Sturmbannführer
Sturmbannführer ([ˈʃtʊʁm.ban.fyːʀɐ], "assault unit leader") was a Nazi Party paramilitary rank equivalent to major[1] that was used in several Nazi organizations, such as the SA, SS, and the NSFK. Translated as "assault (or storm) unit leader"[2] (Sturmbann being the SA and early SS equivalent to a battalion), the rank originated from German shock troop units of the First World War.
The SA title of Sturmbannführer was first established in 1921. In 1928, the title became an actual rank and was also one of the first established SS ranks.[3] The insignia of a Sturmbannführer was four silver pips centered on a collar patch.[1] The rank rated below Standartenführer until 1932, when Sturmbannführer became subordinate to the new rank of Obersturmbannführer.[3] In the Waffen-SS, Sturmbannführer was considered equivalent to a major in the German Wehrmacht.[4]
The rank was held by Wernher von Braun, who developed the V-2 rocket, and later designed the Saturn V rocket for the U.S. space program. Also, Eberhard Heder, Otto Günsche[5], and war criminals, such as Otto Förschner, who was the commandant of Dora-Mittelbau concentration camp.
Insignia
| Junior rank Hauptsturmführer |
SS rank Sturmbannführer |
Senior rank Obersturmbannführer |
| Junior rank Sturmhauptführer |
SA rank Sturmbannführer |
Senior rank Obersturmbannführer |
See also
Citations
- ^ a b Flaherty 2004, p. 148.
- ^ McNab (II) 2009, p. 15.
- ^ a b McNab 2009, pp. 29, 30.
- ^ Stein 1984, p. 297.
- ^ Joachimsthaler 1999, p. 281.
Bibliography
- Flaherty, T. H. (2004) [1988]. The Third Reich: The SS. Time-Life Books, Inc. ISBN 1-84447-073-3.
{{cite book}}: Invalid|ref=harv(help) - Joachimsthaler, Anton (1999) [1995]. The Last Days of Hitler: The Legends, the Evidence, the Truth. Trans. Helmut Bögler. London: Brockhampton Press. ISBN 978-1-86019-902-8.
{{cite book}}: Invalid|ref=harv(help) - McNab, Chris (2009). The SS: 1923–1945. Amber Books Ltd. ISBN 978-1-906626-49-5.
{{cite book}}: Invalid|ref=harv(help) - McNab (II), Chris (2009). The Third Reich. Amber Books Ltd. ISBN 978-1-906626-51-8.
{{cite book}}: Invalid|ref=harv(help) - Stein, George (1984) [1966]. The Waffen-SS: Hitler's Elite Guard at War 1939–1945. Cornell University Press. ISBN 0-8014-9275-0.
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