Nitnem
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Nitnem (Punjabi: ਨਿਤਨੇਮ) (literally Daily Routine) is a collection of Sikh hymns (Gurbani) to be read minimally 3 different times of the day. These are mandatory and to be read by every Amritdhari Sikh[1] as expressed in the Sikh Rehat Maryada.[2] Optionally additional prayers may be added to a Sikh's nitnem. There are five hymns (Five Banis) to be done during Amrit Vela (early morning)[3], the Rehras Sahib hymn for the evening and Kirtan Sohila for the night, The morning and evening prayers should be followed by an Ardaas.[4][5]
Morning Prayer
These are known as the Five Banis. These prayers are recited at dawn.[6] The Japji Sahib, Jaap Sahib and Amrit Savaiye may take about 10-20 minutes, 20-30 minutes and 10 minutes, respectively, to recite.[6][7][8]
Evening Prayer
This prayer is recited at dusk and takes about 15-25 minutes to recite.[6][9]
Night Prayer
This prayer is recited at bedtime and takes about 5-8 minutes to recite.[6][10]
Additional Bani
Optionally additional prayers may be added to a Sikh's nitnem as the individual seems fit. Most commonly added include Asa Di Var and Shabad Hazare[11]
See also
References
- ^ Singh, H.S. (2005). The Encyclopedia of Sikhism (Second ed.). New Delhi: Hemkunt Press. p. 15. ISBN 978-8170103011.
- ^ Dr. H.S. Singha (2005). Sikh Studies, Book 7. Hemkunt Press. p. 56. ISBN 9788170102458.
- ^ Singh, H.S. (2005). The Encyclopedia of Sikhism (Second ed.). New Delhi: Hemkunt Press. p. 15. ISBN 978-8170103011.
- ^ Singh Sethi, Manmohan (13 August 2017). Nitnem and Ardaas : English Transliteration: Japji, Jaap, Sawaiye, Rehras, Kirtan Sohila, Ardaas. Sukan Publishing Universe. p. 3. ISBN 978-1-502-26421-3.
- ^ Singh, Gurinder (2001). The Making of Sikh Scripture. New York: Oxford University Press. p. 133. ISBN 978-0195130249.
- ^ a b c d Haribala Rani Kaur Vaid (2007). The Sikh Religion: An Introduction (illustrated ed.). Star Publications. pp. 36–7. ISBN 9788176502306.
- ^ Eugene, Smith (1897). The Gospel in All Lands. New York: Methodist Episcopal Church. Missionary Society. p. 43.
- ^ Fisher, Mary (1992). Everyday Miracles in the House of God: Stories from Gobind Sadan India. Gobind Sadan. p. 14. ISBN 9780963329004.
- ^ Panesar, Rajinder; Ganeri, Anita (2008). Sikh Prayer and Worship. Sea to Sea Publications.
- ^ Kapoor, Sukhbir (2002). Guru Granth Sahib - An Advance Study (Volume I). New Delhi: Hemkunt. p. 283. ISBN 978-8170103172.
- ^ Singh, Jagraj (2009). A Complete Guide to Sikhism. Unisar Books. p. 114. ISBN 978-9815471212.