Red-breasted swallow
| Red-breasted swallow | |
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| Species: | C. semirufa
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| Binomial name | |
| Cecropis semirufa (Sundevall, 1850)
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Hirundo semirufa | |
The red-breasted swallow , also known as the rufous-chested swallow, (Cecropis semirufa) is a large swallow, a member of the Hirundinidae family of swallows and martins. It breeds in equatorial Africa, although most common in the east. It is a partial migrant, following the rains beyond the breeding range in the wet season.
Description
The red-breasted swallow is similar to the mosque swallow but is slightly smaller and has longer tail streatmers, both species having a blue crown and mantle contrasting with a rufous rump and underparts, In the red-breasted swallow the dark crown extends below the eye and there is no white on the underwing. The juvenile is similar to the red-rumped swallow but has blue on the side of the head rather than blue.[2]
Distribution and movements
The red-breasted swallow is fund over most of Africa south of the Sahara from the Eastern Cape north to northern Namibia and southern Angola in the west and Mozambique in the east, with a disjunct range from Senegal south to northern Angola east to Uganda, south western Kenya and north western Tanzania.[2]
The red-breasted swallow is migratory in most of its range, in southern Africa is a summer visitor, nesting between July and March with most of the population migrating to equatorial Africa, although a few remain all year. In some parts of its range, e.g. in south-eastern Nigeria to Gabon it appears to be resident but is mostly a rainy season breeding visitor across its northern range.[2]
Habitat
The red-breasted swallow is a bird of dry open country. In more wooded areas it is replaced by the similar mosque swallow. It builds a closed mud nest with a tubular entrance in a cavity or under bridges and similar structures. It will use deserted buildings, tree holes or caves, and has benefited from the construction of railway bridges and similar structures. Three eggs is a typical clutch.[2]
Biology
The red-breasted swallow builds a closed mud nest with a tubular entrance in a cavity or under bridges and similar structures. It will use deserted buildings, tree holes or caves, and has benefited from the construction of railway bridges and similar structures. It is generally a solitary species and pairs rarely breed in groups. Three eggs is a typical clutch. These birds feed on insects which are almost all caught in the air and the species rarely lands on the ground rather perching on wires and twigs. The typical flight is slow and buoyant.[2] Like the closely related red-rumped and mosque swallows the nests of the red-breasted swallow are often usurped by the white-rumped swift.[3]
Subspecies
There are two recognised subspecies.[2]
- Cecropis semirufa gordoni is a smaller and slightly duller coloured subspecies found in the northern part of the species range.
- Cecropis semirufa semirufa is found in southern Africa.
The birds breeding in east Africa are intermediate and have been named as a potential third subspecies Cecropis semirufa neumanni.[2]
References
- ^ "Hirundo semirufa (Red-breasted Swallow, Rufous-chested Swallow)". International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources. Retrieved 17 October 2016.
- ^ a b c d e f g Turner, Angela; Rose, Chris (1994). Swallows and Martins. Christopher Helm. pp. 197–198. ISBN 0-7136-4206-8.
- ^ "Redbreasted swallow Rooiborsswael Hirundo semirufa" (PDF). The Atlas of Southern African Birds. Animal Demography Unit. Retrieved 18 October 2016.
External links
- Red-breasted swallow - Species text in The Atlas of Southern African Birds.