Masjed Soleyman
Masjed Soleyman
مسجدسليمان | |
|---|---|
City | |
  Masjed Soleyman | |
| Coordinates: 31°56′11″N 49°18′14″E / 31.93639°N 49.30389°E | |
| Country |  Iran |
| Province | Khuzestan |
| County | Masjed Soleyman |
| Bakhsh | Central |
| Population (2016 Census) | |
| • Urban | 100,497 [1] |
| Time zone | UTC+3:30 (IRST) |
| • Summer (DST) | UTC+4:30 (IRDT) |
Masjed Soleyman (Persian: مسجدسليمان, Lurish: مسسلیموو Mas-seleymoo; also Romanized as Masjed Soleymān, Masjed-e Soleymān, Masjed Soleiman, and Masjid-i-Sulaiman)[2] is a city and capital of Masjed Soleyman County, Khuzestan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 206,121, in 51,530 families.[3] Masjed Soleiman is a historical city which is located among the Zagros Mountains.
Geography
Masjed Soleyman was inhabited by various clans of Bakhtiari tribes but oil exploration in this area attracted other people from other parts of Bakhtiari zones to this city for trade or jobs.
Climate
| Climate data for Masjed Soleyman 320m (1985–2010) | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Record high °C (°F) | 25.6 (78.1) |
29.0 (84.2) |
36.6 (97.9) |
41.6 (106.9) |
47.6 (117.7) |
51.2 (124.2) |
51.6 (124.9) |
53 (127) |
48.0 (118.4) |
42.2 (108.0) |
34.2 (93.6) |
30.0 (86.0) |
51.6 (124.9) |
| Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 16.4 (61.5) |
18.8 (65.8) |
23.3 (73.9) |
30.3 (86.5) |
37.8 (100.0) |
43.2 (109.8) |
45.1 (113.2) |
44.8 (112.6) |
40.9 (105.6) |
34.6 (94.3) |
25.4 (77.7) |
18.9 (66.0) |
31.6 (88.9) |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | 12.0 (53.6) |
13.8 (56.8) |
17.7 (63.9) |
24.0 (75.2) |
31.0 (87.8) |
35.8 (96.4) |
38.1 (100.6) |
37.7 (99.9) |
33.5 (92.3) |
27.8 (82.0) |
19.7 (67.5) |
14.2 (57.6) |
25.4 (77.7) |
| Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | 7.4 (45.3) |
8.7 (47.7) |
12.1 (53.8) |
17.7 (63.9) |
24.2 (75.6) |
28.3 (82.9) |
31.2 (88.2) |
30.6 (87.1) |
26.1 (79.0) |
20.9 (69.6) |
13.9 (57.0) |
9.4 (48.9) |
19.2 (66.6) |
| Record low °C (°F) | −1.4 (29.5) |
−4.4 (24.1) |
1.8 (35.2) |
7.0 (44.6) |
14.4 (57.9) |
22.0 (71.6) |
24.0 (75.2) |
22.0 (71.6) |
20.0 (68.0) |
12.4 (54.3) |
3.4 (38.1) |
0.5 (32.9) |
−4.4 (24.1) |
| Average precipitation mm (inches) | 94.1 (3.70) |
55.7 (2.19) |
71.2 (2.80) |
36.0 (1.42) |
5.1 (0.20) |
0.0 (0.0) |
1.0 (0.04) |
0.8 (0.03) |
0.1 (0.00) |
8.2 (0.32) |
59.4 (2.34) |
104.9 (4.13) |
436.5 (17.19) |
| Average precipitation days (≥ 1.0 mm) | 7.9 | 6.3 | 6.4 | 4.2 | 0.9 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 1.4 | 3.9 | 6.9 | 37.9 |
| Average relative humidity (%) | 73 | 63 | 52 | 38 | 23 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 20 | 28 | 50 | 69 | 38 |
| Mean monthly sunshine hours | 165.6 | 170.5 | 207.5 | 212.5 | 268.2 | 313.8 | 322.4 | 332.8 | 303.7 | 259.5 | 198.3 | 163.3 | 2,918.1 |
| Source: Iran Meteorological Organization (records),[4] (temperatures),[5] (precipitation),[6] (humidity),[7] (days with precipitation),[8]
(sunshine)[9] | |||||||||||||
Main sights
Masjed Soleiman's most interesting parish is Tembi, and historical and ancient site is Sarmasjed Temple in the northeast. Sarmasjed temple is on the verge of Sarmasjed terrace, in ancient time fire had been continuously flaming inside it. And according to historians was the capital of Achaemenian Reign. Among other Masjed Soleiman ancient relics, we can suggest the ancient Temple of Bard-e-Neshande.
