Timeline of Khartoum

The following is a timeline of the history of the city of Khartoum, Sudan.

19th century

1821 - Settlement established by Ibrahim Pasha of Egypt.
1824 - "Turko-Egyptian governor Uthman Bey establishes Khartoum as a military centre."^[1]
1826 - Ali Khurshid Pasha in power.^[1]^[2]
1829 - Mosque built.^[2]
1830 - Town becomes capital of "the Sudanese possessions of Egypt."^[3]
1838 - Disease outbreak; capital relocated temporarily to Shendi.^[4]
1840 - Flood.^[4]
1841 - Flood.^[4]
1854 - Muhammad Sa'id Pasha in power.^[2]
1856 - Disease outbreak; capital relocated temporarily to Shendi.^[4]
1862 - Chamber of Commerce established.^[2]
1866 - Consulates of Austria, France, Italy, Persia, and Tuscany established.^[2]
1869 - Flood.^[5]
1874 - Flood.^[5]
1878 - Flood.^[4]
1884 - 13 March: Siege of Khartoum begins.
1885
- 26 January: Mahdists in power.^[2]
- Capital relocated to Omdurman from Khartoum.^[3]
1898
- 2 September: Conflict between Mahdist and British forces.
- Seat of government relocates to Khartoum from Omdurman.^[3]
1899
- Town becomes capital of Anglo-Egyptian Sudan.
- Railway begins operating (Wadi Halfa-Khartoum).^[3]
- Sudan Gazette (government newspaper) begins publication.^[6]

20th century

1902
- Wellcome Tropical Research Laboratories^[7] and Coptic Girls School open.
- Population: 25,000.^[8]
1903 - Gordon Memorial College opens.^[2]
1905 - Military academy opens.^[9]
1909 - Blue Nile Road and Railway Bridge built to Halfaya.^[2]
1911 - Sudan Herald begins publication.^[10]
1912 - Cathedral Church of All Saints consecrated.^[11]
1913 - Famine.^[12]
1924
- Demonstrations.^[12]
- Flood.^[5]
- Kitchener School of Medicine established.^[13]
1926 - White Nile Bridge to Omdurman built.
1928 - Unity High School for Girls founded.
1946 - Flood.^[5]
1950 - Al Khartoum Sports Club formed.
1952 - Acropole Hotel in business.^{[citation needed]}
1954 - Population: 100,000 (approximate).^[12]
1955 - Area of city: 7.9 square kilometers.^[8]
1956
- 1 January: City becomes capital of independent Republic of Sudan.
- University of Khartoum established.^[12]
1957
- Municipal Stadium opens.
- Khartoum American School established.
1960 - Bank of Sudan headquartered in Khartoum.
1962 - Industrial Bank of Sudan opens.
1965 - Population: 173,500.^[14]
1967 - August: Arab League summit held.^[1]
1970
- Area of city: 13.3 square kilometers.^[8]
- Bank of Khartoum established.
1971 - National Museum of Sudan established.
1973
- August: Anti-government unrest.^[1]
- Saudi embassy held by Palestinian militants.
- Population: 334,000.^[2]
1974 - Catholic Metropolitan Archdiocese of Khartoum formed.
1976 - Friendship Hall built.^[15]
1977 - Oil pipeline to Port Sudan completed.^{[citation needed]}
1978 - July - Organisation of African Unity summit held.
1980 - Area of city: 101.3 square kilometers.^[8]
1983
- September: Islamic law in effect.^[16]
- University of Juba relocates to Khartoum (approximate date).^{[citation needed]}
1984
- March: Teacher/doctor strike begins.^[1]
- El-Sheikh Mosque built.^[17]
1985
- March: Economic protest.^[1]
- Population: 1,611,000 (urban agglomeration).^[18]
1988 - Flood.^[5]
1990 - Population: 2,360,000 (urban agglomeration).^[18]
1991
- City becomes part of Khartoum federal state (administrative region).
- Popular Arab and Islamic Congress held in city.^[19]
1992 - Khartoum International Airport terminal opens.
1993
- Khartoum Bank Group formed.
- Sudatel headquartered in Khartoum.
1994 - Venezuelan criminal Carlos the Jackal arrested in Khartoum.^[1]
1995
- Khartoum Stock Exchange begins trading.^[20]
- Population: 3,088,000 (urban agglomeration).^[18]
1997 - Greater Nile Petroleum Operating Company incorporated.
1998
- August: Al-Shifa pharmaceutical factory in Khartoum North bombed by U.S. forces.
- Area of city: 343.8 square kilometers.^[8]
1999
- Ibrahim Malik Islamic Center built.^[17]
- Republican Palace Museum opens.
- Greater Nile Oil Pipeline in operation.

