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Mercury Eight

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For other uses, see Mercury 8 (disambiguation).
Not to be confused with Chevrolet Mercury.
Mercury Eight
1939 Mercury 8 Sedan-Coupe
Overview
ManufacturerMercury (Ford)
Production1939–1951
AssemblyLong Beach, California, United States
Maywood, California (starting 1948)
Dearborn, Michigan, United States
Wayne, Michigan, United States
St. Louis Missouri, United States
Edison, New Jersey, United States
Bucharest, Romania
Body and chassis
ClassFull-size
LayoutFR layout
Chronology
SuccessorMercury Monterey

The Mercury Eight is an automobile that was marketed by the Mercury division of Ford between 1939 and 1951. The debut model line of the Mercury division, Ford slotted the full-size Mercury Eight between the Ford Deluxe (later Custom) model lines and the Lincoln. In total, Ford assembled three generations of the Eight (before and after World War II).

During its production, the Eight offered a full range of body styles, including coupes, sedans, convertibles, and station wagons. For its first generation, the Eight was produced with its own body, adapting its own version of a Ford body for its second generation; for the third generation, the Eight shared its body with the Lincoln.

For the 1952 model year, Ford expanded its namesake division to three nameplates and Lincoln and Mercury to two each, with Mercury replacing the Eight with Monterey (introduced in 1950 as a trim option), lasting until 1974.

First generation (1939–1940)

1939 Mercury Eight billboard
1939 Mercury 8 Sedan Coupe
First generation
1939 Mercury 8 Sport Convertible
Overview
Model years1939–1940
Body and chassis
Body style2-door coupe[1]
2-door convertible[1]
2-door sedan[2]
4-door sedan[1]
4-door convertible[1]
Powertrain
Engine239 cu in (3.9 L) Flathead V8
Dimensions
Wheelbase116.0 in (2,946 mm)[1]
Length196.0 in (4,978 mm)[1]
1939 Mercury 8 Town-Sedan

The advertisements for this car declared it to be "The car that truly dares to ask 'Why?'", referring to the idea that a big car couldn't also be economical.[1] The Mercury was priced in the thousand dollar range, several hundred dollars more than the Ford V-8, several hundred less than the Lincoln-Zephyr and about the same as the upper-range Oldsmobile and Dodges, Hudsons, and the lower-range Buicks and DeSotos, sales from all of which, it was hoped, the new Mercury would usurp.[1] Its engine was a 95 hp version of the Ford flathead V8 engine, its styling was inspired by the Zephyr, and it had hydraulic brakes from the beginning.[1] With a wheelbase of 116.0 in (2,946 mm) and an overall length of 196.0 in (4,978 mm), it was a good-sized car, which the Ford company advertised extensively, together with its up-to-20 mpg performance-"few cars of any size can equal such economy."[1] Double sun visors became standard in 1940.[3] Braking was via 12-inch drums.[4]

Although "Eight" script would not appear on the front of the hood until the 1941 model year, sales literature prominently referred to the car as the "Mercury Eight" from the very beginning. This is no doubt because the actual series names, 99A in 1939[1] and 09A in 1940,[1] were somewhat less enticing. A 1940 09A model has the words "Mercury Eight" in an emblem that runs from front to rear alongside the top hood lines on both sides. It appears as chrome wording on top of a double red bar.

By the end of 1940 Mercury could run with the headline "It's made 150,000 owners change cars!"[1]

Second generation (1941–1948)

1941 Ford station wagon - stuck in the mud with race car designer John Crosthwaite (standing)
Second generation
1941 Mercury Eight Club Convertible
Overview
Model years1941–1948
Body and chassis
Body style2-door coupe[1][5]
2-door convertible[1][5]
4-door sedan[1][5]
4-door station wagon[1][5]
2-door Sportsman convertible
Powertrain
Engine239 cu in (3.9 L) Flathead V8[5]
Dimensions
Wheelbase118.0 in (2,997 mm)[1][5]
Length1941-46: 201.6 in (5,121 mm)[5]
1947-48: 201.8 in (5,126 mm)[5]
Curb weight3,400–3,800 lb (1,500–1,700 kg)
1946 Mercury Eight Town Sedan
1947 Mercury Eight Town Sedan
1948 Mercury Eight convertible rear

