa (26.43 inHg) | |
| Gay | 1992 | 205 km/h (127 mph) | 900 hPa (26.58 inHg) | |
| Zeb | 1998 | 205 km/h (127 mph) | 900 hPa (26.58 inHg) | |
| Megi | 2010 | 230 km/h (145 mph) | 885 hPa (26.13 inHg) | |
| Sanba | 2012 | 205 km/h (125 mph) | 900 hPa (26.58 inHg) | |
| Haiyan | 2013 | 230 km/h (145 mph) | 895 hPa (26.43 inHg) | |
| Vongfong | 2014 | 215 km/h (130 mph) | 900 hPa (26.58 inHg) | |
| Source:Typhoon information for the Western Pacific ocean.[4] | ||||
North Indian Ocean
Storms with an intensity of 950 hPa (28.1 inHg) or less are listed. Data for storms prior to 1990 is incomplete.[5]
| Cyclone | Season | Peak 3-min sustained winds |
Pressure | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Two | 1963 | 195 km/h (120 mph) | 947 hPa (27.96 inHg) | |
| Three | 1963 | 240 km/h (150 mph) | 920 hPa (27.17 inHg) | |
| 1977 Andhra Pradesh | 1977 | 250 km/h (155 mph) | 919 hPa (27.14 inHg) | |
| Gay | 1989 | 230 km/h (145 mph) | 930 hPa (27.46 inHg) | |
| 1990 Andhra Pradesh | 1990 | 230 km/h (145 mph) | 920 hPa (27.17 inHg) | |
| 1991 Bangladesh | 1991 | 240 km/h (150 mph) | 918 hPa (27.11 inHg) | |
| 1994 BOB 01 | 1994 | 215 km/h (135 mph) | 940 hPa (27.76 inHg) | |
| 1999 Pakistan | 1999 | 195 km/h (120 mph) | 946 hPa (27.94 inHg) | |
| "Paradip" | 1999 | 260 km/h (160 mph) | 912 hPa (26.93 inHg) | |
| 2001 India | 2001 | 215 km/h (135 mph) | 932 hPa (27.52 inHg) | |
| Gonu | 2007 | 235 km/h (145 mph) | 920 hPa (27.17 inHg) | |
| Sidr | 2007 | 215 km/h (135 mph) | 944 hPa (27.88 inHg) | |
| Giri | 2010 | 195 km/h (120 mph) | 950 hPa (28.05 inHg) | |
| Phailin | 2013 | 215 km/h (130 mph) | 940 hPa (27.76 inHg) | |
| Hudhud | 2014 | 185 km/h (115 mph) | 950 hPa (28.05 inHg) | |
| Nilofar | 2014 | 185 km/h (115 mph) | 950 hPa (28.05 inHg) | |
| Source: East Pacific Hurricane Best Track File 1851–2023[6] | ||||
South-West Indian Ocean
Storms with an intensity of 920 hPa (27.17 inHg) or less are listed.
| Cyclone | Season | Peak 10-min sustained winds |
Pressure | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Chris-Damia | 1981–82 | 210 km/h (130 mph)* | 898 hPa (26.52 inHg) | [7] |
| Geralda | 1993–94 | 200 km/h (125 mph)* | 905 hPa (26.72 inHg) | [8] |
| Litanne | 1993–94 | 190 km/h (120 mph)* | 910 hPa (26.87 inHg) | [8] |
| Marlene | 1994–95 | 180 km/h (110 mph)* | 920 hPa (27.17 inHg) | [9] |
| Bonita | 1995–96 | 180 km/h (110 mph)* | 920 hPa (27.17 inHg) | [10] |
| Daniella | 1996–97 | 190 km/h (120 mph)* | 915 hPa (27.02 inHg) | [11] |
| Hudah | 1999-00 | 220 km/h (135 mph)* | 905 hPa (26.72 inHg) | [12] |
| Dina | 2001–02 | 215 km/h (135 mph)* | 910 hPa (26.87 inHg) | [13] |
| Guillaume | 2001–02 | 205 km/h (125 mph)* | 920 hPa (27.17 inHg) | [13] |
| Hary | 2001–02 | 220 km/h (135 mph)* | 905 hPa (26.72 inHg) | [13] |
| Kalunde | 2002–03 | 215 km/h (135 mph)* | 905 hPa (26.72 inHg) | |
| Gafilo | 2003–04 | 230 km/h (145 mph)* | 895 hPa (26.43 inHg) | [14] |
| Adeline-Juliet | 2004–05 | 220 km/h (135 mph)* | 905 hPa (26.72 inHg) | [15] |
| Bento | 2004–05 | 215 km/h (135 mph)* | 915 hPa (27.02 inHg) | [16] |
| Carina | 2005–06 | 205 km/h (125 mph)* | 915 hPa (27.02 inHg) | [17] |
| Hondo | 2007–08 | 215 km/h (135 mph)* | 906 hPa (26.75 inHg) | [18] |
| Edzani | 2009–10 | 220 km/h (135 mph)* | 910 hPa (26.87 inHg) | [19] |
| Bruce | 2013–14 | 230 km/h (145 mph)* | 912 hPa (26.93 inHg) |
Australian Region
Storms with an intensity of 920 hPa (27.17 inHg) or less are listed.
