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Typhoon Faxai

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This article is about the 2019 typhoon. For other storms of the same name, see Typhoon Faxai (disambiguation).
Typhoon Faxai (Reiwa 1 Bōsō Peninsula Typhoon)
Very strong typhoon (JMA scale)
Category 4 typhoon (SSHWS)
Typhoon Faxai at peak intensity on September 8
FormedAugust 29, 2019
DissipatedSeptember 12, 2019
(Extratropical after September 10)
Highest winds10-minute sustained: 155 km/h (100 mph)
1-minute sustained: 215 km/h (130 mph)
Lowest pressure955 hPa (mbar); 28.2 inHg
Fatalities3 total
Damage$10 billion (2019 USD)
Areas affectedWake Island, Japan
Part of the 2019 Pacific typhoon season

Typhoon Faxai, known in Japan as Reiwa 1 Bōsō Peninsula Typhoon (令和元年房総半島台風, Reiwa Gannen Bōsō-hantō Taifū),[1] was the first typhoon to strike the Kantō region since Mindulle in 2016, and the strongest typhoon to hit the region since Ma-on in 2004. It was also the worst to hit the region since Talas in 2011, until the region was hit by more destructive Typhoon Hagibis less than a month later.[2] Forming as the fifteenth named storm of the 2019 Pacific typhoon season, the precursor to Faxai was first noted as a weak tropical depression to the east of the International Dateline on August 29. The depression then entered the West Pacific basin on August 30. After moving in a general westward direction, the system strengthened into a named tropical storm by September 5. Faxai then strengthened into the sixth typhoon of the season the next day. Two days later, Faxai reached its peak strength as a Category 4 typhoon just before making landfall in mainland Japan. Turning northeastward, Faxai rapidly weakened and became extratropical on September 10.

Three people were killed and 147 others were injured. More than 390,000 people were urged to be evacuated. Faxai left 934,000 households without power. Train services in JR East were cancelled due to the storm.[3] Two people died from heatstroke because of the power outage.[4] Total loss in Japan were finalized at US$10 billion.[5]

Meteorological history

Map plotting the storm's track and intensity, according to the Saffir–Simpson scale
Map key
Saffir–Simpson scale
  Tropical depression (≤38 mph, ≤62 km/h)
  Tropical storm (39–73 mph, 63–118 km/h)
  Category 1 (74–95 mph, 119–153 km/h)
  Category 2 (96–110 mph, 154–177 km/h)
  Category 3 (111–129 mph, 178–208 km/h)
  Category 4 (130–156 mph, 209–251 km/h)
  Category 5 (≥157 mph, ≥252 km/h)
  Unknown
Storm type
triangle Extratropical cyclone, remnant low, tropical disturbance, or monsoon depression

At 18:00 UTC on August 29, a tropical depression formed just east of the International Date Line. It moved west across the Pacific Ocean the next day. It was then designated 14W by the Joint Typhoon Warning Center after they initiated advisories. By September 2, the JTWC upgraded 14W to a tropical storm, and maintained its intensity for a couple of days. Three days later, the Japan Meteorological Agency finally upgraded the system to a tropical storm, and named it Faxai. Faxai gradually intensified, reaching typhoon status on September 6. Typhoon Faxai rapidly intensified into a Category 4 storm on September 8 and reaching its peak intensity. Faxai weakened slightly before making landfall in Chichijima Island near Chiba City shortly before 5:00 a.m. JST September 9.[6][7]

Preparations

Significant typhoons with special names[8]
(from the Japan Meteorological Agency)
Name Number Japanese name
Ida T4518 Makurazaki Typhoon (枕崎台風)[9][10]
Louise T4523 Akune Typhoon (阿久根台風)
Marie T5415 Tōya Maru Typhoon (洞爺丸台風)
Ida T5822 Kanogawa Typhoon (狩野川台風)
Sarah T5914 Miyakojima Typhoon (宮古島台風)
Vera T5915 Isewan Typhoon (伊勢湾台風)
Nancy T6118 2nd Muroto Typhoon (第2室戸台風)
Cora T6618 2nd Miyakojima Typhoon (第2宮古島台風)
Della T6816 3rd Miyakojima Typhoon (第3宮古島台風)
Babe T7709 Okinoerabu Typhoon (沖永良部台風)
Faxai T1915 Reiwa 1 Bōsō Peninsula Typhoon (令和元年房総半島台風)
Hagibis T1919 Reiwa 1 East Japan Typhoon (令和元年東日本台風)

Japan Railway system was suspended with the bullet trains stopped between Tokyo and Odawara. People began leaving by plane as Faxai continued approaching the coast of Japan.[11] On Sunday all trains and flights were suspended with major winds and heavy rain expected to hit Tokyo. According to the Japan Meteorological Agency the storm would reach 134 mph winds when it made landfall. It was said that as much as 300 millimeters of rain could be recorded in Tokyo. Many homes and businesses were boarded up or secured by people across the country. Power was cut to people before the storm hit on Sunday.[12] 13,300 customers at the Narita International Airport were trapped in the airport overnight. Both railways towards the city center were shut down. Passengers were forced to stay inside the airport. The airport handed out 18,000 sets of water and other utensils to customers at the airport. Highways were closed across Japan because of Faxai.[13] U.S. bases had recovery teams ready for action after Faxai made landfall. Airbases all set closures the latest one being a base at the shorline of Tokyo Bay at 11:15 am on September 9.[14]

