Ta (Mongolic)

Ta
Ta
The Mongolian script
Mongolian vowels
Mongolian consonants
Foreign consonants
	Mongolian script multigraphs;
	v; t; e;

Ta is a letter of related and vertically oriented alphabets used to write Mongolic and Tungusic languages.^[1]^{: 549–551}

Mongolian language

Letter^[2]^{: 13, 17, 23}^[3]^: 546^[4]^{: 212, 214}
t	Transliteration^{[note 1]}
ᠲ‍	Initial
‍ᠲ‍	Medial (syllable-initial)
—	Medial (syllable-final)
—	Final

C-V syllables^[6]^: 31
ta, te	ti	to, tu	tö, tü	Transliteration
ᠲᠠ ^{[note 2]}	ᠲᠢ	ᠲᠣ᠋	ᠲᠥ᠋	Alone
ᠲᠠ‍	ᠲᠢ‍	ᠲᠣ‍	ᠲᠥ‍	Initial
‍ᠲᠠ‍	‍ᠲᠢ‍	‍ᠲᠣ‍		Medial
‍ᠲᠠ	‍ᠲᠢ	‍ᠲᠣ		Final

Separated suffixes^{[note 3]}
‑ta, ‑te	‑tu, ‑tü	Transliteration
—	ᠲᠤ	Whole
ᠲᠠ‍	ᠲᠤ‍	Initial

Transcribes Chakhar /t/;^[10]^[11] Khalkha /t/.^[12]^: 40–42 Transliterated into Cyrillic with the letter т.^[6]^[5]
Syllable-initially indistinguishable from d.^[2]^: 23^[13]^: 9^[10]
Derived from Old Uyghur taw (𐾀; initial) and lamedh (𐽸; medial).^[3]^{: 539–540, 545–546}^[14]^{: 111, 113}^[15]^: 35
Positional variants of initial taw ⟨ᠲ‍/‍ᠲ᠋‍/‍ᠲ⟩ can be used to clarify the spelling of t in words of foreign origin, as in ᠹᠣᠲ᠋ᠣ᠋ foto 'photograph' (фото foto), ᠲᠢᠶᠠᠲ᠋ᠷ tiyatr 'theatre' (театр teatr), and ᠻᠠᠷᠲ khart 'card' (карт kart).^[2]^: 23^[6]^: 48–49^[15]^: 37^[16]
Produced with T using the Windows Mongolian keyboard layout.^[17]
In the Mongolian Unicode block, t comes after š and before d.

Clear Script

Xibe language

Manchu language

Notes

^ Scholarly transliteration.^[5]
^ As in the second person singular/plural pronoun ᠲᠠ ta 'you',^[8]^: 760^[2]^: 85–86 or the intensifying ⟨ᠳᠠ⟩ da/de (даа/дээ daa/dee) particle used after the predicate.^[8]^: 211
^ Separated suffixes starting with the letter t include:  ᠲᠠᠢ ‑tai/‑tei (comitative),  ᠲᠠᠭᠠᠨ/ ᠲᠡᠭᠡᠨ ‑taɣan/‑tegen (reflexive+dative-locative),  ᠲᠠᠶᠢᠭᠠᠨ^⟨?⟩/ ᠲᠡᠶᠢᠭᠡᠨ^⟨?⟩ ‑tayiɣan/‑teyigen (reflexive+comitative), and  ᠲᠤ ‑tu/‑tü or  ᠲᠤᠷ ‑tur/‑tür (dative-locative).^[9]

References

^ "The Unicode Standard, Version 14.0 – Core Specification Chapter 13: South and Central Asia-II, Other Modern Scripts" (PDF). www.unicode.org. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2021-10-31. Retrieved 2022-05-16.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d Poppe, Nicholas (1974). Grammar of Written Mongolian. Otto Harrassowitz Verlag. ISBN 978-3-447-00684-2.
^ ^a ^b Daniels, Peter T.; Bright, William (1996). The World's Writing Systems. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-507993-7.
^ Bat-Ireedui, Jantsangiyn; Sanders, Alan J. K. (2015-08-14). Colloquial Mongolian: The Complete Course for Beginners. Routledge. ISBN 978-1-317-30598-9.
^ ^a ^b "Mongolian transliterations" (PDF). Institute of the Estonian Language. 2006-05-06. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2021-11-22. Retrieved 2022-06-05.
^ ^a ^b ^c Skorodumova, L. G. (2000). Vvedenie v staropismenny mongolskiy yazyk Введение в старописьменный монгольский язык (PDF) (in Russian). Muravey-Gayd. ISBN 5-8463-0015-4.
^ "Mongolian Transliteration & Transcription". collab.its.virginia.edu. Retrieved 2023-03-26.
^ ^a ^b Lessing, Ferdinand (1960). Mongolian-English Dictionary (PDF). University of California Press. Note that this dictionary uses the transliterations c, ø, x, y, z, ai, and ei; instead of č, ö, q, ü, ǰ, ayi, and eyi;^: xii as well as problematically and incorrectly treats all rounded vowels (o/u/ö/ü) after the initial syllable as u or ü.^[7]
^ "PROPOSAL Encode Mongolian Suffix Connector (U+180F) To Replace Narrow Non-Breaking Space (U+202F)" (PDF). UTC Document Register for 2017. 2017-01-15.
^ ^a ^b "Mongolian Traditional Script". Chinese, Japanese, Vietnamese, and Mongolian Language Site. Archived from the original on 2022-01-18. Retrieved 2022-05-16.
^ "Writing – Study Mongolian". Study Mongolian. August 2013. Archived from the original on 2020-10-31. Retrieved 2022-05-16.
^ Svantesson, Jan-Olof; Tsendina, Anna; Karlsson, Anastasia; Franzen, Vivan (2005-02-10). The Phonology of Mongolian. OUP Oxford. ISBN 978-0-19-151461-6.
^ Grønbech, Kaare; Krueger, John Richard (1993). An Introduction to Classical (literary) Mongolian: Introduction, Grammar, Reader, Glossary. Otto Harrassowitz Verlag. ISBN 978-3-447-03298-8.
^ Clauson, Gerard (2005-11-04). Studies in Turkic and Mongolic Linguistics. Routledge. ISBN 978-1-134-43012-3.
^ ^a ^b Janhunen, Juha (2006-01-27). The Mongolic Languages. Routledge. ISBN 978-1-135-79690-7.
^ Bawden, Charles (2013-10-28). Mongolian English Dictionary. Routledge. ISBN 978-1-136-15588-8.
^ jowilco. "Windows keyboard layouts - Globalization". Microsoft Docs. Archived from the original on 2022-05-26. Retrieved 2022-05-16.

