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Tamarod

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File:Tamarod.jpg
A copy of the petition form that is calling for confidence withdrawal from the "no longer legitimate" President Mohammed Morsi

Tamarod (Arabic: تمرد / tamarrud, meaning "rebellion")[1] is a grassroots movement to register opposition to President Mohamed Morsi of Egypt and force him to call for early presidential elections by aiming to collect 15 million signatures by 30 June 2013 (which is the same date that he was sworn into office in 2012).[2] The movement helped launch the July 2013 Egyptian protests[3] which preceded the 2013 Egyptian coup d'état.

The Rebel movement was founded by five activists, including its official spokesman Mahmoud Badr,[4] on 28 April 2013.[5] The movement announced it collected more than 22 million signatures (22,134,460) as of 29 June 2013.[6][7]

Members of the movement have stated that they would support appointing Manar el-Beheiry, the former head of the Supreme Constitutional Court, to temporarily replace Morsi if he were to step down.[8]

The movement had given Morsi until 2 July 2013 to step down; if he did not step down, a civil disobedience campaign was to be initiated.[9]

On 2 July 2013, the Salafist Call and its political wing, the Salafist Nour Party, stated that it had three main demands: a snap presidential poll should take place, a technocratic government should be formed and a committee should be formed to examine constitutional amendments.[10]

The Egyptian armed forces gave both sides until 3 July 2013 to defuse the crisis.[11] At that point, the armed forces said it would offer a "road map", though it has stated that it will not get involved through politics or government.[11] Subsequent to this, the armed forces removed Morsi and replaced him with Adly Mahmoud Mansour.[12]

Support

Among the political forces that announced support for the Rebel movement are: shayfeencom, the Kefaya Movement,[13] the National Salvation Front[13] and the April 6 Youth Movement.[13] A former leader in Egyptian Islamic Jihad named Nabil Naem has stated that he will take part in the protests.[14] The Strong Egypt Party has stated that it will support the movement and call for early presidential elections.[15] The movement accepted an endorsement by Ahmed Shafik.[16] Mohamed El Baradei, one of the leaders of the National Salvation Front, has stated that former members of the National Democratic Party would be welcomed as long as they were not convicted of any crimes.[17]

Opposition movements

On the other hand, some Morsi supporters - belonging to the Muslim Brotherhood organization (to which President Morsi belongs) launched two campaigns called Mu'ayyed (supporter) and Tagarrod (impartiality) in response to the Rebel movement petitions and started collecting signatures to support the continuation of Mohammed Morsi's rule.[18] The Impartiality campaign stated that it had 11 million signatures by 20 June 2013.[19]

Some Morsi supporters criticised the Rebel movement by claiming that it is “a manipulation of the will of the people and only serves counter-revolutionary forces supported by the remnants of the Mubarak regime."[20]

Reconciliation attempts

The Nour Party has called upon dialogue and reconciliation to occur between pro-Morsi and anti-Morsi forces.[21] The Wasat Party has called for a meeting to be held between opposition figures and government leaders.[22] The Salafist Call stated that "violent rhetoric . . . will divide the nation" and announced that it will not join any protests.[15] The Nour Party, the political wing of the Salafist Call, called upon the Muslim Brotherhood to set a date for elections, to form a new unity government and to appoint a new prosecutor general.[15]

The Homeland Party has put forward an initiative that entails forming a national coalition government, forming one committee to focus on the economy and another to oversee upcoming elections.[23] The plan has been endorsed by multiple Islamist parties, including the Freedom and Justice Party and the Building and Development Party.[23]

References

  1. ^ http://tamarod.com/index.php?page=english
  2. ^ "Tamarod approaches 15 million signatures". Egypt Independent. 10 June 2013. Retrieved 13 June 2013.
  3. ^ "Profile: Egypt's Tamarod protest movement". BBC News. 1 July 2013. Retrieved 2 July 2013.
  4. ^ Hussein, Dina. Tamarod: The Organization of a Rebellion. Middle East Institute. Retrieved on 2013-07-07.
  5. ^ "Kefaya says Tamarod campaign is not under auspices of Kefaya movement". Daily News Egypt. 30 April 2013. Retrieved 21 June 2013.
  6. ^ "Egypt's 'Rebel' campaign gathered 22 mn signatures, says spokesman". Ahram Online. 29 June 2013. Retrieved 29 June 2013.
  7. ^ "Egypt group: 22 million signatures against Morsi". Yahoo! News (Associated Press). 29 June 2013. Retrieved 29 June 2013.
  8. ^ "Tamarod backs SCC president to replace Morsy". Egypt Independent. 15 June 2013. Retrieved 18 June 2013.
  9. ^ "Is the clock ticking for Mursi? Opposition sets deadline for his ouster". Al Arabiya. 1 July 2013. Retrieved 1 July 2013.
  10. ^ "Egypt's Salafist Call, Nour Party calls for early presidential polls". Ahram Online. 2 July 2013. Retrieved 2 July 2013.
  11. ^ a b "Egypt's army gives parties 48 hours to resolve crisis". BBC. 1 July 2013. Retrieved 1 July 2013.
  12. ^ "Coup topples Egypt's Morsy; deposed president under 'house arrest'". CNN. 4 July 2013. Retrieved 10 July 2013.
  13. ^ a b c "Reactions vary to the Rebel movement's 30 June plans". Daily News Egypt. 5 June 2013. Retrieved 13 June 2013.
  14. ^ "Former Jihadist leader plans to participate in 30 June protests". Ahram Online. 13 June 2013. Retrieved 18 June 2013.
  15. ^ a b c "Strong Egypt Party supports protest on 30 June, opposes military coup". Ahram Online. 18 June 2013. Retrieved 18 June 2013. Cite error: The named reference "ao18june" was defined multiple times with different content (see the help page).
  16. ^ "Tamarod clarifies Shafiq endorsement". Daily News Egypt. 18 May 2013. Retrieved 21 June 2013.
  17. ^ "Egypt opposition opens to former autocrat's party". Al Arabiya. 22 June 2013. Retrieved 22 June 2013.
  18. ^ < "حركة "تجرد": لسنا مع مرسى ولكن نطالب باحترام الشرعية". Westelbald.
  19. ^ "Clashes break out between pro, anti-Morsi groups in Alexandria". Ahram Online. 21 June 2013. Retrieved 21 June 2013.
  20. ^ "فيديو.. عبدالماجد: "تمرد" حركة تخريبية وتجميع 2 مليون توقيع "كذب" - المصريون:". Almesyryoon.
  21. ^ "Al-Nour calls for 'real' reconciliation". Daily News Egypt. 12 June 2013. Retrieved 13 June 2013.
  22. ^ "Al-Wasat Party calls for urgent 'national reconciliation' meeting". Ahram Online. 15 June 2013. Retrieved 15 June 2013.
  23. ^ a b "Al-Watan Party proposes plan for economic recovery". Daily News Egypt. 26 June 2013. Retrieved 29 June 2013.
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