Sodium aurothiomalate
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| Clinical data | |
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| Trade names | Myocrisin |
| AHFS/Drugs.com | Multum Consumer Information |
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| Routes of administration | Intramuscular |
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| Pharmacokinetic data | |
| Protein binding | High[1] |
| Elimination half-life | 6-25 days[1] |
| Excretion | Urine (60-90%), faeces (10-40%)[1] |
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| ECHA InfoCard | 100.032.242 |
| Chemical and physical data | |
| Formula | C4H4AuNaO4S |
| Molar mass | 367.939350590 g·mol−1 |
| 3D model (JSmol) | |
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Sodium aurothiomalate (INN, known in the United States as gold sodium thiomalate) is a gold compound that is used for its immunosuppressive anti-rheumatic effects.[2][3] Along with an orally-administered gold salt, auranofin, it is amongst the only gold compound currently employed in western medicine.[4]
Medical uses
It is primarily given as a once or twice weekly by intramuscular injection for moderate-severe rheumatoid arthritis although it has also proven itself effective in treating tuberculosis.[5]
Adverse effects
Its most common side effects are digestive (mostly dyspepsia, mouth swelling, nausea, vomiting and taste disturbance), vasomotor (mostly flushing, fainting, dizziness, sweating, weakness, palpitations, shortness of breath and blurred vision) or dermatologic (usually itchiness, rash, local irritation near to the injection site and hair loss) in nature, although conjunctivitis, blood dyscrasias, kidney damage, joint pain, muscle aches/pains and liver dysfunction are also common.[6] Less commonly, it can cause GI bleeds, dry mucous membranes and gingivitis.[6] Rarely it can cause: aplastic anaemia, ulcerative enterocolitis, difficulty swallowing, angiooedema, pneumonitis, pulmonary fibrosis, hepatotoxicity, cholestatic jaundice, peripheral neuropathy, Guillain-Barre syndrome, encephalopathy, encephalitis and photosensitivity.[6]
Pharmacology
Its precise mechanism of action is unknown but is known that it inhibits the synthesis of prostaglandins.[4] It also modulates phagocytic cells and inhibits Class II major histocompatibility complex-peptide interactions.[4] It is also known that it inhibits the following enzymes:[4][7]
- Acid phosphatase
- Beta-glucuronidase
- Elastase
- Cathepsin G
- Thrombin
References
- ^ a b c "aurothiomalate, sodium, Myochrysine (gold sodium thiomalate) dosing, indications, interactions, adverse effects, and more". Medscape Reference. WebMD. Retrieved 13 March 2014.
- ^ Attention: This template ({{cite pmid}}) is deprecated. To cite the publication identified by PMID 9783766, please use {{cite journal}} with
|pmid=9783766instead. - ^ Attention: This template ({{cite pmid}}) is deprecated. To cite the publication identified by PMID 18649049, please use {{cite journal}} with
|pmid=18649049instead. - ^ a b c d Kean, WF; Kean, IRL (4 June 2008). "Clinical pharmacology of gold". Inflammopharmacology. 16 (3): 112–125. doi:10.1007/s10787-007-0021-x. PMID 18523733.
- ^ Benedek, TG (January 2004). "The history of gold therapy for tuberculosis". Journal of the History of Medicine and Allied Sciences. 59 (1): 50–89. doi:10.1093/jhmas/jrg042. PMID 15011812.
- ^ a b c Template:Cite isbn
- ^ Berners-Price, SJ; Filipovska, A (September 2011). "Gold compounds as therapeutic agents for human diseases". Metallomics. 3 (9): 863–73. doi:10.1039/c1mt00062d. PMID 21755088.