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Margaret II, Countess of Hainaut

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"Margaret of Holland" redirects here. For the daughter of Count Floris IV of Holland, see Margaret of Holland, Countess of Henneberg.
Margaret II
Countess of Hainaut and Holland
Tenure1345–1356
Queen consort of Germany
Tenure1324–1347
Holy Roman Empress
Tenure1328–1347
Born1311
Died23 June 1356
(aged 44–45)
Le Quesnoy
Burial
Valenciennes
SpouseLouis IV, Holy Roman Emperor
IssueMargaret, Duchess of Slavonia
Anna, Duchess of Bavaria
Louis VI the Roman
Elisabeth, Countess of Württemberg
William V, Count of Holland
Agnes of Bavaria
Albert of Holland
Otto V the Bavarian
Beatrice, Queen of Sweden
HouseHouse of Wittelsbach (by marriage)
House of Avesnes (by birth)
FatherWilliam I, Count of Hainaut
MotherJoan of Valois
ReligionRoman Catholicism

Margaret II of Avesnes (1311 – 23 June 1356) was Countess of Hainaut and Countess of Holland (as Margaret I) from 1345 to 1356. Margaret was the daughter of William I, Count of Hainaut, and his wife, Joan of Valois. On 26 February 1324 in Cologne she married Emperor Louis IV the Bavarian.

Biography

She succeeded in 1345 her brother William II of Hainaut (William IV) following his death in battle with later Louis IV the Bavarian designating that Hainaut, Holland, Zeeland and Friesland were his wife's possessions.[1] and later these passed to their son William V. Margaret's sisters, including Philippa of Hainaut who was Queen consort of Edward III of England disavowed their hereditary claims.[2] Due to the dangerous hostility of the House of Luxemburg Louis increased his power base ruthlessly. Margaret then returned to Holland in 1346 to secure her position of power but did not manage to prevent the coronation of the Luxemburg Charles IV as anti-king in Aix-la-Chapelle by force.

When Louis IV died on 11 October 1347, he was succeeded by his six sons. In 1349 the brothers decided to partition their possessions; Louis V, Duke of Bavaria kept Brandenburg and Tyrol, he and his younger brothers Louis VI the Roman and Otto V the Bavarian received Upper Bavaria. Stephen II, William and Albert received Lower Bavaria, Holland and Hainaut. Louis V and Stephen were not sons of Margaret and her youngest sons Albert and Otto were still minors. Louis VI released Holland and Hainaut for his brothers William and Albert in 1349 since he expected the Polish crown by his marriage with Cunigunde of Poland. In 1353 also Stephen released Holland and Hainaut to his brother William.

Despite Margaret resigning her sovereignty in favour of her son William,[3] in 1350, the nobles of Holland asked Margaret to return to run Holland again. Her son William refused to pay her alimony so she then battled for the power in Holland and Hainaut for some years with her son. The Cod League was formed on 23 May 1350 by a number of supporters of William. On 5 September of the same year, the Hook League was formed. Soon afterward these factions clashed and a civil war began, known as the Hook and Cod wars.

Edward III of England, Margaret's brother-in-law through her sister Philippa of Hainault, came to her aid, winning a naval engagement off Veere in 1351; a few weeks later the Hooks and their English allies were defeated by William and the Cods at Vlaardingen, a defeat which ruined Margaret's cause. Edward III shortly afterwards changed sides and the empress saw herself compelled (1354) to come to an understanding with her son: he being recognized as count of Holland and Zeeland, she of Hainaut in her lifetime.[4] Margaret's health failed and she died two years later of infectious tuberculosis, leaving William in possession of the entire Holland-Hainaut inheritance.

Family and children

Coats of Arms of the Counts of Hainaut and Holland.

In 1324 she married Louis IV, Holy Roman Emperor. Their children were:

  1. Margaret (1325–1374), married:
    1. in 1351 in Buda Stephen, Duke of Slavonia (d. 1354), son of the King Charles I of Hungary, and had issue;
    2. 1357/58 Gerlach von Hohenlohe.
  2. Anna (c. 1326 – 3 June 1361, Fontenelles) married John I of Lower Bavaria (d. 1340)
  3. Louis VI the Roman (1328–1365), duke of Upper Bavaria, elector of Brandenburg. No issue.
  4. Elisabeth (1329 – 2 August 1402, Stuttgart), married:
    1. Cangrande II della Scala, Lord of Verona (d. 1359) in Verona on 22 November 1350. No issue
    2. Count Ulrich of Württemberg (d. 1388) in 1362. No issue
  5. William V of Holland (1330–1389), as William I duke of Lower Bavaria, as Wiliam V count of Hainaut and Holland. He married Maud of Lancaster but their only daughter died young
  6. Agnes (Munich, 1335 – 11 November 1352, Munich). She became a nun, due to ill health and died young
  7. Albert I of Holland (1336–1404), duke of Lower Bavaria, count of Hainaut and Holland
  8. Otto V the Bavarian (1340–1379), duke of Upper Bavaria, elector of Brandenburg
  9. Beatrice of Bavaria (1344 – 25 December 1359), married bef. 25 October 1356 Eric XII of Sweden
  10. Louis (October 1347 – 1348)