Impact

Aftermath of typhoon Faxai at Hōkoku-ji bamboo garden

In Tokyo, beach homes had their windows and doors blown out by the storm. Two transmission towers were destroyed which left 100,000 homes and businesses without signal. A blackout across Japan left a Sony Corp, factory to shut down. The blackout stretched across the city of Tokyo with the Tokyo Electric Power Company saying that 730,000 households were without power.[15] Winds caused damage across the area of Honshu damaging homes, knocking out power and uprooting trees. It was recorded that between 3 and 8 inches of rain fell in southeastern Honshu causing minor flooding in the area. It was said that a landslide could be triggered by Faxai, but no landslide had been reported.[16] Faxai was linked to three deaths and a dozen injuries in Japan alone, with more than 850,000 customers without power. Fires were reported at a solar power plant after Faxai and across the Chiba Prefecture farmlands being flooded due to heavy rain across Japan.[17] People were toppled by large wind gusts during the storm with the eyewall passing over Japan damaging many areas. A woman was killed when she was toppled by a wind gust. Transportation systems were closed when Faxai blasted the area.[18]


Costliest known Pacific typhoons (adjusted for inflation)
Rank Typhoon Season Damage
(2023 USD)
1 Doksuri 2023 $28.4 billion
2 Mireille 1991 $22.4 billion
3 Hagibis 2019 $20.6 billion
4 Jebi 2018 $17 billion
5 Yagi 2024 $16.6 billion
6 Songda 2004 $15 billion
7 Fitow 2013 $13.6 billion
8 Faxai 2019 $11.9 billion
9 Saomai 2000 $11.1 billion
10 Lekima 2019 $11.1 billion
Source: [1]

Faxai was recorded as one of the most powerful typhoons to impact Tokyo, with 134 mph winds being recorded in Tokyo. The Tokyo Bay grew by a few inches because of the heavy rainfall total that Faxai dropped. Metal signs were torn off of buildings, trucks were knocked down or overturned, a gas station was destroyed and a glass case was also destroyed leaving broken glass scattered through streets. Television footage showed a huge roof collapsing at a petrol station in Tateyama.[19]

Aftermath and retirement

Due to the severe impact in Japan, the name Faxai was retired during the 52nd annual session of the ESCAP/WMO Typhoon Committee in February 2020. In February 2021, the Typhoon Committee subsequently chose Nongfa as its replacement name.[20]

See also

References

  1. ^ "気象庁が名称を定めた気象・地震・火山現象一覧" (in Japanese). Japan Meteorological Agency. Retrieved 20 February 2020.
  2. ^ "Typhoon Faxai: Storm cuts power to 900,000 homes". BBC. September 9, 2019. Retrieved September 9, 2019.
  3. ^ "Powerful Typhoon Faxai kills three, injures 40 and wreaks havoc on Tokyo transport system". The Japan Times. September 9, 2019. Retrieved September 9, 2019.
  4. ^ "Japan struggles to deal with blackout after deadly Typhoon Faxai". Al Jazeera. September 11, 2019. Retrieved September 11, 2019.
  5. ^ Weather, Climate & Catastrophe Insight: 2019 Annual Report (PDF). AON Benfield (Report). AON Benfield. January 22, 2020. Retrieved January 23, 2020.
  6. ^ "令和元年　台風第15号に関する情報　第72号" (in Japanese). Japan Meteorological Agency. September 9, 2019. Archived from the original on September 9, 2019. Retrieved September 9, 2019.
  7. ^ "Typhoon Faxai heading toward eastern Japan, may make landfall by Sunday night in Kanto Region". Thejapantimes. September 7, 2019. Retrieved September 7, 2019.
  8. ^ "気象庁が名称を定めた気象・地震・火山現象一覧" (in Japanese). Japan Meteorological Agency. Retrieved 20 February 2020.
  9. ^ "枕崎台風 昭和20年（1945年） ９月17日～９月18日". www.data.jma.go.jp (in Japanese). Retrieved 2020-08-08.
  10. ^ "第三版,日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ) - 枕崎台風(まくらざきたいふう)とは". コトバンク (in Japanese). Retrieved 2020-08-08.
  11. ^ "Powerful typhoon Faxai in direct hit on Tokyo". Shingo Ito. September 9, 2019. Retrieved September 9, 2019.
  12. ^ "Tokyo cancels flights, trains ahead of Typhoon Faxai". Michael Perry. September 7, 2019. Retrieved September 7, 2019.
  13. ^ "Japan typhoon leaves thousands stranded at the airport". Jessie Young and Yoko Wakatsuki. September 7, 2019. Retrieved September 7, 2019.
  14. ^ "Typhoon 14W (Faxai), #33 FINAL". Dave Ornauer. September 6, 2019. Retrieved September 6, 2019.
  15. ^ "Typhoon Faxai Kills 3 in Japan, Injures 40, Causes Widespread Damage". Ron Brackett. September 9, 2019. Retrieved September 9, 2019.
  16. ^ "Typhoon Faxai Makes Landfall in Japan; Damaging Winds, Heavy Rain and Pounding Surf continue in Tokyo". Jonathan Belles. September 8, 2019. Retrieved September 8, 2019.
  17. ^ "Typhoon Faxai Rips Through Tokyo Area: At Least 2 dead and 700,000 Without Power". Bill Chappell. September 9, 2019. Retrieved September 9, 2019.
  18. ^ "Typhoon Faxai Rips Through Tokyo Area: At Least 2 dead and 700,000 Without Power". Bill Chappell. September 9, 2019. Retrieved September 9, 2019.
  19. ^ McCurry, Justin (September 8, 2019). "Typhoon Faxai batters Tokyo, causing evacuations, blackouts and transport chaos". The Guardian. Retrieved September 8, 2019.
  20. ^ "Replacement Names of FAXAI, HAGIBIS, KAMMURI, LEKIMA, PHANFONE, and YUTU in the Tropical Cyclone Name List" (PDF). Typhoon Committee. February 8, 2021. Retrieved February 27, 2020.
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