Phidippus

Phidippus
	Phidippus audax shows green chelicerae
Scientific classification
Domain:	Eukaryota
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Arthropoda
Subphylum:	Chelicerata
Class:	Arachnida
Order:	Araneae
Infraorder:	Araneomorphae
Family:	Salticidae
Subfamily:	Salticinae
Genus:	Phidippus; C. L. Koch, 1846
Type species
	Attus audax; Hentz, 1845
Species
	See text.
Diversity
	60 species

Phidippus is a genus in the family Salticidae (jumping spiders). Some of the largest jumping spiders inhabit this genus, and many species are characterized by their brilliant, iridescent green chelicerae. Phidippus is distributed almost exclusively in North America, with the exception of two exported species (Phidippus audax and Phidippus regius).^[1] As of 2004, there are 60 valid described species in the genus. Species previously described in Phidippus which are found in India and Bangladesh do not belong in this genus.^[1]

Name

The genus name is likely derived from Cicero's speech Pro Rege Deiotaro (Speech in Behalf of King Deiotarus): Phidippus was a slave who was physician to King Deiotaros.^[2] Literally, the words means "one who spares horses" in Ancient Greek.^[3]

The name for the jumping spider family, Salticidae, also comes from the verb "to jump" in Latin.

Accepted species

The genus Phidippus consists of the following 60 species:^[4]

Phidippus adonis Edwards, 2004 – Mexico
Phidippus adumbratus Gertsch, 1934 – United States
Phidippus amans Edwards, 2004 – Mexico
Phidippus albulatus F. O. P-Cambridge, 1901 – Mexico
Phidippus apacheanus Chamberlin & Gertsch, 1929 – United States, Mexico, Cuba
Phidippus ardens Peckham & Peckham, 1901 – United States, Mexico
Phidippus arizonensis (Peckham & Peckham, 1883) – United States, Mexico
Phidippus asotus Chamberlin & Ivie, 1933 – United States, Mexico
Phidippus audax (Hentz, 1845) – North America, introduced in Hawaii, Nicobar Islands
Phidippus aureus Edwards, 2004 – United States
Phidippus bidentatus F. O. P.-Cambridge, 1901 – United States to Costa Rica
Phidippus boei Edwards, 2004 – United States, Mexico
Phidippus borealis Banks, 1895 – United States, Canada, Alaska
Phidippus californicus Peckham & Peckham, 1901 – North America
Phidippus cardinalis (Hentz, 1845) – United States, Mexico
Phidippus carneus Peckham & Peckham, 1896 – United States, Mexico
Phidippus carolinensis Peckham & Peckham, 1909 – United States, Mexico
Phidippus cerberus Edwards, 2004 – Mexico
Phidippus clarus Keyserling, 1885 – North America
Phidippus comatus Peckham & Peckham, 1901 – North America
Phidippus concinnus Gertsch, 1934 – United States
Phidippus cruentus F. O. P.-Cambridge, 1901 – Mexico
Phidippus cryptus Edwards, 2004 – United States, Canada
Phidippus dianthus Edwards, 2004 – Mexico
Phidippus felinus Edwards, 2004 – United States
Phidippus georgii Peckham & Peckham, 1896 – Mexico to El Salvador
Phidippus insignarius C. L. Koch, 1846 – United States
Phidippus johnsoni (Peckham & Peckham, 1883) – North America
Phidippus kastoni Edwards, 2004 – United States
Phidippus lynceus Edwards, 2004 – United States
Phidippus maddisoni Edwards, 2004 – Mexico
Phidippus mimicus Edwards, 2004 – Mexico
Phidippus morpheus Edwards, 2004 – United States, Mexico
Phidippus mystaceus (Hentz, 1846) – United States
Phidippus nikites Chamberlin & Ivie, 1935 – United States, Mexico
Phidippus octopunctatus (Peckham & Peckham, 1883) – United States, Mexico
Phidippus olympus Edwards, 2004 – United States
Phidippus otiosus (Hentz, 1846) – United States
Phidippus phoenix Edwards, 2004 – United States, Mexico
Phidippus pius Scheffer, 1905 – United States to Costa Rica
Phidippus pompatus Edwards, 2004 – Mexico
Phidippus princeps (Peckham & Peckham, 1883) – United States, Canada
Phidippus pruinosus Peckham & Peckham, 1909 – United States
Phidippus pulcherrimus Keyserling, 1885 – United States
Phidippus purpuratus Keyserling, 1885 – United States, Canada
Phidippus putnami (Peckham & Peckham, 1883) – United States
Phidippus regius C. L. Koch, 1846 (United States, West Indies, Easter Island – introduced)
Phidippus richmani Edwards, 2004 – United States
Phidippus texanus Banks, 1906 – United States, Mexico
Phidippus tigris Edwards, 2004 – United States
Phidippus toro Edwards, 1978 – United States, Mexico
Phidippus tux Pinter, 1970 – United States, Mexico
Phidippus tyrannus Edwards, 2004 – United States, Mexico
Phidippus tyrrelli Peckham & Peckham, 1901 – North America
Phidippus ursulus Edwards, 2004 – United States
Phidippus venus Edwards, 2004 – Mexico
Phidippus vexans Edwards, 2004 – United States
Phidippus whitmani Peckham & Peckham, 1909 – United States, Canada
Phidippus workmani Peckham & Peckham, 1901 – United States
Phidippus zethus Edwards, 2004 – Mexico