Ancestry

Family of Margaret II, Countess of Hainaut
16. Bouchard IV of Avesnes
8. John I of Avesnes
17. Margaret II, Countess of Flanders
4. John II, Count of Holland
18. Floris IV, Count of Holland
9. Adelaide of Holland
19. Matilde of Brabant
2. William I, Count of Hainaut
20. Waleran III of Limburg
10. Henry V of Luxembourg
21. Ermesinde, Countess of Luxembourg
5. Philippa of Luxembourg
22. Henry II, Count of Bar
11. Margaret of Bar
23. Philippa de Dreux
1. Margaret II, Countess of Hainaut
24. Louis IX of France
12. Philip III of France
25. Margaret of Provence
6. Charles, Count of Valois
26. James I of Aragon
13. Isabella of Aragon
27. Violant of Hungary
3. Joan of Valois
28. Charles I of Naples
14. Charles II of Naples
29. Beatrice of Provence
7. Margaret, Countess of Anjou
30. Stephen V of Hungary
15. Maria of Hungary
31. Elizabeth the Cuman

See also

References

  1. ^ Sury, Geoffroy G., Bayern Straubing Hennegau : la Maison de Bavière en Hainaut, XIVe-XVe s., Brussels, © 2010 (2nd ed.), p. 66. - Template:Lang-fr A parchment dated 7 September 1346 in Frankfurt, of which the seal is destroyed, announces that Louis IV of Bavaria, Emperor of the Holy Germanic Empire bestows for himself and his heirs, in the name of his spouse, the empress Margaret, to never cede, divide or bestow the counties of Hainut, Holland, Zeeland and the palatine of Frisia, which belong to his wife, Margaret II (of Avesnes), Countess of Hainaut and to her heirs, excepting the rights of her sisters and after her death, to William (future William III, Count of Hainaut) Duke (I) of Bavaria, and after his decease to Albert (future Albert I, Count of Hainaut) G. Wymans, Inventaire analytique du chartrier de la Trésorerie des comtes de Hainaut , the State Archives, Palais des Expos, Aux Grands Près, Mons tél. 065/400460 order number (slide) 868, Editions A.G.R., Brussels, 1985, p. 190. (Or. sur pch. ; dét. (Francfort, 7/09/1346.)
  2. ^ Sury, Geoffroy G., Bayern Straubing Hennegau : la Maison de Bavière en Hainaut, XIVe-XVe s., Brussels, © 2010 (2nd ed.), p. 66. -<(Template:Lang-fr A chirograph on parchment dated 17 October 1346 in Ypres, of which the seal is destroyed, announces that an accord reached made between the Empress Margaret II, Countess of Hainaut (wife of Louis IV of Bavaria, the Emperor) etc., and her sister Phillippine (Phillipa of Hainaut), Queen of England (wife of King Edward III) concerning the succession of their late brother, William II Count of Hainaut, etc. Phillipa renouncing her pretentions to Hainaut, Holland, Zeeland and Frisia - G. Wymans, Inventaire analytique du chartrier de la Trésorerie des comtes de Hainaut, the State Archives, Palais des Expos, Aux Grands Près, Mons tél. 065/400460)order no (slide) 869, Editions A.G.R., Brussels, 1985, p. 190.
  3. ^ (Template:Lang-fr A parchment dated 8 Sep. 1346 in Geertruidenberg, in a Latin translation from German, dated 16 March 1347 (New Style), announces that Margaret II, Countess of Hainaut (spouse of Louis IV of Bavaria, the Holy Roman Emperor) etc. commits her son William (the future William III, Count of Hainaut) to the government of Hainaut, Holland, Zeeland and Frisia during her absence - G. Wymans, Inventaire analytique du chartrier de la Trésorerie des comtes de Hainaut , the State Archives, Palais des Expos, Aux Grands Près, Mons tél. 065/400460), ordre no.(slide)868, Editions A.G.R., Brussels, 1985, p. 190.
  4. ^ Geoffroy G. Sury, Bayern Straubing – Hennegau : la Maison de Bavière en Hainaut, XIVe – XVe s., Brussels, 2010, 2nd ed., p. 67. - Template:Lang-fr A partially destroyed parchment dated 7 December 1354 at Mons, with four broken seals appended, announces that John of Hainaut and Wallerand of Luxemburg, Lord of Ligny, acting as intermediaries and arbitrators, to reestablish the peace between Margaret and her son, the Duke, William of Bavaria (the future William III, Count of Hainaut), make known the terms of the arbitration settlement stated in previous deeds, which they uphold : .. In execution of the said settlement, the Countess Margaret (II) of Hainaut, etc. cedes to her son William, Duke of Bavaria the counties of Hainaut, Holland, Zeeland and the lordship of Frisia, in return taking payment of 40000 Florence Florins and widow's pension of 7000 florins; for his part the said Duke waives his rights over Hainaut so long as his mother is living. - G Wymans, Inventaire analytique du chartrier de la Trésorerie des comtes de Hainaut , the State Archives, Palais des Expos, Aux Grands Près, Mons tél. 065/400460) order number(slide) 974, Editions A.G.R., Brussels, 1985, pp. 209-210.
Margaret II, Countess of Hainaut
Born: 1311 Died: 23 June 1356
Regnal titles
Preceded by Countess of Hainaut,
Holland and Zeeland
1345–1356 		Succeeded by
German royalty
Preceded by Empress consort of
the Holy Roman Empire
1328–1347 		Succeeded by
Preceded by Queen consort of Germany
1324–1347
With: Isabella of Aragon (1324–1328) 		Succeeded by
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