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Nouméa

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"Noumea" redirects here. For the genus of sea slugs, see Noumea (gastropod). For the language, see Ndrumbea language.
Nouméa
City centre and Nouméa Cathedral
City centre and Nouméa Cathedral
Coat of arms of Nouméa
Coat of arms
Location of the commune (in red) within New Caledonia
Location of the commune (in red)
within New Caledonia
Location of Nouméa
Map
CountryFrance
Sui generis collectivityNew Caledonia
ProvinceSouth Province
(provincial seat)
Government
 • Mayor (2014–present) Sonia Lagarde
Area
1[1]
45.7 km2 (17.6 sq mi)
 • Urban
1,643 km2 (634 sq mi)
Population
 (june. 2015 census[2])
100,237
 • Density2,200/km2 (5,700/sq mi)
 • Urban
179,509
 • Urban density110/km2 (280/sq mi)
Ethnic distribution
 • 1996 censusWhites 50.9%
Kanaks 22.9%
Polynesians 12.3%
Other 13.9%
Time zoneUTC+11:00
INSEE/Postal code
98818 /98800
Elevation0–167 m (0–548 ft)
(avg. 20 m or 66 ft)
1 New Caledonia Land Register (DITTT) data, which exclude lakes and ponds larger than 1 km² (0.386 sq mi or 247 acres) as well as the estuaries of rivers.
Nouméa city flag

Nouméa (French pronunciation: [numeˈa]) is the capital city of the French special collectivity of New Caledonia. It is situated on a peninsula in the south of New Caledonia's main island, Grande Terre, and is home to the majority of the island's European, Polynesian (Wallisians, Futunians, Tahitians), Indonesian, and Vietnamese populations, as well as many Melanesians, Ni-Vanuatu and Kanaks that work in one of the South Pacific's most industrialised cities. The city lies on a protected deepwater harbour which serves as the chief port for New Caledonia.

At the August 2014 census, there were 179,509 inhabitants in the metropolitan area of Greater Nouméa (French: agglomération du Grand Nouméa), 100,237 of whom lived in the city (commune) of Nouméa proper.[2] 66.8% of the population of New Caledonia live in Greater Nouméa, which covers the communes of Nouméa, Le Mont-Dore, Dumbéa and Païta.

History

The first European to establish a settlement in the vicinity was British trader James Paddon in 1851. Anxious to assert control of the island, the French established a settlement nearby three years later in 1854, moving from Balade in the north of the island. This settlement was initially called Port-de-France and was renamed Nouméa in 1866. The area served first as a penal colony, later as a centre for the exploitation of the nickel and gold that was mined nearby.

From 1904 to 1940 Nouméa was linked to Dumbéa and Païta by the Nouméa-Païta railway, the only railway line that ever existed in New Caledonia.

During World War II, Nouméa served as the headquarters of the United States military in the South Pacific. The five-sided U.S. military headquarters complex was adopted after the war as the base for a new regional intergovernmental development organisation: the South Pacific Commission, later known as the Secretariat of the Pacific Community.

The city maintains much of New Caledonia's unique mix of French and old Melanesian culture. Even today the U.S. wartime military influence lingers, both with the warmth that many New Caledonian people feel towards the United States after experiencing the relative friendliness of American soldiers and also with the names of several of the quarters in Nouméa. Districts such as "Receiving" and "Robinson", or even "Motor Pool", strike the anglophone ear strangely, until the historical context becomes clear.

Geography

The city is situated on an irregular, hilly peninsula near the southeast end of New Caledonia, which is in the south-west Pacific Ocean.[citation needed]

Neighbourhoods of Nouméa include:[3]

  • Rivière-Salée
  • 6e km, 7e km, Normandie, and Tina
  • Ducos peninsula:
    • Ducos, Ducos industriel, Kaméré, Koumourou, Logicoop, Numbo, Tindu
  • 4e Km, Aérodrome, Haut Magenta, Magenta, Ouémo, and Portes de fer
  • Faubourg Blanchot and Vallée des Colons
  • Doniambo, Montagne coupée, Montravel, and Vallée du tir
  • Artillerie Nord, Centre Ville, Nouville, Quartier Latin, Vallée du Génie
  • Anse Vata, Artillerie Sud, Baie des Citrons, Motor Pool, N'géa, Orphelinat, Receiving, Trianon, and Val Plaisance