Misplaced species

In addition to the species above, several species have been misplaced in the genus (according to Edward's revision) but have yet to be transferred to other genera.^[1] These include:

Phidippus aeneidens Taczanowski, 1878 – Peru
Phidippus albocinctus Caporiacco, 1947 – Guyana
Phidippus bengalensis Tikader, 1977 – India
Phidippus bhimrakshiti Gajbe, 2004 – India
Phidippus birabeni Mello-Leitão, 1944 – Argentina
Phidippus calcuttaensis Biswas, 1984 – India
Phidippus exlineae Caporiacco, 1955 – Venezuela
Phidippus guianensis Caporiacco, 1947 – Guyana
Phidippus hingstoni Mello-Leitão, 1948 – Guyana
Phidippus khandalaensis Tikader, 1977 – India
Phidippus majumderi Biswas, 1999 – Bangladesh
Phidippus punjabensis Tikader, 1974 – India
Phidippus tenuis Kraus, 1955 – El Salvador
Phidippus tirapensis Biswas & Biswas, 2006 – India
Phidippus yashodharae Tikader, 1977 – Andaman Is.
Phidippus zebrinus Mello-Leitão, 1945 – Argentina

Footnotes

^ ^a ^b ^c Edwards, G. B. (2004). pp. vii, 4–6.
^ Cicero (45 BCE). "Pro Rege Deiotaro".
^ Ubick et al. 2005
^ Edwards, G. B. (2004). p. vii.

References

Gardner, B.T. (1965): Observations on Three Species of Phidippus Jumping Spiders (Araneae: Salticidae). Psyche 72:133-147 PDF (P. californicus = P. coccineus, P. apacheanus, P. octopunctatus = P. opifex)
Ubick, D., Paquin, P., Cushing, P.E. and Roth, V. (editors) (2005): Spiders of North America: An Identification Manual. American Arachnological Society ISBN 0-9771439-0-2
Edwards, G.B. (2004): Revision of the jumping spiders of the genus Phidippus (Araneae: Salticidae). Occasional Papers of the Florida State Collection of Arthropods 11: i-viii, 1-156, 350 figs.
Platnick, Norman I. (2009): The world spider catalog, version 9.5. American Museum of Natural History.

External links

Videos

David Edwin Hill: Portrait of feeding female Phidippus audax – Video
David Edwin Hill: Variable female forms of the jumping spider Phidippus clarus – Video

Pictures

"Bold Jumping Spider" - Phidippus audax
Awesome Spiders: Photographs of P. arizonensis
Phidippus clarus diagnostic photographs, male and female specimens
Phidippus mystaceus photographs, adult male specimen
Phidippus princeps reference photographs
Phidippus otiosus adult male specimen
Catalog of genus Phidippus
Pictures of Phidippus species (P. adumbratus, P. apacheanus, P. arizonensis, P. asotus, P. audax, P. basalis, P. boei, P. cardinalis, P. carneus, P. clarus, P. comatus,P. cruentus, P. johnsoni, P. mystaceus, P. octopunctatus, P. olympus, P. otlosus, P. phoenix, P. plus, P. princeps, P. pruinosus, P. pulcherrimus, P. purpuratus, P. putnami, P. regius, P. richmani, P. texanus, P. tigris, P. toro, P. tyrelli, P. whitmani and P. workmani.)
Picture of Phidippus species (free for noncommercial use)

[distribution-1] Edwards, G. B. (2004). pp. vii, 4–6.

[2] Cicero (45 BCE). "Pro Rege Deiotaro".

[3] Ubick et al. 2005

[species-4] Edwards, G. B. (2004). p. vii.

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