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Sim racing wheel

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A race of Forza Motorsport 6, utilizing a racing wheel controller, at the EB Games Expo 2015.

A racing wheel is a method of control for use in racing video games, racing simulators, and driving simulators. They are usually packaged with a large paddle styled as a steering wheel, along with a set of pedals for gas, brake, and sometimes clutch actuation, as well as various shifter controls. An analog wheel and pedal set such as this allows the user to accurately manipulate steering angle and pedal control that is required to properly manage a simulated car, as opposed to digital control such as a keyboard. The relatively large range of motion further allows the user to more accurately apply the controls. Racing wheels have been developed for use with arcade games, game consoles, personal computers, and also for professional driving simulators for race drivers.

One of the earliest racing wheels for the PC mass market was the Thrustmaster Formula T1, released in 1994.[1][2] It had no force feedback, only some form of spring-based centering resistance proportional to the steering angle.[3] Two of the earliest FFB wheels for the consumer PC market were the Microsoft Sidewinder Force Feedback Wheel,[4] released in 1997, and the Logitech Wingman Formula Force.

Force feedback

Racing wheels started off as simple plastic wheels hooked up to a rotary potentiometer, which were sprung by springs or bungees. These spring-based wheels had a reactive torque that increased proportionally only to the steering angle, without regard for the simulated vehicle dynamics.[5]

Eventually manufacturers began to use electric motors in the controllers, in place of springs, in order to achieve a level of force feedback (sometimes abbreviated FFB), first seen in Microsoft's Sidewinder wheel. At first this technology simply provided the centering force and other artificial effects such as shaking the wheel in a crash or other vibrations. However, as driving simulations have evolved, their physics engines have become more accurate,[citation needed] allowing also for linking the force feedback close to the simulated vehicle dynamics of the in-game physics.[5] This allows the user to truly feel what forces go through the steering rack, instead of just artificial effects, and genuinely enhance the realism of the game.[citation needed] A fundamental factor for an adequate subjective steering-feel and perception of drivability from a force feedback wheel, is the transfer function from steering torque to steering angle.[6][7]

In 2015, a preliminary comparison of gear-driven and direct drive wheels in the 0-30Hz frequency range, for a study on hard real-time multibody simulation and high-fidelity steering wheel force feedback, concluded that direct drive wheels are preferable.[8]

Comparison of racing wheels

Subsections by motor type: no FFB, gear- or belt-driven, and direct drive wheels.

No FFB

Manufacturer Product Year Max Rotation (Deg) FFB Clutch Shifter Brake Sensor Pedal Type
Atomic Lamborghini Gallardo Evo Racing Wheel 270 No No Paddles Potentiometer Standing
BRD Sim Pro Wheel, Speed7 Pedals (<=2013) 290 No Optional Paddles Potentiometer Standing
Thrustmaster Formula T1 1994 No
Thrustmaster Formula T2 1995[9] No


Thrustmaster Ferrari Wireless Gt F430 Scuderia Edition Cockpit 270 No No Paddles Potentiometer Standing
Thrustmaster Ferrari GT 3-in-1 180 No No Paddles Potentiometer Standing
Microsoft Sidewinder Precision Racing Wheel 240 No No Paddles Potentiometer Standing
ECCI Trackstar 6000 Series Wheel/Pedals 270 No [a] Optional Paddles "Pressure Modulated" Standing
ECCI Trackstar 7000 Force Feedback 900 — — — — —
Thomas SuperWheel TSW Wheels, Pedals 720 No Optional Paddles, Sequential Load Cell optional Standing
A1 A1 GT Wheel 500 No [b] — Paddles — —

Gear- and/or belt-driven

Earlier products

Manufacturer Product Year Max Rotation (Deg) FFB mechanism Wheel detaches from the base Wheel cover material Clutch Shifter Brake Sensor Pedal Type
Fanatec Le Mans SE ? Yes No Paddles Potentiometer Standing
Fanatec Speedster 2 ? Yes No Paddles Potentiometer Standing
Fanatec Speedster 3 (<=2005)[10] 210[10] Yes No Paddles Potentiometer Standing
Guillemot Race Force-Feedback[11] (<=2000) Yes
InterAct FX Racing Wheel Review (<=1999) Yes
InterAct V4 Force Feedback[12] Yes
Thrustmaster Ferrari 458 Italia 270 Yes No Paddles Potentiometer Standing
Thrustmaster Ferrari F430 270 Yes No Paddles Potentiometer Standing
Thrustmaster RGT FFB Clutch [c] 270 Yes Yes Paddles, Sequential Potentiometer Standing
Thrustmaster FGT 2-in-1 Force Feedback 180 Yes No Paddles Potentiometer Standing
Saitek R4 Force Wheel[13][14] (<=1999)[15] Yes
Saitek R660GT 180 Yes No Paddles, Sequential Potentiometer Hanging
Microsoft Xbox 360 Wireless Racing Wheel 270 Yes No Paddles Potentiometer Standing


