Piara Singh Gill

Piara Singh Gill
Piara Singh Gill
Born	(1911-10-28)28 October 1911 Chela, near Kot Fatuhi, Hoshiarpur district, Punjab British India
Died	23 March 2002(2002-03-23) (aged 90)
Nationality	Indian
Alma mater	University of Southern California University of Chicago
Known for	Advanced nuclear cosmic ray research. Scientists who worked on the Manhattan project & First director of CSIO.
Scientific career
Fields	Nuclear physics
Institutions	Tata Institute of Fundamental Research Atomic Energy Commission of India Aligarh Muslim University Punjab Agricultural University University of Chicago First Director of Central Scientific Instruments Organization (CSIO)
Doctoral advisor	Arthur Compton

Piara Singh Gill (28 October 1911 – 23 March 2002) was an Indian nuclear physicist who was a pioneer in cosmic ray nuclear physics and worked on the American Manhattan project. He was the first Director of Central Scientific Instruments Organisation (CSIO) of India. He was research fellow of University of Chicago (1940). He was research Professorship fellow of Tata Institute of Fundamental Research (TIFR) (1947), Officer-on-Special Duty (OSD) with the Atomic Energy Commission in New Delhi. Professor and head of the Department of Physics at Aligarh University (1949), Director of Central Scientific Instruments Organization (CSIO) (1959) and Professor Emeritus Punjab Agricultural University (1971).

Personal life

He was born on 28 October 1911 in a Gill Jat family in the village of Chela in Hoshiarpur district of Punjab. He attended Khalsa High School in Mahilpur (1928) and left for America in 1929. He attended and graduated with a bachelor's and master's degrees from University of Southern California. He worked for his PhD in Physics at University of Chicago under the supervision and guidance of Arthur Compton, the Nobel Prize winning scientist. He received his PhD in March 1940. He was a good friend and close colleague of Homi J. Bhabha, who offered him the research fellow professorship at Tata Institute of Fundamental Research in 1947.

He was a close friend of Nehru, who was impressed with his scientific breakthroughs. Nehru offered him the post of Officer-on-Special Duty (OSD) with the Atomic Energy Commission in New Delhi; he asked him to become the first Director of Central Scientific Instruments Organization (CSIO) of India.

Photo of Professor Piara Singh Gill.

He as its Director established (CSIO) as a leader in advanced scientific instrument design in Asia. Gill was a key advisor and planner to Nehru on India's nuclear weapons strategy in the 1950s-1960s.

Robert Oppenheimer was a close colleague and friend who he worked with on the Manhattan project. Oppenheimer asked Gill to present a paper at the California Institute of Technology at a conference arranged to celebrate the 80th birthday of Professor Robert Millikan, winner of the 1928 Physics Nobel Prize.

Some free excerpts from Professor Piara Singh Gill's autobiography can be read at Google Books.

Positions held

• Research Fellow, University of Chicago, 1940-41.
• Lecturer in Physics, Forman Christian College, Lahore, 1940-47.
• Professor of Experimental Physics, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Bombay, 1947-48.
• Officer-on-special Duty, Atomic Energy Commission, 1948-49.
• Professor and Head, Department of Physics, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, 1949-63.
• Dean, Faculty of Science, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, 1950–53 and 1956-58.
• Director, Gulmarg Research Observatory, Gulmarg, 1951-71.
• Honorary Scientific Adviser to the Government of Punjab.
• Director, Central Scientific Instruments Organization (CSIO), Chandigarh, 1963-71.
• Professor Emeritus, Punjab Agricultural University, 1972-1982.
• Chairman, Universal Magnetics (P) Ltd.
• Adjunct Professor of Physics, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia, 1990-1994.

Honorary professor of physics

• University of Jammu and University of Kashmir.
• Punjab University

Membership of learned societies

• Fellow of the American Physical Society.
• Fellow of the Indian Physical Society.
• Fellow of the National Academy of Sciences of India.
• Fellow of the Indian National Science Academy.
• Fellow of the Explorers Club.

Positions held in the societies

• President of the Physics section of the Indian Science Congress (1954).
• President of the National Academy of Sciences of India (1957–58).
• President of the Indian Physical Society.
• Secretary (Outstation) Indian Science Congress Association (1960–63).
• Foreign Secretary, Indian National Science Academy (1961–64).
• Vice-President, Northern Indian Science Association.
• President, Optical Society of India (1970).

Membership of learned bodies

• Member of the U.P. Scientific Research Committee.
• Member of the U.P. University Grants Committee.
• Member of the Council of the Indian National Science Academy.
• Member of the Council of Indian Physical Society.
• Member of the Council of the National Academy of Sciences of India.
• Member of the Board of Editors of the Indian Journal of Physics.
• Member of the Faculties of the University of Lucknow, Banaras and Allahabad.
• Member of the National Scientific Advisory Council of the Institute of Comprehensive Medicine and also the Editorial Board of the Int. Journal for Comprehensive Medicine, California.
• Member, Panel of Consultants in Technological Sciences and Applied Research to the Director-General of UNESCO, 1967.
• Chairman, Development Council for Instruments Industry set up by the Govt. of India, Ministry of Internal Trade and Company Affairs (Department of Industrial Development).
• Member, Senate, Punjab University, Chandigarh.
• Member, Senate, and Syndicate, Punjabi University, Patiala.
• Member, Senate, Guru Nanak Dev University, Armitsar.

See also

• Homi J. Bhabha

External links

• Article on Professor Piara Singh Gill
• News Article on Professor Piara Singh Gill
• Scientific papers of Professor Piara Singh Gill
• Autobiography of Professor Piara Singh Gill
• Autobiography 2 of Professor Piara Singh Gill
• Research papers of Professor Piara Singh Gill
• Paper on studies conducted on Cosmic Rays at Gulmarg Research Observatory by Professor Piara Singh Gill