21st century

2000s

2000
- Khartoum Monitor newspaper begins publication.^[21]
- Population: 3,505,000 (urban agglomeration).^[18]
2005
- July: Demonstrations.
- Citizen (Juba) newspaper begins publication.^[21]
- Population: 3,979,000 (urban agglomeration).^[18]
- City designated an Arab Capital of Culture by Arab League/UNESCO.
2006
- January: African Union summit held.
- March: Arab League summit held.
2007 - Mac Nimir Bridge to Khartoum North built.
2008
- 10–12 May: City besieged by anti-government forces.
- Population: 639,598.
2009 - Tuti Bridge opens.

2010s

2010 - Population: 4,516,000 (urban agglomeration).^[18]
2012
- June: Economic protest.^[22]
- October: al-Yarmook armament factory bombed.^[23]

References

^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g Abdel Salam Sidahmed; Alsir Sidahmed (2004). "Chronology". Sudan. Routledge. ISBN 978-1-134-47947-4. {{cite book}}: External link in |chapterurl= (help); Unknown parameter |chapterurl= ignored (|chapter-url= suggested) (help)
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ Robert S. Kramer; et al. (2013). "Khartoum". Historical Dictionary of the Sudan (4th ed.). Rowman & Littlefield. p. 247+. ISBN 978-0-8108-6180-0. {{cite book}}: External link in |chapterurl= (help); Unknown parameter |chapterurl= ignored (|chapter-url= suggested) (help)
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d "Khartum", The Encyclopaedia Britannica (11th ed.), New York: Encyclopaedia Britannica, 1910, OCLC 14782424 {{citation}}: External link in |chapterurl= (help); Unknown parameter |chapterurl= ignored (|chapter-url= suggested) (help)
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e H. R. J. Davies (1994). "A Rural 'Eye' in the Capital: Tuti Island, Khartoum, Sudan". GeoJournal. 33. JSTOR 41146238.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e R.P.D. Walsh; et al. (1994). "Flood Frequency and Impacts at Khartoum since the Early Nineteenth Century". Geographical Journal. 160. JSTOR 3059609.
^ "Sudan Gazette". WorldCat. Retrieved 27 January 2013.
^ "Henry Wellcome's tropical medicine laboratories". London: Wellcome Trust. 2008. Retrieved 27 January 2013.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e Galal Eldin Eltayeb (2003). "The Case of Khartoum, Sudan". Understanding Slums: Case Studies for the Global Report 2003. United Nations Human Settlements Programme and University College London.
^ Heather J. Sharkey (2003), Living with Colonialism: Nationalism and Culture in the Anglo-Egyptian Sudan, University of California Press, ISBN 9780520235588
^ "International Coalition on Newspapers". Chicago, USA: Center for Research Libraries. Retrieved 28 January 2013.
^ "Khartum and Omdurman", Egypt and the Sudan (7th ed.), Leipzig: Karl Baedeker, 1914 {{citation}}: External link in |chapterurl= (help); Unknown parameter |chapterurl= ignored (|chapter-url= suggested) (help)
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d Michael R.T. Dumper; Bruce E. Stanley, eds. (2008), "Khartoum", Cities of the Middle East and North Africa, Santa Barbara, USA: ABC-CLIO
^ E. N. Corbyn (1944). "The Kitchener School of Medicine at Khartoum, Sudan". Journal of the Royal African Society. 43. JSTOR 717807.
^ El-Sayed El-Bushra (1979). "Some Demographic Indicators for Khartoum Conurbation, Sudan". Middle Eastern Studies. 15. JSTOR 4282756.
^ ArchNet. "Khartoum". MIT School of Architecture and Planning. Archived from the original on October 2012. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |archivedate= (help); Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
^ "Sudan: A Historical Perspective". Georgia, USA: Sudan.Net. Retrieved 28 January 2013.
^ ^a ^b "Khartoum". Islamic Cultural Heritage Database. Istanbul: Organization of Islamic Cooperation, Research Centre for Islamic History, Art and Culture. Retrieved 28 January 2013.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f "The State of African Cities 2014". United Nations Human Settlements Programme. ISBN 978-92-1-132598-0. Retrieved 30 September 2014.
^ Barry M. Rubin (2010). Guide to Islamist Movements. M.E. Sharpe. ISBN 978-0-7656-4138-0.
^ Regional Integration in Africa. OECD and African Development Bank. 2002.
^ ^a ^b Karen Fung (ed.). "Sudan Newspapers". Africa South of the Sahara: Selected Internet Resources. Stanford University, USA. Retrieved 28 January 2013.
^ "Sudan Profile: Timeline". BBC News. Retrieved 30 September 2014.
^ Andreas Mehler; et al., eds. (2013). "Sudan". Africa Yearbook: Politics, Economy and Society South of the Sahara in 2012. Vol. 9. Koninklijke Brill. ISBN 978-90-04-25600-2. {{cite book}}: External link in |chapterurl= (help); Unknown parameter |chapterurl= ignored (|chapter-url= suggested) (help)