Demographics

Woman at Nouméa market

The Greater Nouméa urban area (French: agglomération du Grand Nouméa) had a total population of 179,509 inhabitants at the August 2014 census, 99,926 of whom lived in the commune of Nouméa proper.[2]

The Greater Nouméa urban area is made up of four communes:

Historical population

1956 1963 1969 1976 1983 1989 1996 2009 2014
Nouméa (commune) 22,235 34,990 41,853 56,078 60,112 65,110 76,293 97,579 99,926
Greater Nouméa 25,204 39,996 50,488 74,335 85,098 97,581 118,823 163,723 179,509
Official figures from population censuses.[2][4]

Average population growth of the Greater Nouméa urban area:

  • 1956-1963: +2,310 people per year (+7.5% per year)
  • 1963-1969: +1,791 people per year (+4.1% per year)
  • 1969-1976: +3,349 people per year (+5.6% per year)
  • 1976-1983: +1,543 people per year (+2.0% per year)
  • 1983-1989: +2,091 people per year (+2.3% per year)
  • 1989-1996: +3,020 people per year (+2.8% per year)
  • 1996-2009: +3,382 people per year (+2.4% per year)
  • 2009-2014: +3,106 people per year (+1.8% per year)

Migrations

The places of birth of the 163,723 residents in the Greater Nouméa urban area at the 2009 census were the following:[5]

Languages

At the 2009 census, 98.7% of the population in the Greater Nouméa urban area whose age was 15 years old and older reported that they could speak French. 97.1% reported that they could also read and write it. Only 1.3% of the population whose age was 15 years old and older had no knowledge of French.[6]

At the same census, 20.8% of the population in the Greater Nouméa urban area whose age was 15 years old and older reported that they could speak at least one of the Kanak languages. 4.3% reported that they could understand a Kanak language but not speak it. 74.9% of the population whose age was 15 years old and older had no knowledge of any Kanak language.[7]

Climate

Nouméa features a tropical wet and dry climate with hot summers and warm winters. Temperatures are warmer in the months of January, February and March with average highs hovering around 30 degrees Celsius and cooler during the months of July and August where average high temperatures are around 23 degrees Celsius. The capital’s dry season months are September and October. The rest of the year is noticeably wetter. Nouméa on average receives roughly 1,100 mm (43 in) of precipitation annually.

Climate data for Noumea, New Caledonia
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Mean daily maximum °C (°F) 28.9
(84.0) 		29.0
(84.2) 		28.5
(83.3) 		26.9
(80.4) 		25.2
(77.4) 		23.8
(74.8) 		22.6
(72.7) 		22.8
(73.0) 		23.8
(74.8) 		25.5
(77.9) 		27.0
(80.6) 		28.2
(82.8) 		26.0
(78.8)
Daily mean °C (°F) 26.0
(78.8) 		26.1
(79.0) 		25.6
(78.1) 		24.1
(75.4) 		22.5
(72.5) 		21.1
(70.0) 		20.0
(68.0) 		20.5
(68.9) 		21.1
(70.0) 		22.4
(72.3) 		23.9
(75.0) 		25.0
(77.0) 		23.2
(73.7)
Mean daily minimum °C (°F) 23.0
(73.4) 		23.2
(73.8) 		22.8
(73.0) 		21.4
(70.5) 		19.8
(67.6) 		18.5
(65.3) 		17.3
(63.1) 		17.5
(63.5) 		17.9
(64.2) 		19.2
(66.6) 		20.7
(69.3) 		21.9
(71.4) 		20.3
(68.5)
Average precipitation mm (inches) 112.9
(4.44) 		123.1
(4.85) 		134.6
(5.30) 		110.5
(4.35) 		90.6
(3.57) 		128.7
(5.07) 		73.0
(2.87) 		70.1
(2.76) 		39.2
(1.54) 		53.2
(2.09) 		62.9
(2.48) 		72.7
(2.86) 		1,071.5
(42.18)
Average precipitation days 14.2 14.2 17.1 15.0 16.8 17.3 15.9 13.1 9.6 9.3 10.3 11.3 164.1
Mean monthly sunshine hours 232.5 209.0 201.5 198.0 176.7 156.0 182.9 201.5 222.0 251.1 249.0 260.4 2,540.6
Source: Hong Kong Observatory,[8]