History
 |
Ancient history and etymology
The city was known as Parsumash prior to the Muslim conquest of Persia.
A French archaeological expedition under the supervision of Prof. Roman Ghirshman made some important discoveries. Ghirshman believes Parsomash (present-day Masjed Soleyman) was the oldest capital of the Achaemenian Kingdom.
Contemporary history
Masjed Soleyman's importance today is in oil exploration. William Knox D'Arcy, by contract with the Emir of Mohammerah, Sheikh Khaz'al Khan al-Kaabi, obtained permission to explore for oil for the first time in the Middle East, near this city.[10][11] This event changed the history of the Middle East. The oil discovery led to petrochemical industry development and also the establishment of industries that strongly depended on oil.
Notable people
- Mohsen Rezaei (1954–), Iranian politician, economist and former military commander
- Frank Nezhadpournia (1971–), Anglo Iranian Pilot, Karate Master, Author. The first Iranian to volunteer for military service in Iran after receiving a Presidential Invite.
- Bijan Allipour (1949–), Iranian business executive. CEO of NISOC.[12][citation needed]
- Mehran Karimi Nasseri (1942–), Iranian refugee who lived in the departure lounge of Terminal One in Charles de Gaulle Airport from 26 August 1988 until July 2006
References
- ^ https://www.amar.org.ir/english
- ^ Masjed Soleyman can be found at GEOnet Names Server, at this link, by opening the Advanced Search box, entering "-3074315" in the "Unique Feature Id" form, and clicking on "Search Database".
- ^ "Census of the Islamic Republic of Iran, 1385 (2006)" (Excel). Statistical Center of Iran. Archived from the original on 2011-09-20.
- ^
- "Highest record temperature in Masjed Soleyman by Month 1985–2010". Iran Meteorological Organization. Retrieved April 8, 2015.
- "Lowest record temperature in Masjed Soleyman by Month 1985–2010". Iran Meteorological Organization. Retrieved April 8, 2015.
- ^
- "Average Maximum temperature in Masjed Soleyman by Month 1985–2010". Iran Meteorological Organization. Retrieved April 8, 2015.[permanent dead link]
- "Average Mean Daily temperature in Masjed Soleyman by Month 1985–2010". Iran Meteorological Organization. Retrieved April 8, 2015.
- "Average Minimum temperature in Masjed Soleyman by Month 1985–2010". Iran Meteorological Organization. Retrieved April 8, 2015.[permanent dead link]
- ^ "Monthly Total Precipitation in Masjed Soleyman by Month 1985–2010". Iran Meteorological Organization. Retrieved April 8, 2015.
- ^ "Average relative humidity in Masjed Soleyman by Month 1985–2010". Iran Meteorological Organization. Retrieved April 8, 2015.[permanent dead link]
- ^ "No. Of days with precipitation equal to or greater than 1 mm in Masjed Soleyman by Month 1983–2010". Iran Meteorological Organization. Retrieved April 8, 2015.[permanent dead link]
- ^ "Monthly total sunshine hours in Masjed Soleyman by Month 1985–2010". Iran Meteorological Organization. Retrieved April 8, 2015.[permanent dead link]
- ^ Vassiliou, M. S. Historical Dictionary of the Petroleum Industry. Lanham, MD: Scarecrow, 2009. Print.
- ^ Peter Frangipan (2015). The Silk Roads: A New History of the World. Alfred A. Knopf. p. 319. ISBN 9781101946336.
- ^ "Iran's NIOC dismisses head of National Iranian South Oil Company". businessweek. Retrieved 2014-10-18.[dead link] [dead link]
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