External links

15°38′00″N 32°32′00″E / 15.633333°N 32.533333°E / 15.633333; 32.533333

[Sidahmed2004-1] ^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g Abdel Salam Sidahmed; Alsir Sidahmed (2004). "Chronology". Sudan. Routledge. ISBN 978-1-134-47947-4. {{cite book}}: External link in |chapterurl= (help); Unknown parameter |chapterurl= ignored (|chapter-url= suggested) (help)

[Kramer2013-2] ^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ Robert S. Kramer; et al. (2013). "Khartoum". Historical Dictionary of the Sudan (4th ed.). Rowman & Littlefield. p. 247+. ISBN 978-0-8108-6180-0. {{cite book}}: External link in |chapterurl= (help); Unknown parameter |chapterurl= ignored (|chapter-url= suggested) (help)

[eb1910-3] "Khartum", The Encyclopaedia Britannica (11th ed.), New York: Encyclopaedia Britannica, 1910, OCLC 14782424 {{citation}}: External link in |chapterurl= (help); Unknown parameter |chapterurl= ignored (|chapter-url= suggested) (help)

[davies1994-4] H. R. J. Davies (1994). "A Rural 'Eye' in the Capital: Tuti Island, Khartoum, Sudan". GeoJournal. 33. JSTOR 41146238.

[walsh1994-5] R.P.D. Walsh; et al. (1994). "Flood Frequency and Impacts at Khartoum since the Early Nineteenth Century". Geographical Journal. 160. JSTOR 3059609.

[6] "Sudan Gazette". WorldCat. Retrieved 27 January 2013.

[7] "Henry Wellcome's tropical medicine laboratories". London: Wellcome Trust. 2008. Retrieved 27 January 2013.

[eltayeb2003-8] Galal Eldin Eltayeb (2003). "The Case of Khartoum, Sudan". Understanding Slums: Case Studies for the Global Report 2003. United Nations Human Settlements Programme and University College London.

[9] Heather J. Sharkey (2003), Living with Colonialism: Nationalism and Culture in the Anglo-Egyptian Sudan, University of California Press, ISBN 9780520235588

[10] "International Coalition on Newspapers". Chicago, USA: Center for Research Libraries. Retrieved 28 January 2013.

[baedeker1914-11] "Khartum and Omdurman", Egypt and the Sudan (7th ed.), Leipzig: Karl Baedeker, 1914 {{citation}}: External link in |chapterurl= (help); Unknown parameter |chapterurl= ignored (|chapter-url= suggested) (help)

[cities2008-12] Michael R.T. Dumper; Bruce E. Stanley, eds. (2008), "Khartoum", Cities of the Middle East and North Africa, Santa Barbara, USA: ABC-CLIO

[13] E. N. Corbyn (1944). "The Kitchener School of Medicine at Khartoum, Sudan". Journal of the Royal African Society. 43. JSTOR 717807.

[14] El-Sayed El-Bushra (1979). "Some Demographic Indicators for Khartoum Conurbation, Sudan". Middle Eastern Studies. 15. JSTOR 4282756.

[ArchNet-15] ArchNet. "Khartoum". MIT School of Architecture and Planning. Archived from the original on October 2012. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |archivedate= (help); Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)

[16] "Sudan: A Historical Perspective". Georgia, USA: Sudan.Net. Retrieved 28 January 2013.

[ircica-17] "Khartoum". Islamic Cultural Heritage Database. Istanbul: Organization of Islamic Cooperation, Research Centre for Islamic History, Art and Culture. Retrieved 28 January 2013.

[unhabitat2014-18] ^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f "The State of African Cities 2014". United Nations Human Settlements Programme. ISBN 978-92-1-132598-0. Retrieved 30 September 2014.

[Rubin2010-19] Barry M. Rubin (2010). Guide to Islamist Movements. M.E. Sharpe. ISBN 978-0-7656-4138-0.

[20] Regional Integration in Africa. OECD and African Development Bank. 2002.

[fung-21] Karen Fung (ed.). "Sudan Newspapers". Africa South of the Sahara: Selected Internet Resources. Stanford University, USA. Retrieved 28 January 2013.

[bbc-timeline-22] "Sudan Profile: Timeline". BBC News. Retrieved 30 September 2014.

[23] Andreas Mehler; et al., eds. (2013). "Sudan". Africa Yearbook: Politics, Economy and Society South of the Sahara in 2012. Vol. 9. Koninklijke Brill. ISBN 978-90-04-25600-2. {{cite book}}: External link in |chapterurl= (help); Unknown parameter |chapterurl= ignored (|chapter-url= suggested) (help)

[1]

[2]

[3]

[4]

[5]

[6]

[7]

[8]

[9]

[10]

[11]

[12]

[13]

[14]

[15]

[16]

[17]

[18]

[19]

[20]

[21]

[22]

[23]

Timeline of Khartoum

19th century

20th century

21st century

2000s

2010s

See also

References

Further reading

External links