The 1941 Mercury Eight got all-new styling and some engineering improvements. The Mercury now shared its bodyshell with Ford, probably to lower Mercury production costs. Mercury's wheelbase was expanded by 2.0 in (51 mm) to 118.0 in (2,997 mm).[1] There were many chassis refinements, including improved spring lengths, rates, and deflections, plus changes in shackling, shocks, and an improved stabilizer bar, but the old fashioned transverse springs were still used. The new body featured door bottoms that flared out over the running boards, allowing for wider seats and interiors. The car had 2.0 in (51 mm) more headroom, two-piece front fenders (three-piece at first), and more glass area. The front pillars were made slimmer and the windshield was widened, deepened, and angled more steeply. Parking lights were separate and set atop the fenders for greater visibility. Headlight bezels were redesigned. In all closed Mercurys the rear-quarter windows opened out. Front vent wings were now crank-operated, and in closed cars the ventilation wing support bars rolled down with the windows. The 4-door convertible, offered in 1940, was gone, but a station wagon was added. The woodie wagon's body behind the engine cowl was identical to Ford's, and produced at the company's Iron Mountain plant in Michigan's Upper Peninsula. The "Eight" script was moved to the rear of the hood. 90,556 Mercury Eights were sold in the 1941 model year.

In 1942 the Mercury Eight's slender bullet parking lights were replaced with rectangular units placed high on the fenders inboard of the headlights. Running boards were now completely concealed under flared door bottoms. The instrument panel now features two identical circles for speedometer and clock with gauges to the left of the speedometer, a glove compartment to the right of the clock, and a large radio speaker cover in the center. The grille looked more like that of the Lincoln-Zephyr and Continental. The "Eight" script was gone but an "8" appeared at the top of the grille center. Horsepower was increased to 100. Mercury's biggest engineering news for 1942 was "Liquamatic," Ford's first semiautomatic transmission. It wasn't much of a success and Mercury wouldn't have another automatic transmission until Merc-O-Matic appeared in 1951, which was a true automatic. Mercury production for the short 1942 model year totaled only 1,902. Output was halted in February 1942 as American auto plants were converted to the exclusive production of war material.

Although Mercury's prewar history was short, the Mercury Eight had already earned for itself the image of being a fine performer in mph as well as mpg, this "hot car" image quite in keeping with its name, chosen by Edsel Ford, that of the fleet-footed messenger of the gods of Roman mythology.[1] The Mercury Eight was strongly identified as an upmarket Ford during this period. In 1945 the Lincoln-Mercury division would be established to change that.[1]

A new grille was the most noticeable difference between the 1942 and 1946 Mercurys.[5] It had thin vertical bars surrounded by a trim piece painted the same color as the car.[5] An "Eight" script now appeared down its center. The Liquimatic automatic transmission option was eliminated.[5] The most distinctive new Mercury was the Sportsman convertible.[5] It featured wood body panels.[5] Only 205 examples of it were produced and it was discontinued the following model year.[5] Mercury Eight sales totaled 86,603.[5]

Styling changes were slight in 1947.[5] The Mercury name was placed on the side of the hood.[5] Different hubcaps were used.[5] The border around the grille was chrome plated.[5] The "Eight" script still ran down its center. There was also new trunk trim.[5] More chrome was used on the interior and the dash dial faces were redesigned.[5] The convertible and station wagon came with leather upholstery.[5] The other body styles used fabric.[5] The wood paneled Sportsman convertible was gone.[5] 86,363 Mercury Eights were sold.[5]

For all practical purposes the 1948 Mercury Eights were identical to the 1947s.[5] The major changes consisted of different dial faces and no steering column lock.[5] 50,268 Mercury Eights were sold.[5]

Australian coupe utility and panel van variants

A unique coupe utility variant of the Mercury was produced in Australia from 1946 to 1948.[6] Marketed as the Mercury Club Coupe Utility,[7] it was built on a 118-inch wheelbase and had a carrying capacity rated at 10-12 cwt.[6] The 1946 version was coded as the Model S9A and the 1947 and 1948 variants as the Model 6M.[6]

A panel van model was also offered.[7]

Third generation (1949–1951)

1950 Mercury Eight station wagon
Third generation
Overview
Model years1949–1951
Body and chassis
Body style2-door coupe[5]
2-door Monterey coupe[5]
2-door convertible[5]
4-door sedan[5]
2-door station wagon[5]
RelatedLincoln EL-series
Powertrain
Engine255 cu in (4.2 L) Flathead V8[5]
Dimensions
Wheelbase118.0 in (2,997 mm)[5][8][9]
Length206.8 in (5,253 mm)[5][9]
Curb weight3,500–4,000 lb (1,600–1,800 kg)
1951 Mercury Eight coupe
1951 Mercury Eight with suicide doors