Defender Extreme Turbo (PRO) 180 Yes No Sequential — Standing

Gear-driven

Manufacturer Product Year Max Rotation (Deg) FFB mechanism Wheel detaches from the base Wheel cover material Clutch Shifter Brake Sensor Pedal Type
Microsoft Sidewinder Force Feedback Wheel 1997 240 Gears[16] No Paddles Potentiometer Standing
Act Labs Force RS (Force Racing System) (<=2000)[17] 270 Gears[16] No Paddles Potentiometer Standing
Logitech Formula Force 180 Yes No No Paddles Potentiometer Standing
Logitech Driving Force EX No 180 Yes No Paddles Potentiometer Standing
Logitech Wingman Formula Force Wheel[16] (<=2000)[18] Steel belts and motors[16] No
Logitech GT Force 2001[19] Yes


Logitech MOMO Force (Red MOMO) 2004[20] 270 Yes No No Paddles Potentiometer Standing
Logitech MOMO Racing Force 2005[20] 240 Yes No No Paddles, Sequential Potentiometer Standing
Logitech Driving Force Pro 900 Yes No No Paddles, Sequential Potentiometer Standing
Logitech Driving Force GT 2007[19] 900 Yes No No Paddles, Sequential Potentiometer Standing


Logitech G25 2006[21] 900 Gear-driven (with straight-cut gears)[22] No Yes Paddles, H-shift, Sequential Potentiometer Standing
Logitech G27 900 (helical) gear-driven[22] No Leather[23] Yes Paddles, H-shift Potentiometer Standing
Logitech G920 2015[24] 900 Yes No Yes Paddles, H-shift Potentiometer Standing
Logitech G29 2015[24] 900 Gear-driven[25] No Yes Paddles, H-shift Potentiometer Standing
Logitech G923 TRUEFORCE Sim Racing Wheel 2020[24] 900 Dual-motor geared force feedback

Hybrid gear and belt-driven

Manufacturer Product Year Max Rotation (Deg) FFB mechanism Wheel detaches from the base Wheel cover material Clutch Shifter Brake Sensor Pedal Type
Thrustmaster T150 RS 2015 1080 hybrid No Paddles Potentiometer Standing
Thrustmaster T150 Pro 1080 Mixed belt-pulley and gears system[26][27] Yes Paddles Potentiometer Standing
Thrustmaster T248 2021 1080 hybrid

Belt-driven

Manufacturer Product Year Max Rotation (Deg) FFB mechanism Wheel detaches from the base Wheel cover material Clutch Shifter Brake Sensor Pedal Type
Fanatec [d] Porsche 911 Turbo S Wheel (<=2009)[28] 900 Belt-driven — Paddles — —
Fanatec [d] Porsche 911 GT2 Wheel (<2011)[29] 900 belt-driven Mabuchi 550 motor[29] Alcantara — Paddles — —
Fanatec [d] Forza Motorsport CSR Elite Wheel (<=2011) 900 Yes — Paddles — —
Fanatec [d] Forza Motorsport CSR Wheel (<=2011)[29] 900 belt-driven Mabuchi 550 motor[29] — Paddles — —
Fanatec [d] Porsche 911 Carrera Wheel 2011[30] 900 belt-driven[30] Yes Paddles, H-Shift — Standing
Fanatec [d] Porsche 911 GT3 RS Wheel (<=2011)[30] 900 Belt-driven[30] — Paddles — —
Fanatec CSL Elite Wheel 2017[31] 1080-degree[31] Yes, single non-ribbed belt-drive,[31] up to 6 Nm torque[32] — Paddles — —
Fanatec [d] ClubSport Wheel (CSW) v.1 (<=2013) 900 Single belt drive (Single gear toothed belt drive), brushless servo motor[33] Yes — Paddles — —
Fanatec [d] ClubSport Wheel (CSW) V2.5 900 dual belt-drive, up to 8 Nm torque[32] Yes — Paddles — —
Thrustmaster T300 RS[34] 2014[35][36] 1080 Dual-belt-driven,[25][37] brushless motor, hall sensor with 65k positions resolution[38] Yes[39] Rubber[23] Yes Paddles Potentiometer Standing
Thrustmaster T500 RS 2011[40] 1080 Brushed motors[37] Yes[39] Yes Paddles Potentiometer Standing/Hanging
Thrustmaster TS-PC Racer 2017[41] 1080 dual-belt-drive,[42] brushless motor (about 6 Nm torque), hall sensor with 65k positions resolution[43] Yes Pseudo-alcantara[43][44] — —

