Red House, New York

Red House, New York
Town
Country	United States
State	New York
County	Cattaraugus
Government
• Type	Town Council
• Town Supervisor	Tamara A. Booth (D, R)
• Town Council	Members' List • Brian R. Booth (R) • Lindsay K. Brown (R) • Rita M. Sienkiewicz (R) • Veronica A. Weber (R)
Area
• Total	55.9 sq mi (144.7 km2)
• Land	55.7 sq mi (144.2 km2)
• Water	0.2 sq mi (0.5 km2)
Elevation	2,215 ft (675 m)
Population  (2010)
• Total	38
• Density	0.8/sq mi (0.3/km2)
Time zone	UTC-5 (Eastern (EST))
• Summer (DST)	UTC-4 (EDT)
FIPS code	36-60950
GNIS feature ID	0979412
Website	redhouseny.org

Red House (Seneca: joë'hesta) is a town in Cattaraugus County, New York, United States. As of the 2010 census, the town population was 38, making it the least populous town in the state. The town is on the south edge of Cattaraugus County, south of the city of Salamanca.

History

The area that would become the town was first settled by outsiders after 1827. The town of Red House was formed in 1869 from part of the town of Salamanca. It was named for its famous landmark, the Red House, a Civil War-era domicile located at the confluence of a small creek (later named Red House Creek) with the Allegheny River. The house was remarkable for its strange, dark crimson coloring and was originally constructed as a resting house for those traveling along the river.

According to an Internet rumor, it was initially occupied by the Frecks family, local landowners of some repute (for whom the hamlet of Frecks is named), whose extended family was torn apart by the ravages of the Civil War, both emotionally and through the loss of several members. As the story goes, when eldest son Johnny Frecks died in the Civil War, his widow began an affair with the next-eldest, James (a relationship said to have been carried on while Johnny was fighting in the war). Exiled by the family for their relationship, the lovers killed themselves, and their ghosts were said to haunt the house for the rest of its existence. Family patriarch Jonathan Frecks II died shortly after of mysterious causes, after which the family donated a great deal of money to the town and promptly moved to another residence out of the area. Several attempts were made to inhabit the Red House, but no one stayed there for any serious length of time as it was reputed to be haunted by the ghosts of the Frecks family.

Locals have expressed skepticism that the Frecks story has any historical basis, and a 1965 description of Red House's name origin lists the original owner of the house as being "unknown." Of the numerous ghost stories that are reputed in Red House, the Frecks story is not one of them. The house was a restaurant and hotel in its last years and, like most others in the town, was demolished in the early 1990s.

Harvesting trees for lumber and other products was a major early industry. The town's population peaked in the 1890s, the only time the town ever had more than 1,000 residents, and declined near-continuously from that point onward. In the mid-20th century, Red House was also an early center of the region's ski country industry, with two ski areas, the state-operated Bova ski resort and jumps (named after the Beauvais family who donated the land for the purpose) that ran from the 1930s until 1980, and the privately operated Big Basin ski area, which operated from 1951 to 1972.

The reason that Red House is so sparsely populated is because the vast majority of the town's land was used for the creation of Allegany State Park, which has no permanent population. Beginning in the 1960s, coinciding with the construction of the Kinzua Dam, the state began an eminent domain campaign to buy out the remainder of the town; at the time, the path of the Southern Tier Expressway (then "new Route 17," now Interstate 86) was routed directly through the core of the hamlet of Red House, allowing the state to seize and move most of the town residents' property. The eminent domain campaign has mostly gone quiet since the late 1990s; the state still has a standing offer to purchase any property that is either abandoned or put up for sale in the town. A small northwest corner remains outside the park's bounds, about half of which is on the Allegany Indian Reservation and much of the rest of which is occupied by Camp Li-Lo-Li, a Christian camp. The few residents remaining in the town are concentrated on a single road, Bay State Road (named after a lumber company from Massachusetts that built and used the road), sandwiched between the reservation and the park and southwest of the original hamlet. The original Red House church still stands on its original site, even as its congregation long moved to Jimerson Town.

Geography

According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has a total area of 55.9 square miles (144.7 km²), of which 55.7 square miles (144.2 km²) is land and 0.19 square miles (0.5 km²), or 0.34%, is water.

The south town line is the border of Pennsylvania, and the northwest part of the town borders/includes the Allegany Reservation, defined by the Allegheny River.

Interstate 86 passes through the town, with access from Exit 19. There are also some mostly decommissioned portions of what used to be Route 17 and New York State Route 382. Allegany State Park Routes 1, 2 and 3 are the main routes serving the park and town.

Adjacent towns and areas

(Clockwise)

• Salamanca
• Great Valley; Carrollton
• Corydon Township, McKean County, Pennsylvania; Foster Township, McKean County, Pennsylvania
• Coldspring, what used to be Elko

Demographics

Historical population

Census	Pop.	Note	%±
1870	407		—
1880	487		19.7%
1890	1,156		137.4%
1900	705		−39.0%
1910	513		−27.2%
1920	434		−15.4%
1930	313		−27.9%
1940	299		−4.5%
1950	234		−21.7%
1960	235		0.4%
1970	158		−32.8%
1980	110		−30.4%
1990	159		44.5%
2000	38		−76.1%
2010	38		0.0%
2014 (est.)	40		5.3%
U.S. Decennial Census

As of the census of 2000, there were 38 people, 14 households, and 9 families residing in the town. The population density was 0.7 people per square mile (0.3/km²). There were 25 housing units at an average density of 0.4 per square mile (0.2/km²). The racial makeup of the town was 97.37% (37 people) White, and 2.63% (one person) Native American.

There were 14 households out of which 42.9% (six) had children under the age of 18 living with them, 71.4% (ten) were married couples living together, and 28.6% (four) were non-families. 21.4% of all households (three in all) were made up of individuals and 21.4% (three) had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.71 and the average family size was 3.30.

In the town the population was spread out with 26.3% (ten) under the age of 18, 7.9% (three) from 18 to 24, 23.7% (nine) from 25 to 44, 26.3% (ten) from 45 to 64, and 15.8% (six) who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 42 years. For every 100 females there were 81.0 males; for every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 75.0 males (thus there were 16 adult women, 12 adult men, five boys and five girls).

The median income for a household in the town was $70,417, and the median income for a family was $71,667. Males had a median income of $36,563 versus $36,250 for females. The per capita income for the town was $18,693. There were no families and two people living below the poverty line, both between the age of 18 and 64.

Communities and locations in Red House

• Allegany Indian Reservation – A Seneca reservation.
• Allegany State Park – Most of the town is within the park.
• Frecks – A former hamlet in the southwest corner of the town, now the center of Allegany State Park's Quaker Area.
• Red House – A hamlet in the western part of the town near the Allegheny River.
• Red House Creek – The site of the first settlement. The name comes from a red-painted house that stood on the bank of the Allegany River.

Notable residents

• George Heron, president of the Seneca Nation in the late 1950s and early 1960s
• Tim Horton, National Hockey League player, had a part-time residence in the town.
• Marvin Hubbard, National Football League player, was born and raised in Red House and continued to own property in the town until his death.
• Amasa Stone, 19th century rail magnate, built a portion of his hunting preserve in Red House.

External links

• Town of Red House official website
• Early history of Red House, NY