Jump to content

Shchuka-class submarine

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

This is an old revision of this page, as edited by 82.79.47.61 (talk) at 10:01, 11 September 2016. The present address (URL) is a permanent link to this revision, which may differ significantly from the current revision.

This article is about the Soviet submarine class in World War II. For Russian/Soviet nuclear submarine class with native Russian name "Shtuka-B", see Akula class submarine.
Shch-311 was a Series V-bis-2 Shchuka of the Baltic Fleet
Class overview
Operators Soviet Navy
Preceded byTemplate:Sclass-
Succeeded byTemplate:Sclass-
In service1932
In commission- 1956
Completed88
Lost35
General characteristics
TypeSubmarine
Displacement
  • 577 tons surfaced
  • 704 tons submerged
Length57 m (187 ft 0 in)
Beam6.2 m (20 ft 4 in)
Draught3.78 m (12 ft 5 in)
Propulsion2 shaft diesel electric, 1,020 kW (1,370 hp) diesel, 600 kW (800 hp) electric
Speed
  • surface - 12.5 kn (23.2 km/h; 14.4 mph)
  • submerged - 6.3 kn (11.7 km/h; 7.2 mph)
Range6,000 nmi (11,000 km; 6,900 mi) at 8 kn (15 km/h; 9.2 mph)
Test depth91 m (300 ft)
Complement38
Armament
  • 4 × bow torpedo tubes
  • 2 × stern torpedo tubes
  • (10 torpedoes)
  • 2 × 45 mm (1.8 in) semi-automatic guns

The Shtuka-class submarines (Template:Lang-ru), also referred to as Sht or Sht-class submarines, were a medium-sized class of Soviet submarines, built in large numbers and used during World War II. "Shtuka" is Russian for pike. Of this class, only two submarines (411 and 412) entered service after 1945, although they were launched before the war.

Development

On 23 January 1930, the USSR Revolutionary Military Council (Revvoensoviet) adapted a proposed submarine concept that were to "execute positioning service on closed theatres". Plans were made to construct up to 200 submarines in three main versions, the later ones would be larger and with longer range than the previous versions. However, due to the outbreak of World War II, only 88 submarines were commissioned. It was still to be the second most numerous submarine class of the Soviet Navy (only the M class were more numerous with 111 built). Seven ship construction yards were involved in the program - No. 189, 190, 194 in Leningrad, No. 112 in Gorky, No. 200 in Nikolaev and No. 202 in Vladivostok.

The name of the class was taken from the individual name of the first submarine Sht-301 Shtuka. Their numbering depended on which Soviet fleet they belonged to: the 100-series belonged to the Pacific Fleet, the 200-series to the Black Sea Fleet, the 300-series to the Baltic Fleet, and the 400-series to the Northern Fleet. There were however some special cases, i.e. the Northern Fleet submarine Sht-424 was renamed Sht-321 when she was transferred to the Baltic Fleet via the Stalin Canal (and later renamed back to Sht-424 when returning). The conning tower had brass symbols as identifiers (Щ-XXX, where the XXX is the number).

Operational service

The Shtukas saw great losses during the war. The Baltic, Black Sea and Northern fleet lost 60-70% of their submarines. However, the submarines of the Soviet Pacific fleet did not suffer any losses to the Japanese due to the tranquil nature of the theatre (war operations commenced first in the autumn of 1945 when the Japanese fleet largely was defeated). 3 submarines were however lost here to other reasons (non-battle damages and incidents).

In all, 35 Shtuka-class submarines were lost, the vast majority during World War II.

The last surviving submarines of the class in the Soviet navy were decommissioned in the mid-1950s and scrapped during the following years, but two submarines of this class (S-121 and S-123), along with two Soviet M-class submarines were supplied to People's Liberation Army Navy in June, 1954, thus becoming the foundation of the submarine force of the People's Republic of China. However, the two Shtuka-class submarines were not sold, but instead, loaned to China for training Chinese crews and were thus not given new names like the M-class submarines.

Ships of the class

Pacific Fleet

Series V formed the first 12 Shtukas of the Pacific Fleet
Pacific Fleet Shtukas Sht-121, Sht-122, Sht-123, Sht-124 and Sht-125 were in Series V-bis-2
The pacific fleet had 10 Series X Shtukas: Sht-126, Sht-127, Sht-128, Sht-129, Sht-130, Sht-131, Sht-132, Sht-133, Sht-134 and Sht-139
  • Sht-101
  • Sht-102
  • Sht-103 (lost 4 November 1935)
  • Sht-104
  • Sht-105
  • Sht-106
  • Sht-107
  • Sht-108
  • Sht-109
  • Sht-110
  • Sht-111
  • Sht-112
  • Sht-113
  • Sht-114
  • Sht-115
  • Sht-116
  • Sht-117 (lost 15 December 1952)
  • Sht-118
  • Sht-119
  • Sht-120
  • Sht-121
  • Sht-122
  • Sht-123
  • Sht-124
  • Sht-125
  • Sht-126
  • Sht-127
  • Sht-128
  • Sht-129
  • Sht-130
  • Sht-131
  • Sht-132
  • Sht-133
  • Sht-134
  • Sht-135
  • Sht-136
  • Sht-137
  • Sht-138 (lost 18 July 1942)
  • Sht-139