| Cyclone | Season | Peak 10-min sustained winds |
Pressure |
|---|---|---|---|
| Mahina | 1899 | 205 km/h (125 mph) | 914 hPa (26.99 inHg) |
| Joan | 1975–76 | 230 km/h (145 mph) | 915 hPa (27.02 inHg) |
| Amy | 1979–80 | 230 km/h (145 mph) | 915 hPa (27.02 inHg) |
| Vance | 1988–89 | 215 km/h (135 mph) | 910 hPa (26.87 inHg) |
| Orson | 1988–89 | 250 km/h (155 mph) | 904 hPa (26.70 inHg) |
| Theodore | 1993–94 | 200 km/h (125 mph) | 910 hPa (26.87 inHg) |
| Gwenda | 1998–99 | 235 km/h (145 mph) | 900 hPa (26.58 inHg) |
| Inigo | 2002–03 | 240 km/h (150 mph) | 900 hPa (26.58 inHg) |
| Fay | 2003–04 | 215 km/h (130 mph) | 910 hPa (26.87 inHg) |
| Floyd | 2005–06 | 195 km/h (120 mph) | 916 hPa (27.05 inHg) |
| Glenda | 2005–06 | 205 km/h (125 mph) | 910 hPa (26.87 inHg) |
| Monica | 2005–06 | 250 km/h (155 mph) | 916 hPa (27.05 inHg) |
| George | 2006–07 | 205 km/h (125 mph) | 902 hPa (26.64 inHg) |
South Pacific Ocean
Storms with an intensity of 925 hPa (27.3 inHg) or less are listed. Tropical Cyclones that have been recorded since the start of the 1969–70 Tropical Cyclone year and have reached their peak intensity to the west of 160E are included in the list. The most intense tropical cyclone in the south Pacific, is Cyclone Zoe which formed in 2002, is also the most intense storm in the Southern Hemisphere.
| Cyclone | Season | Peak 10-min sustained winds |
Pressure |
|---|---|---|---|
| Oscar | 1982–83 | 205 km/h (125 mph) | 920 hPa (27.17 inHg) |
| Hina | 1984–85 | 220 km/h (135 mph) | 910 hPa (26.87 inHg) |
| Fran | 1991–92 | 205 km/h (125 mph) | 920 hPa (27.17 inHg) |
| Ron | 1997–98 | 230 km/h (145 mph) | 900 hPa (26.58 inHg) |
| Susan | 1997–98 | 230 km/h (145 mph) | 900 hPa (26.58 inHg) |
| Beni | 2002–03 | 205 km/h (125 mph) | 920 hPa (27.17 inHg) |
| Dovi | 2002–03 | 205 km/h (125 mph) | 920 hPa (27.17 inHg) |
| Erica | 2002–03 | 215 km/h (130 mph) | 915 hPa (27.02 inHg) |
| Zoe | 2002–03 | 240 km/h (150 mph) | 890 hPa (26.28 inHg) |
| Heta | 2003–04 | 215 km/h (130 mph) | 915 hPa (27.02 inHg) |
| Meena | 2004–05 | 215 km/h (130 mph) | 915 hPa (27.02 inHg) |
| Olaf | 2004–05 | 230 km/h (145 mph) | 915 hPa (27.02 inHg) |
| Percy | 2004–05 | 230 km/h (145 mph) | 900 hPa (26.58 inHg) |
| Ului | 2009–10 | 215 km/h (130 mph) | 915 hPa (27.02 inHg) |
| Sources:[20] | |||
South Atlantic Ocean
.jpg)
Due to the fact that tropical cyclones in the South Atlantic are rare, there is no official tropical cyclone season for this region. Despite this, there have been several significant tropical cyclones in the South Atlantic region, notably Cyclone Catarina in March 2004. Tropical and subtropical cyclones with an intensity of below 1000 hPa (29.53 inHg) are listed.
| Cyclone | Season | Peak 1-min sustained winds |
Pressure |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1974 South Atlantic | 1974 | 45 km/h (30 mph) | 988 hPa (29.18 inHg) |
| Catarina | 2004 | 155 km/h (100 mph) | 972 hPa (28.70 inHg) |
| Anita | 2010 | 85 km/h (50 mph) | 995 hPa (29.38 inHg) |
| Arani | 2011 | 85 km/h (50 mph) | 989 hPa (29.21 inHg) |
Sources:Cite error: The <ref> tag has too many names (see the help page).
| |||
See also
- Atlantic hurricane season
- Pacific hurricane season
- Pacific typhoon season
- North Indian Ocean tropical cyclone season
- South-West Indian Ocean tropical cyclone season
- Australian region tropical cyclone season
- South Pacific tropical cyclone season
- South Atlantic tropical cyclone
References
- ^ Dunnavan, George M; Diercks, John W (November 1, 1980). "An Analysis of Super Typhoon Tip (October 1979)". Monthly Weather Review. 108 (11): 1915–1923. doi:10.1175/1520-0493(1980)108<1915:AAOSTT>2.0.CO;2. Retrieved February 24, 2013.