Economy

Although Nouméa has more sunshine days than any other Pacific Island capital and some excellent beaches not far from the city centre, it is not currently a major tourist destination. The cost of living is high and the air travel there is not discounted as much as that to other destinations on the Pacific Rim.[citation needed]

Nouméa is, as of 2007, one of the most rapidly growing cities in the Pacific and has experienced a major housing construction boom in the preceding decade. The installation of amenities has kept pace and the municipality boasts a public works programme. Much of this construction is fuelled by investment from France and it is hoped that over the lifetime of this multi-decade track towards increased autonomy planned under the Matignon Agreements and now the Nouméa Accord, the local economy will become independently sustainable.[citation needed]

Aircalin, the international airline of New Caledonia,[9] and Air Calédonie (Aircal), the domestic airline, have their headquarters in the city.[10] Aircal's headquarters are on the grounds of Magenta Airport.[11]

Transport

Nouméa Magenta Airport, within the city, serves local routes. Nouméa's international airport is La Tontouta International Airport, 50 kilometres (31 mi) from the city. The Nouméa-Païta railway which was the only railway line that ever existed in New Caledonia was closed in 1940.

Education

University of New Caledonia, Nouville campus
Bernheim Library exterior
Bernheim Library interior

The University of New Caledonia (UNC) goes back to 1987 when the Université Française du Pacifique (French University of the Pacific) was created, with two centres, one in French Polynesia and the other in New Caledonia. In 1997 the decision was made to split the two parts into separate universities and so in 1999 the Université de la Nouvelle Calédonie and the Université de la Polynésie Française were formed.

UNC welcomes around 3,000 local and international students and 100 professors and researchers each year.[12]

The Bibliothèque Bernheim (Bernheim Library) is located in Nouméa.[13]

Twin towns – Sister cities

  • New Caledonia was the favorite liberty port in the Pacific of the crew of the PT-73 in the American television series, McHale's Navy.[15]
  • Sydney-based author Nathan J. Roche set his 2014 novel "The Noumea Neurosis" a satirical prose account of cycling in and around Nouméa

References

  1. ^ "Tableaux de l'économie calédonienne, Chapitre 1 : TERRITOIRE-ENVIRONNEMENT" (PDF). ISEE. 2012. Retrieved 14 October 2013.
  2. ^ a b c d "Recensement de la population 2014 - Populations légales 2014". ISEE. Retrieved 16 November 2014.
  3. ^ "Les quartiers." Nouméa. Retrieved on 12 February 2011.
  4. ^ "Population des communes de la Nouvelle-Calédonie de 1956 à 2009". ISEE. Retrieved 14 October 2013.
  5. ^ "Recensement de la population de 2009 - Provinces ou communes du Grand Nouméa - individus". ISEE. Retrieved 14 October 2013.
  6. ^ "P19 Population de 15 ans et plus, selon le sexe et la connaissance du français, par commune et province de résidence". ISEE. Retrieved 14 October 2013.
  7. ^ "P21 Population de 15 ans et plus, selon le sexe et la connaissance d'une langue kanak, par commune et province de résidence". ISEE. Retrieved 14 October 2013.
  8. ^ "Climatological Information for Noumea, New Caledonia". Hong Kong Observatory.
  9. ^ "Contact Us." Aircalin. Retrieved on 2 October 2009.
  10. ^ "AIR CALÉDONIE CONTACTS." Air Calédonie. Retrieved on 2 October 2009.
  11. ^ "Renouvellement de Carte Résident." Air Calédonie. Retrieved on 8 October 2009.
  12. ^ "http://www.univ-nc.nc/propos-de-lunc/presentation Université de la Nouvelle-Calédonie. Retrieved on 5 January 2012.
  13. ^ "coordonnées & horaires." Bibliothèque Bernheim. Retrieved on 12 February 2011.
  14. ^ "Villes jumelées avec la Ville de Nice" (in French). Ville de Nice. Retrieved 24 June 2013.
  15. ^ http://pro.imdb.com/title/tt0055689/trivia
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