Black Sea Fleet

The Black Sea fleet's first Shtukas, Sht-201, Sht-202 and Sht-203, were in Series V-bis
Sht-209 alongside the Soviet cruiser Komintern
  • Sht-201
  • Sht-202
  • Sht-203 (lost 26 August 1943)
  • Sht-204 (lost 6 December 1941)
  • Sht-205
  • Sht-206 (Sunk by a group consisting of the Romanian torpedo boat Năluca, the Romanian gunboat Stihi Eugen and three Romanian motor torpedo boats on 9 July 1941)[1]
  • Sht-207 (lost 26 August 1943)
  • Sht-208 (Sunk on 26 August 1942 by a mine of a flanking barrage laid by the Romanian minelayers Amiral Murgescu and Dacia)[2]
  • Sht-209
  • Sht-210 (Sunk on 12 March 1942 off Cape Shabla by a mine in the Romanian minefield S-15,[3] laid by the Romanian minelayers Amiral Murgescu, Regele Carol I and Dacia)[4]
  • Sht-211 (Sunk on 16 November 1941 by a mine of a flanking barrage laid by the Romanian minelayers Amiral Murgescu and Dacia)[5]
  • Sht-212 (Sunk on 11 December 1942 near Fidonisi Island off the coast of Sulina by a Romanian minefield,[6] laid by the Romanian minelayers Amiral Murgescu, Regele Carol I and Dacia)[7]
  • Shch-213 (Sunk on 14 October 1942 off Constanța by a mine,[8] in a minefield laid by the Romanian minelayers Amiral Murgescu, Regele Carol I and Aurora;[9] wreck found 13 September 2010)
  • Shch-214 (lost 19 June 1942)
  • Shch-215
  • Sht-216 (lost 17 February 1944; wreck found July 2013)

Baltic Fleet

Sht-310, Sht-302, Sht-303 and Sht-304 of the Baltic Fleet constituted the original Series III Shtukas
The preserved conning tower of Sht-307, a member of Series V-bis-2, at Poklonnaya Gora, Moscow
  • Sht-301 (lost 28 August 1941)
  • Sht-302 (lost October 1942)
  • Sht-303
  • Sht-304 (lost November 1942)
  • Sht-305 (lost 5 November 1942)
  • Sht-306 (lost 12 November 1942)
  • Sht-307
  • Sht-308 (lost 26 October 1942)
  • Sht-309
  • Sht-310
  • Sht-311 (lost 12 October 1942)
  • Sht-315
  • Shch-317 (lost 15 July 1942)
  • Sht-318
  • Sht-319 (lost 29 September 1941)
  • Sht-320 (lost 27 October 1942)
  • Sht-322 (lost 11 October 1941)
  • Sht-323 (lost 1 May 1943)
  • Sht-324 (lost 5 November 1941)

Northern Fleet

The Northern Fleet's Sht-405, Sht-406, Sht-407, Sht-408, Sht-411 and Sht-412 were in Series X-bis
Sht-401, a Series X Shtuka of the Northern Fleet, before the USSR's entry into World War II
  • Sht-401 (lost 23 April 1942)
  • Sht-402 (lost 21 September 1944)
  • Sht-403 (lost 2 October 1943)
  • Sht-404
  • Sht-405 (lost 13 July 1942)
  • Sht-406 (lost 26 May 1943)
  • Sht-407
  • Sht-408 (lost 25 May 1943)
  • Sht-411
  • Sht-413 (scrapped before completion in July 1941)
  • Sht-414 (scrapped before completion in July 1941)
  • Sht-421 (lost 9 April 1942)
  • Sht-422 (lost 5 July 1943)
  • Sht-424 (lost 20 October 1939)

See also

"Shtuka" is a traditional Russian/Soviet submarine name, often given to the first submarine of a new class of a new generation submarines. For instance, the first submarine of the early 20th century Template:Sclass- carried the name. Also at least two other, newer Soviet/Russian submarine classes carries the name, however, the NATO reporting names differ. These are the Project 671 Shtuka (NATO: Victor III) and Project 971 Shtuka-B (Template:Sclass-).

References

  1. ^ John Smillie, World War II Sea War, Volume 4: Germany Sends Russia to the Allies, p. 134
  2. ^ Mikhail Monakov, Jurgen Rohwer, Stalin's Ocean-going Fleet: Soviet Naval Strategy and Shipbuilding Programs 1935-1953, p. 266
  3. ^ Donald A Bertke, Gordon Smith, Don Kindell, World War II Sea War, Volume 5: Air Raid Pearl Harbor. This Is Not a Drill, p. 428
  4. ^ John Smillie, World War II Sea War, Volume 4: Germany Sends Russia to the Allies, p. 323
  5. ^ Mikhail Monakov, Jurgen Rohwer, Stalin's Ocean-going Fleet: Soviet Naval Strategy and Shipbuilding Programs 1935-1953, p. 265
  6. ^ Donald A Bertke, Gordon Smith, Don Kindell, World War II Sea War, Volume 8: Guadalcanal secured, p. 77
  7. ^ Mikhail Monakov, Jurgen Rohwer, Stalin's Ocean-going Fleet: Soviet Naval Strategy and Shipbuilding Programs 1935-1953, p. 265
  8. ^ G. F. Krivosheev, Soviet Casualties and Combat Losses in the Twentieth Century, p. 267
  9. ^ Antony Preston, Warship 2001-2002, p. 70
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Shchuka-class_submarine&oldid=738836135"