Paraná, Entre Ríos
Paraná | |
|---|---|
 (From top to bottom; from left to right) Panoramic view of the city; Paraná Cathedral; Hotel Mayorasgo; Entre Ríos Government House and Toma Vieja. | |
 Coat of arms | |
| Country | Argentina |
| Province | Entre Ríos |
| Department | Paraná |
| Founded | 23 October 1730 |
| Government | |
| • Mayor | Blanca Osuna (PJ) |
| Area | |
• Total | 137 km2 (53 sq mi) |
| Elevation | 77 m (253 ft) |
| Population (2010) | |
• Total | 247,863 |
| • Density | 1,800/km2 (4,700/sq mi) |
| Demonym | Paranaense |
| Time zone | UTC−3 (ART) |
| CPA base | E3100 |
| Dialing code | +54 343 |
| Website | Official website |
Paraná (Spanish pronunciation: [paɾaˈna]) is the capital city of the Argentine province Entre Ríos, located on the eastern shore of the Paraná River, opposite the city of Santa Fe, capital of the neighbouring Santa Fe Province. The city has a population of 247,863 (2010 census [INDEC]).
Paraná is not only the head of the provincial government, but also an important river port for the transshipment of cereals, cattle, fish, and lumber from the surrounding region. The principal industries installed are the manufacture of cement, furniture, and ceramics.
The centre of the city gathers colonial churches, European styles such as that of the 3 de Febrero Theatre or the Government House, the mixed styles of the city's Cathedral, and modern towers like those near the Parque Urquiza park.
The city is connected to the city of Santa Fe on the other side of the Entre Ríos by the Hernandarias Subfluvial Tunnel inaugurated in 1969.
Paraná is served by General Justo José de Urquiza Airport (IATA PRA), at coordinates 31°47′07″S 60°28′09″W / 31.78528°S 60.46917°W, 7.5 kilometres (4.7 miles) from the city, with regular flights to Buenos Aires (Aeroparque Jorge Newbery). Another option is Sauce Viejo Airport in nearby Santa Fe.
History
During the 16th century, inhabitants of the city of Santa Fe settled also at the other side of the Parits neighbour capital of Santa Fe.
Climate
Paraná has a Pampean climate,[1] which under the Köppen climate classification, would be classified as a humid subtropical climate (Cfa).[2] The average annual temperature is 18 °C (64.4 °F).[1] Winters are characterized with mild temperatures during the day and very cold nights.[3] The average high is 18 °C (64.4 °F) while the average low is 5 °C (41.0 °F).[1] Temperatures occasionally fall below 1 °C (33.8 °F), leading to frosts.[1]
Spring and Fall are transitional seasons with warm temperatures during the day with cool temperatures during the night.[3] Normally, the last frost occurs on August 4 although frosts can occur as late as October 9.[4] The first frost occurs on June 22 though frosts as early as May has occurred.[4]
Summers are characterized by hot weather during the day with mild to warm nights.[3] The average temperature during summer is around 23 °C (73.4 °F) although heat waves can push temperatures above 37 °C (98.6 °F) while cool Pampero winds can push temperatures below 10 °C (50.0 °F).[1] Most of the precipitation occurs during the summer, receiving an average precipitation of 400 mm (16 in).[1] The city, along with the entire province is located in an area of high risk of tornadoes in the country, particularly during spring and summer.[5]