Direct-drive bases or wheel + base combos

Main article: Comparison of direct-drive sim racing wheels

Other types / uncategorized

Manufacturer Product Year Max Rotation (Deg) FFB Clutch Shifter Brake Sensor Pedal Type
Frex Simwheel [e] V1[45] 2008[46] 1080 Yes — — — —


VPP Wheel, Hyperreal Pedals (<= 2006) 270 Yes Optional Paddles Potentiometer Standing

Other equipment (not wheels): pedals, shifters, etc.

Manufacturer Product Max Rotation (Deg) FFB Clutch Shifter Brake Sensor Pedal Type
Fanatec [d] Standard Pedals — — Yes — Potentiometer Standing
Fanatec [d] CSR Pedals — — Yes — Potentiometer Standing/Hanging
Fanatec [d] CSR Elite Pedals — — Yes — Load Cell Standing/Hanging
Fanatec [d] ClubSport Pedals — — Yes — Load Cell Standing
Fanatec [d] Porsche Shifter — — — H-shift, Sequential — —
Fanatec [d] CSR Shifter — — — H-shift, Sequential — —
Frex Sim2Pedal — — No — Hydraulic w/ Load Cell (HydroBrake) Optional
Frex Sim3Pedal — — Yes — Hydraulic w/ Load Cell (HydroBrake) Optional
Frex HShift+ — — — H-shift — —
Frex Shift+ — — — Sequential — —
A1 A1 GT Pedals — — Yes — Potentiometer Standing
A1 A1 Pro Pedals — — Yes — Load Cell Optional
A1 GearBox — — — H-Shift — —
Act Labs RS Shifter — — — H-shift — —
Act Labs RS Pedals — — Yes — Potentiometer Standing
CST (Cannon Simulation Technologies) Pedals — — Optional — "Pressure Sensing" Hanging
Redline Pedals — — Optional — Potentiometer Hanging
REVZALOT P36 Pedals — — Yes — Load Cell Standing

Notes

  1. ^ Utilizes fluid dampening.
  2. ^ Future FFB addon possible.
  3. ^ Includes two separate analog paddle axis.
  4. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n Components may be packaged together in some cases and sold as a bundle.
  5. ^ Includes hub mechanism only; wheel and adapters not included.