[6] Scholarly transliteration.^[5]

[10] As in the second person singular/plural pronoun ᠲᠠ ta 'you',^[8]^: 760^[2]^: 85–86 or the intensifying ⟨ᠳᠠ⟩ da/de (даа/дээ daa/dee) particle used after the predicate.^[8]^: 211

[12] Separated suffixes starting with the letter t include:  ᠲᠠᠢ ‑tai/‑tei (comitative),  ᠲᠠᠭᠠᠨ/ ᠲᠡᠭᠡᠨ ‑taɣan/‑tegen (reflexive+dative-locative),  ᠲᠠᠶᠢᠭᠠᠨ^⟨?⟩/ ᠲᠡᠶᠢᠭᠡᠨ^⟨?⟩ ‑tayiɣan/‑teyigen (reflexive+comitative), and  ᠲᠤ ‑tu/‑tü or  ᠲᠤᠷ ‑tur/‑tür (dative-locative).^[9]

[1] "The Unicode Standard, Version 14.0 – Core Specification Chapter 13: South and Central Asia-II, Other Modern Scripts" (PDF). www.unicode.org. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2021-10-31. Retrieved 2022-05-16.

[Poppe1974-2] Poppe, Nicholas (1974). Grammar of Written Mongolian. Otto Harrassowitz Verlag. ISBN 978-3-447-00684-2.

[Daniels1996-3] Daniels, Peter T.; Bright, William (1996). The World's Writing Systems. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-507993-7.

[Sanders2015-4] Bat-Ireedui, Jantsangiyn; Sanders, Alan J. K. (2015-08-14). Colloquial Mongolian: The Complete Course for Beginners. Routledge. ISBN 978-1-317-30598-9.

[EKIMn2006-5] "Mongolian transliterations" (PDF). Institute of the Estonian Language. 2006-05-06. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2021-11-22. Retrieved 2022-06-05.

[Skorodumova2000-7] Skorodumova, L. G. (2000). Vvedenie v staropismenny mongolskiy yazyk Введение в старописьменный монгольский язык (PDF) (in Russian). Muravey-Gayd. ISBN 5-8463-0015-4.

[8] "Mongolian Transliteration & Transcription". collab.its.virginia.edu. Retrieved 2023-03-26.

[Lessing1960-9] Lessing, Ferdinand (1960). Mongolian-English Dictionary (PDF). University of California Press. Note that this dictionary uses the transliterations c, ø, x, y, z, ai, and ei; instead of č, ö, q, ü, ǰ, ayi, and eyi;^: xii as well as problematically and incorrectly treats all rounded vowels (o/u/ö/ü) after the initial syllable as u or ü.^[7]

[11] "PROPOSAL Encode Mongolian Suffix Connector (U+180F) To Replace Narrow Non-Breaking Space (U+202F)" (PDF). UTC Document Register for 2017. 2017-01-15.

[CJVLang2013-13] "Mongolian Traditional Script". Chinese, Japanese, Vietnamese, and Mongolian Language Site. Archived from the original on 2022-01-18. Retrieved 2022-05-16.

[StudyMn2013-14] "Writing – Study Mongolian". Study Mongolian. August 2013. Archived from the original on 2020-10-31. Retrieved 2022-05-16.

[Svantesson2005-15] Svantesson, Jan-Olof; Tsendina, Anna; Karlsson, Anastasia; Franzen, Vivan (2005-02-10). The Phonology of Mongolian. OUP Oxford. ISBN 978-0-19-151461-6.

[Grønbech1993-16] Grønbech, Kaare; Krueger, John Richard (1993). An Introduction to Classical (literary) Mongolian: Introduction, Grammar, Reader, Glossary. Otto Harrassowitz Verlag. ISBN 978-3-447-03298-8.

[Clauson2005-17] Clauson, Gerard (2005-11-04). Studies in Turkic and Mongolic Linguistics. Routledge. ISBN 978-1-134-43012-3.

[Janhunen2006-18] Janhunen, Juha (2006-01-27). The Mongolic Languages. Routledge. ISBN 978-1-135-79690-7.

[Bawden2013-19] Bawden, Charles (2013-10-28). Mongolian English Dictionary. Routledge. ISBN 978-1-136-15588-8.

[20] wilco. "Windows keyboard layouts - Globalization". Microsoft Docs. Archived from the original on 2022-05-26. Retrieved 2022-05-16.

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