Paraná receives 1,069.1 mm (42.09 in) of precipitation per year, most of it concentrated in the summer months and there are 87 days with measurable precipitation.[6][7] The average relative humidity is 73%.[1] Wind speeds are moderate throughout the year, ranging from a low of 10.1 km/h (6.3 mph) in April to a high of 16.0 km/h (9.9 mph) in September.[3] Paraná receives an average of 2713.3 hours (or 61% of possible sunshine) of bright sunshine per year, ranging from a low of 51% in June to a high of 67% in January and February.[6] The highest temperature ever recorded was 40.0 °C (104.0 °F) on January 11, 1972 while the lowest temperature ever recorded was −7.0 °C (19.4 °F) on July 10, 1976.[4]
| Climate data for Paraná, Entre Ríos (General Justo José de Urquiza Airport) 1961–1990, extremes 1970–present | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Record high °C (°F) | 40.0 (104.0) |
39.7 (103.5) |
38.4 (101.1) |
33.5 (92.3) |
32.8 (91.0) |
29.5 (85.1) |
31.5 (88.7) |
36.0 (96.8) |
39.0 (102.2) |
38.5 (101.3) |
38.3 (100.9) |
39.7 (103.5) |
40.0 (104.0) |
| Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 31.3 (88.3) |
30.1 (86.2) |
27.5 (81.5) |
23.8 (74.8) |
20.7 (69.3) |
17.1 (62.8) |
17.2 (63.0) |
19.0 (66.2) |
21.1 (70.0) |
24.2 (75.6) |
27.1 (80.8) |
29.8 (85.6) |
24.1 (75.4) |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | 25.0 (77.0) |
23.8 (74.8) |
21.4 (70.5) |
17.7 (63.9) |
14.8 (58.6) |
11.6 (52.9) |
11.5 (52.7) |
12.6 (54.7) |
14.8 (58.6) |
18.0 (64.4) |
20.9 (69.6) |
23.5 (74.3) |
18.0 (64.4) |
| Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | 18.6 (65.5) |
17.8 (64.0) |
16.1 (61.0) |
12.7 (54.9) |
9.9 (49.8) |
7.1 (44.8) |
6.8 (44.2) |
7.3 (45.1) |
8.9 (48.0) |
12.0 (53.6) |
14.6 (58.3) |
17.1 (62.8) |
12.4 (54.3) |
| Record low °C (°F) | 7.5 (45.5) |
6.9 (44.4) |
4.3 (39.7) |
2.5 (36.5) |
−2.4 (27.7) |
−6.2 (20.8) |
−7.0 (19.4) |
−5.3 (22.5) |
−3.9 (25.0) |
−4.4 (24.1) |
2.3 (36.1) |
4.0 (39.2) |
−7.0 (19.4) |
| Average precipitation mm (inches) | 126.3 (4.97) |
127.0 (5.00) |
155.9 (6.14) |
101.6 (4.00) |
51.6 (2.03) |
34.0 (1.34) |
33.6 (1.32) |
35.6 (1.40) |
69.1 (2.72) |
106.4 (4.19) |
115.1 (4.53) |
112.9 (4.44) |
1,069.1 (42.09) |
| Average precipitation days (≥ 0.1 mm) | 9 | 8 | 9 | 7 | 6 | 5 | 6 | 5 | 6 | 9 | 8 | 9 | 87 |
| Average relative humidity (%) | 65 | 70 | 75 | 78 | 80 | 80 | 79 | 74 | 71 | 70 | 68 | 65 | 73 |
| Mean monthly sunshine hours | 291.4 | 249.2 | 238.7 | 213.0 | 189.1 | 156.0 | 170.5 | 201.5 | 207.0 | 251.1 | 273.0 | 272.8 | 2,713.3 |
| Percent possible sunshine | 67 | 67 | 62 | 63 | 58 | 51 | 53 | 59 | 58 | 62 | 66 | 62 | 61 |
| Source 1: NOAA,[6] Oficina de Riesgo Agropecuario (record highs and lows)[4] | |||||||||||||
| Source 2: Servicio Meteorológico Nacional (precipitation days)[7] | |||||||||||||
| Climate data for Paraná INTA (1934–2014) | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Record high °C (°F) | 42.0 (107.6) |
40.8 (105.4) |
39.5 (103.1) |
35.2 (95.4) |
35.8 (96.4) |
29.9 (85.8) |
31.4 (88.5) |
36.4 (97.5) |
40.0 (104.0) |
39.2 (102.6) |
41.5 (106.7) |
41.5 (106.7) |
42.0 (107.6) |
| Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 30.9 (87.6) |