- ^ "Atlantic hurricane best track (HURDAT version 2)" (Database). United States National Hurricane Center. April 5, 2023. Retrieved November 18, 2024.
This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain.
- ^ National Hurricane Center; Hurricane Research Division; Central Pacific Hurricane Center (April 26, 2024). "The Northeast and North Central Pacific hurricane database 1949–2023". United States National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's National Weather Service. Archived from the original on May 29, 2024. A guide on how to read the database is available here. This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain.
- ^ "Western North Pacific Typhoon best track file 1951–2024". Japan Meteorological Agency. 2010-01-13. Retrieved 2010-01-13.
- ^ "Best track data of tropical cyclonic disturbances over the north Indian Ocean" (PDF). India Meteorological Department. 2009-07-14. Retrieved 2009-07-16.
- ^ "Tropical Cyclone Best Track Information for the North Indian Ocean 1990–2012". India Meteorological Department. 2012. Retrieved December 22, 2013.
- ^ "Cyclone Damia Best track". Météo-France. 2001-05-16. Retrieved 2010-01-08.
- ^ a b La Reunion Tropical Cyclone Centre. Cyclone Season 1993–1994 in the South-West Indian Ocean (in English/French). Météo France. pp. 42, 65. Retrieved December 22, 2013.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link) - ^ La Reunion Tropical Cyclone Centre. Cyclone Season 1994–1995 in the South-West Indian Ocean (in English/French). Météo France. p. 67. Retrieved December 22, 2013.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link) - ^ La Reunion Tropical Cyclone Centre. Cyclone Season 1995–1996 in the South-West Indian Ocean (in English/French). Météo France. pp. 25, . Retrieved December 22, 2013.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: extra punctuation (link) CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link) - ^ La Reunion Tropical Cyclone Centre. Cyclone Season 1996–1997 in the South-West Indian Ocean (in English/French). Météo France. p. 33. Retrieved December 22, 2013.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link) - ^ La Reunion Tropical Cyclone Centre. Cyclone Season 1999–2000 in the South-West Indian Ocean (in English/French). Météo France. p. 72. ISBN 2-9511665-3-2. Retrieved December 22, 2013.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link) - ^ a b c La Reunion Tropical Cyclone Centre. Cyclone Season 2001–2002 in the South-West Indian Ocean (in English/French). Météo France. p. 4. ISBN 2-9511665-6-7. Retrieved December 22, 2013.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link) - ^ La Reunion Tropical Cyclone Centre. Cyclone Season 2003–2004 in the South-West Indian Ocean (in English/French). Météo France. p. 67. ISBN 2-9511665-8-3. Retrieved December 22, 2013.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link) - ^ La Reunion Tropical Cyclone Centre (November 27, 2009). "Very Intense Tropical Cyclone Adeline-Juliet". Météo France. Retrieved December 22, 2013.
- ^ La Reunion Tropical Cyclone Centre (November 27, 2009). "Intense Tropical Cyclone Bento". Météo France. Retrieved December 22, 2013.
- ^ La Reunion Tropical Cyclone Centre. South-West Indian Ocean Cyclone Season 2005–2006 (in English/French). Météo France. p. 6. ISBN 2-9511665-9-1. Retrieved December 22, 2013.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link) - ^ La Reunion Tropical Cyclone Centre (November 27, 2009). "Very Intense Tropical Cyclone Hondo". Météo France. Retrieved December 22, 2013.
- ^ La Reunion Tropical Cyclone Centre (August 31, 2010). "Very Intense Tropical Cyclone Edzani". Météo France. Retrieved December 22, 2013.
- ^ MetService (May 22, 2009). "TCWC Wellington Best Track Data 1967–2006". International Best Track Archive for Climate Stewardship.[permanent dead link]
External links
- US National Hurricane Center – North Atlantic, Eastern Pacific
- Central Pacific Hurricane Center – Central Pacific
- Japan Meteorological Agency – North West Pacific
- India Meteorological Department – North Indian Ocean
- Météo-France – La Reunion – South-West Indian Ocean from 30°E to 90°E
- Fiji Meteorological Service – South Pacific west of 160°E, north of 25° S
- Indonesian Meteorological Department – South Indian Ocean from 90°E to 125°E, north of 10°S
- Australian Bureau of Meteorology (TCWC's Perth, Darwin & Brisbane). – South Indian Ocean & South Pacific Ocean from 90°E to 160°E, south of 10°S
- Meteorological Service of New Zealand Limited – South Pacific west of 160°E, south of 25°S