The first postwar Mercury was introduced in the 1949 model year. The engine was a flathead V8 that produced slightly more power than the then also newly designed 1949 Ford. A new overdrive system was optional, activated by a handle under the dash.[9][10] The styling of the Mercury Eight, when it was released in 1949, adopted the "ponton" appearance, and was successful in both ending the monotony of warmed-over pre-war style, and differentiating Mercury from its comparable Ford cousin, a trick that spelled sales success. Sales figures for both Ford and Mercury broke records in 1949. The new approach to styling was also evident on the completely redesigned Lincoln and the all-new Lincoln Cosmopolitan. The Mercury Eight used full instrumentation.[11] An 8 tube AM radio was available as an option. The 4-door station wagon was replaced with a 2-door model.[5] Although the wagon now featured an all-metal roof, its sides still consisted of wood panels, manufactured at the Ford Iron Mountain Plant.[5]

Within its era and beyond, the Mercury Eight was popular with customizers. In 1949, Sam Barris built the first lead sled from a 1949 Mercury Eight; the Eight became the definitive "lead sled", much as the Ford V-8 (as the "deuce") was becoming the definitive hot rod. The Eights were among the first models to receive an aftermarket OHV engine swap, since Oldsmobile and Cadillac developed the first high-compression OHV V8 engines in 1949, whereas Ford was still using a sidevalve engine. Sam and George Barris also used the 1949 body style to build "the most famous custom car ever",[12] the Hirohata Merc, for customer Bob Hirohata in 1953. Setting a style and an attitude, it had a "momentous effect" on custom car builders,[13] appeared in several magazines at the time,[14] and reappeared numerous times since, earning an honorable mention on Rod & Custom's "Twenty Best of All Time" list in 1991.[14] The Eight remains a very popular subject for car modellers.

Fiberglass replicas of the Eight, inspired by Sam Barris's car, are still in production and are popular with custom and rod enthusiasts.[15]

In 1950, a high-end two-door Monterey coupe was introduced in the same vein as the Ford Crestliner, the Lincoln Lido coupe and the Lincoln Cosmopolitan Capri coupe in order to compete with the hardtop coupes General Motors had introduced the previous model year. The front suspension was independent with stabilizer bars.[16] In 1952 the Monterey would become its own series.

In 1990, Mattel Hot Wheels created a model of 1949 Mercury with a chopped top. It is called Purple Passion.[citation needed]

Movies

The car makes notable appearances in a number of films:

Music

Video games

See also

This 1949 Mercury has been rodded since the 1950s

References

  1. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u Kimes, Beverly (1996). standard catalog of American Cars 1805-1942. Krause publications. ISBN 0-87341-428-4.
  2. ^ 1940 Mercury Brochure, www.oldcarbrochures.com Retrieved 3 January 2012
  3. ^ "Directory Index: Mercury/1940_Mercury/1940_Mercury_Brochure". Oldcarbrochures.com. Retrieved 2013-09-03.
  4. ^ "Directory Index: Mercury/1940_Mercury/1940_Mercury_Brochure". Oldcarbrochures.com. Retrieved 2013-09-03.
  5. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah ai aj ak al Kowalke, Ron (1997). Standard Catalog of American Cars 1946-1975. Krause publications. ISBN 0-87341-521-3.
  6. ^ a b c 1948 Mercury Utility, Restored Cars No 32, page 24
  7. ^ a b John McArthur, 1946 Mercury Panel Van, Restored Cars #234, Jan-Feb 2016, pages 45-47 & 65
  8. ^ "Directory Index: Mercury/1950 Mercury/1950_Mercury_Foldout". Oldcarbrochures.com. Retrieved 2011-11-09.
  9. ^ a b c Flory, Jr., J. "Kelly" (2008). American Cars, 1946-1959 Every Model Every Year. McFarland & Company, Inc., Publishers. ISBN 978-0-7864-3229-5.
  10. ^ "Directory Index: Mercury/1950 Mercury/album_001". Oldcarbrochures.com. Retrieved 2011-11-09.
  11. ^ "Directory Index: Mercury/1950 Mercury/album_001". Oldcarbrochures.com. Retrieved 2011-11-09.
  12. ^ Rod & Custom, 8/89, p.12.
  13. ^ DeWitt, John. Cool cars, high art: the rise of kustom kulture (University Press of Mississippi, 2001), p.69.
  14. ^ a b DeWitt, p.70
  15. ^ "49 Merc replica (Jan 30, 2009)". 1949-mercury.com. 2008-02-25. Retrieved 2011-11-09.
  16. ^ "Directory Index: Mercury/1950 Mercury/1950_Mercury_Foldout". Oldcarbrochures.com. Retrieved 2013-09-03.
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