29.6 (85.3) |
27.3 (81.1) |
23.4 (74.1) |
20.4 (68.7) |
17.1 (62.8) |
16.9 (62.4) |
18.9 (66.0) |
21.0 (69.8) |
23.9 (75.0) |
27.0 (80.6) |
29.5 (85.1) |
23.8 (74.8) |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | 24.9 (76.8) |
23.8 (74.8) |
21.8 (71.2) |
18.2 (64.8) |
15.4 (59.7) |
12.5 (54.5) |
12.0 (53.6) |
13.4 (56.1) |
15.3 (59.5) |
18.2 (64.8) |
20.9 (69.6) |
23.5 (74.3) |
18.3 (64.9) |
| Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | 18.8 (65.8) |
18.1 (64.6) |
16.5 (61.7) |
12.8 (55.0) |
10.6 (51.1) |
8.0 (46.4) |
7.0 (44.6) |
7.9 (46.2) |
9.6 (49.3) |
12.5 (54.5) |
14.9 (58.8) |
17.4 (63.3) |
12.8 (55.0) |
| Record low °C (°F) | 5.6 (42.1) |
5.0 (41.0) |
4.0 (39.2) |
1.1 (34.0) |
−1.6 (29.1) |
−3.4 (25.9) |
−5.5 (22.1) |
−3.0 (26.6) |
−1.9 (28.6) |
2.2 (36.0) |
3.6 (38.5) |
6.5 (43.7) |
−5.5 (22.1) |
| Average precipitation mm (inches) | 116 (4.6) |
110 (4.3) |
156 (6.1) |
105 (4.1) |
52 (2.0) |
39 (1.5) |
29 (1.1) |
32 (1.3) |
54 (2.1) |
106 (4.2) |
111 (4.4) |
117 (4.6) |
1,027 (40.4) |
| Average relative humidity (%) | 67 | 71 | 73 | 75 | 77 | 78 | 75 | 71 | 68 | 69 | 67 | 65 | 71 |
| Mean monthly sunshine hours | 285.2 | 237.3 | 238.7 | 198.0 | 179.8 | 147.0 | 173.6 | 195.3 | 210.0 | 235.6 | 261.0 | 279.0 | 2,640.5 |
| Mean daily sunshine hours | 9.2 | 8.4 | 7.7 | 6.5 | 5.8 | 4.9 | 5.6 | 6.3 | 7.0 | 7.6 | 8.7 | 9.0 | 7.2 |
| Source: Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria[8] | |||||||||||||
Notable residents
- Salvador Maciá (1855-1929), Governor of Entre Ríos Province
References
- ^ a b c d e f g "Características de la ciudad" (in Spanish). Gobierno Municipal de la Ciudad de Paraná. Retrieved October 9, 2015.
- ^ Peel, M. C. and Finlayson, B. L. and McMahon, T. A. (2007). "Updated world map of the Köppen–Geiger climate classification" (PDF). Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci. 11: 1633–1644. doi:10.5194/hess-11-1633-2007. ISSN 1027-5606.
{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) CS1 maint: unflagged free DOI (link) - ^ a b c d "Datos Estadísticos (Período 1981-1990)" (in Spanish). Servicio Meteorológico Nacional. Retrieved October 9, 2015.
- ^ a b c d "Parana, Entre Rios". Estadísticas meteorológicas decadiales (in Spanish). Oficina de Riesgo Agropecuario. Retrieved October 9, 2015.
- ^ "Provincia de Entre Ríos - Clima Y Meteorologia: Datos Meteorologicos Y Pluviometicos" (in Spanish). Secretaria de Mineria de la Nacion (Argentina). Retrieved October 9, 2015.
- ^ a b c "Parana Aero Climate Normals 1961–1990". National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Retrieved 30 March 2015.
- ^ a b "Valores Medios de Temperatura y Precipitación-Entre Rios: Parana" (in Spanish). Servicio Meteorológico Nacional. Retrieved March 30, 2015.
- ^ "Valores Promedios de la Serie Histórica - EEA Paraná" (PDF) (in Spanish). Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria. Retrieved December 5, 2015.
External links
- Official website Template:Es icon
- Municipal information: Municipal Affairs Federal Institute (IFAM), Municipal Affairs Secretariat, Ministry of Interior, Argentina. (in Spanish)
- Universidad Nacional de Entre Ríos Template:Es icon
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