References

  1. ^ Andrew See (1994) THRUSTMASTER FORMULA T1 DRIVING SIMULATOR CONTROLS by Thrustmaster, Game Bytes Magazine
  2. ^ DARIN GANGI Throwback Thursday: Thrustmaster T1, AUGUST 22, 2014
  3. ^ Thrustmaster Formula T1/T2 Profile
  4. ^ Julien Jay SideWinder Force Feedback Wheel review
  5. ^ a b Dell’Amico, M., Marzani, S., Minin, L., Montanari, R., Tesauri, F., Mariani, & Tango, F. (2007) Design of an adaptive feedback based steering wheel, p.181, in Marvin J. Dainoff (Ed., 2007) International Conference on Ergonomics and Health Aspects of Work with Computers (pp. 180-188). Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg.
  6. ^ Chen, W., Chugh, T., Klomp, M., Ran, S., & Lidberg, M. (2017) Design and control of the steering torque feedback in a vehicle driving simulator, in Maksym Spiryagin, Timothy Gordon, Colin Cole, Tim McSweeney (Eds., 2021) The Dynamics of Vehicles on Roads and Tracks, ch.7 (pp. 213-219). CRC Press, p.215
  7. ^ Harrer, M., Pfeffer, P., & Braess, H. H. (2017). Steering-feel, interaction between driver and car. In Steering Handbook (pp. 149-168). Springer, Cham.
  8. ^ Pastorino, R., Desloovere, M., Vanneste, F., Degezelle, P., Desmet, W., & Optidrive, N. V. (2015) Development, implementation and validation of a hard real-time multibody simulation for high-fidelity steering wheel force feedback, in Proceedings of the ECCOMAS Thematic Conference on Multibody Dynamics, Barcelona, Spain (Vol. 10).
  9. ^ The Red Chip Review, Issues 2-6, Crown Point Publishing, 1997, p.40
  10. ^ a b Fanatec Speedster 3 (Xbox) Review, Gabriel Vega, neoseeker.com, Sunday, June 12th, 2005
  11. ^ Fabio "Bill" Cristi Microsoft Sidewinder Force Feedback Wheel - Review
  12. ^ [1]
  13. ^ Saitek R4 Force - wheel and pedals set - wireless Specs, at cnet.com
  14. ^ Saitek R4 Review, August 1st, 1999
  15. ^ William Gall Saitek R4 ForceFeedback Wheel Review @ RDGR, 3D Gaming World Hardware Review, March 21, 1999
  16. ^ a b c d Gonzo Wingman Formula Force Wheel, arstechnica
  17. ^ Yingzong [2], Hardware One, 12/01/00
  18. ^ P. Masrani Logitech Wingman Formula Force Review, pcstats, Apr 20 2000
  19. ^ a b Andrew Evans Logitech G Teases New Racing Wheel, Reveal Due August 5, gtplanet.net, August 4, 2020
  20. ^ a b Logitech Momo Racing Force-Feedback Wheel, Joel Santo Domingo, pcmag.com, Mar 17, 2005
  21. ^ BEN KUCHERA Logitech G25 Racing Wheel review, arstechnica, 10/25/2006
  22. ^ a b "Logitech G27 a Step Up From the G25?". Tekcore Magazine. November 7, 2011. Archived from the original on September 25, 2013. Retrieved August 16, 2012.
  23. ^ a b Andrew Williams Thrustmaster T300 GTE Review, November 3, 2014
  24. ^ a b c Logitech G923 Review: Mainstream Mainstay, August 22, 2020 (updated Aug 24, 2020), Andrew Evans, gtplanet.net
  25. ^ a b Sim / By FLOW RACERS Thrustmaster T300RS GT Review
  26. ^ Smoljic, Hrvoje THRUSTMASTER T150 PRO RACING WHEEL REVIEW: ENTRY LEVEL EXCELLENCE, keengamer.com, 2020-04-18
  27. ^ t150-pro-forcefeedback at thrustmaster.com (retrieved October 2021)
  28. ^ Fanatec Porsche 911 Turbo S Wheel – Review
  29. ^ a b c d [3]
  30. ^ a b c d Fanatec Porsche 911 Carrera Wheel – Review, virtualr.net
  31. ^ a b c [4]
  32. ^ a b Fanatec ClubSport V2.5 review, at techradar.com
  33. ^ CSL Elite Wheel Base V1.1 at fanatec.com
  34. ^ Thrustmaster T300RS GT Review, Sim Racing Garage, Feb 17, 2018
  35. ^ T300 RS: THE FIRST OFFICIAL FORCE FEEDBACK WHEEL FOR PLAYSTATION®4, Thrustmaster official Press release, Los Angeles, June 10, 2014
  36. ^ T300 RS, the first force feedback racing wheel for the Playstation®4 System !, Thrustmaster official Press release, New York, 09.15.2014
  37. ^ a b Andrew WilliamsThrustmaster T300 RS Review, trustedreviews.com, October 27, 2016
  38. ^ Thrustmaster Racing Wheels Benchmarking, thrustmaster.com
  39. ^ a b Thrustmaster T300 RS review, from isrtv.com, beracer.com
  40. ^ Greer, Jordan Thrustmaster T300RS Review, gtplanet.net, February 9, 2015 (updated Jun 26, 2017)
  41. ^ Matej Inside Sim Racing Reviews Thrustmaster TS-PC Racer, January 9, 2017 (updated Jan 24, 2018)
  42. ^ Sim Racing Garage Thrustmaster TS-PC Ferrari 488 Challenge Edition Review, Oct 14, 2018
  43. ^ a b Josh Walrath THRUSTMASTER TS-PC WHEEL REVIEW: A GENUINE LEAP, pcper.com, Feb 27, 2018
  44. ^ GamerMuscleVideos THRUSTMASTER TS PC RACER WHEEL REVIEW, Dec 13, 2016
  45. ^ Frex Sim Wheel v1
  46. ^ Frex Sim Wheel Review by SRT at InsideSimRacing, Aug 25, 2008

See also

Template:Sim racing

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