Ovitz family
The Ovitz family was a family of Romanian-born Jewish circus actors[citation needed] and traveling musicians who survived imprisonment at the Auschwitz concentration camp during World War II. Most of them were dwarfs.
Origin
The Ovitz family originated from the commune of Rozavlea in Maramureş County. They were descended from Shimson Eizik Ovitz (1868-1923), badchan an entertainer and wandering rabbi. He fathered ten children, in total seven of them dwarfs (afflicted with spondyloepiphyseal dysplasia) from two marriages, in addition to taller ones.
The children from his first marriage to Brana Fruchter (she was of average height), Rozika and Franzika, were both dwarfs. Shimson's second wife Batia Bertha Husz, also average height, produced the following children: Avram (dwarf), Freida (dwarf), Sarah (average height), Micki (dwarf), Leah (average height), Elizabeth (dwarf), Arie (average height), and Piroska, also known as Pearla (dwarf). Batia gave her family one piece of advice that would stay with them for the rest of their lives, and that ultimately saved their lives. She said: "through thick and thin, never separate. Stick together, guard each other, and live for one another". The one brother who did not follow his mother's advice was killed in an extermination camp, and his wife, her parents, and their newborn daughter were killed in Auschwitz.
Lilliput Troupe
The children founded their own ensemble, the Lilliput Troupe. They sang and played music using small instruments and performed all over Romania, Hungary and Czechoslovakia in the 1930s and 1940s. The taller relatives helped backstage. The Ovitzes sang in Yiddish, Hungarian, Romanian, Russian and German. When they were not touring, they lived in a single house with their spouses.
At the start of World War II, there were 12 family members, seven of them dwarfs. When Hungary seized Northern Transylvania in September 1940, the new racial laws banned Jewish artists from entertaining non-Jews. Though the Ovitzes were observant Jews, they obtained papers which omitted the fact that they were Jewish and continued going on their tours until 1944. On May 15, 1944, all twelve family members were deported to Auschwitz. One taller brother escaped the round up but was later arrested and executed.
Into the death camp
Once in the camp, the Ovitzes attracted the attention of the German camp doctor Josef Mengele (known as the Angel of Death), who collected curiosities for his own experiments on heredity. He separated the Ovitzes from the rest of the camp inmates to add them to his collection of test subjects. He was curious about the fact that the family included both dwarfs and taller members. Eleven other prisoners claimed to be their relatives, and Mengele moved all of them to his "human zoo".
Wanting to spare the group of dwarfs (because they were harder to find than other kinds of test subjects, such as twins), Mengele arranged to have special living quarters built for them, so they could be monitored. In order to keep them healthy for his human experimentation, he arranged for them to have more hygienic living conditions, better food and their own bedclothes. Mengele even allowed them to keep their own clothes, and forced the taller members of the group to carry the dwarfs to the experimentation sites.
The Ovitzes - like many other camp inmates - were subjected to various tests. Mengele's physicians extracted bone marrow and pulled out teeth and hair to find signs of hereditary disease. They poured hot and cold water in their ears and blinded them with chemical drops. Gynecologists inspected the married women. 18-month-old Shinshon Ovitz was put through the worst ordeals because he had taller parents and was prematurely born; Mengele drew blood from the veins behind his ears and from his fingers. The Ovitzes also witnessed two newcomer dwarfs being killed and boiled so their bones could be exhibited in a museum. On one occasion, Mengele ordered them to strip naked so he could present them to a group of visiting dignitaries; he also made a film of them for Adolf Hitler's amusement. Fearing for their lives, the Ovitzes humored Mengele and sang German songs for him when ordered to do so.
They expected to be killed after Mengele had finished his experiments, but lived to see the liberation of Auschwitz on January 27, 1945. The Red Army took them to the Soviet Union where they lived in a refugee camp for some time before they were released.
Aftermath
The Ovitzes traveled on foot for seven months to their home village. They found their home looted, moved first to the village of Sighet and later to Belgium. In May 1949, they emigrated to Israel, settled in Haifa, and began their tours again, being quite successful and packing large concert halls. In 1955, they retired and bought a cinema hall.
Descendants of the dwarf men of the family were born taller; the women did not become pregnant due to their small pelvises. The firstborn of the dwarfs, Rozika Ovitz, died in 1984 at the age of 98. The last adult dwarf survivor of the family, Perla Ovitz, died in 2001.