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Typhoon Herb

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(Redirected from Typhoon Herb (1996))
For other storms of the same name, see List of storms named Huaning.
Typhoon Herb (Huaning)
Herb at peak intensity approaching Taiwan on July 30
Meteorological history
FormedJuly 21, 1996
DissipatedAugust 3, 1996
Very strong typhoon
10-minute sustained (JMA)
Highest winds175 km/h (110 mph)
Lowest pressure925 hPa (mbar); 27.32 inHg
Category 5-equivalent super typhoon
1-minute sustained (SSHWS/JTWC)
Highest winds260 km/h (160 mph)
Overall effects
Fatalities284 total
Missing306
Damage$5 billion (1996 USD)
Areas affected
IBTrACSEdit this at Wikidata
Part of the 1996 Pacific typhoon season

Typhoon Herb, known in the Philippines as Typhoon Huaning, was a deadly and destructive tropical cyclone that became the strongest and largest typhoon of that year’s Pacific typhoon season. Herb struck the Ryūkyū Islands, Taiwan and the People's Republic of China, causing major damage. The name Herb was used in the Western Pacific naming list for the first time after the list had been revised earlier in 1996. Despite the damages and number of casualties, the name “Herb” was not retired following the season.

Meteorological history

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Map plotting the storm's track and intensity, according to the Saffir–Simpson scale
Map key
Saffir–Simpson scale
  Tropical depression (≤38 mph, ≤62 km/h)
  Tropical storm (39–73 mph, 63–118 km/h)
  Category 1 (74–95 mph, 119–153 km/h)
  Category 2 (96–110 mph, 154–177 km/h)
  Category 3 (111–129 mph, 178–208 km/h)
  Category 4 (130–156 mph, 209–251 km/h)
  Category 5 (≥157 mph, ≥252 km/h)
  Unknown
Storm type
triangle Extratropical cyclone, remnant low, tropical disturbance, or monsoon depression

The active monsoon trough that spawned Typhoons Frankie (08W) and Gloria (09W) consolidated into a third area well east of the other two to develop Tropical Depression 10W near Saipan on July 23. It moved northward at first, then westward in response to the subtropical ridge to its north. Tropical Depression 10W intensified into a tropical storm and was named Herb on July 24. Tropical Storm Herb moved west, growing in size and strengthening to typhoon status on July 25 before rapidly intensifying into a Category 4 48 hours later. Herb slightly weakened while it underwent a Fujiwhara interaction with Typhoon Gloria. Shortly afterward Herb began to intensify again, and became a Category 5 super typhoon on July 30, reaching its peak intensity with a barometric pressure of 925 hPa (27.3 inHg) and 10-minute sustained winds of 175 km/h (109 mph; 49 m/s). Herb also became the largest typhoon in July and one of the largest typhoons since 1977.

Herb made its first landfall on the island of Taketomi, in the Ryūkyū Islands, before its second landfall in northern Taiwan as a Category 4 on July 31. The eye of the storm passed directly over the capital, Taipei. Herb weakened as it crossed Taiwan and the Taiwan Strait, to make landfall in China as a strong Category 2. Herb rapidly weakened over the country and dissipated on August 3.

Impact

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Wettest tropical cyclones and their remnants in Taiwan
Highest-known totals
Precipitation Storm Location Ref.
Rank mm in
1 3,060 120.47 Morakot 2009 Alishan, Chiayi [1]
2 2,319 91.30 Nari 2001 Wulai, New Taipei [2]
3 2,162 85.12 Flossie 1969 Beitou, Taipei [1]
4 1,987 78.23 Herb 1996 Alishan, Chiayi [3]
5 1,774 69.84 Saola 2012 Yilan City [4]
6 1,713.5 67.461 Krathon 2024 Taitung County [5]
7 1,700 66.93 Lynn 1987 Taipei [6]
8 1,672 65.83 Clara 1967 Dongshan, Yilan [7]
9 1,611 63.43 Sinlaku 2008 Heping, Taichung [8]
10 1,561 61.46 Haitang 2005 Sandimen, Pingtung [9]

Ryūkyū Islands

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Prior to the typhoon's arrival in the southern Ryūkyū Islands, officials issued storm warnings for most islands and canceled 76 flights.[10] On July 31, the eye of Typhoon Herb passed roughly 16 to 20 km (9.9 to 12.4 mi) southwest of Iriomote Island. On the island, a barometric pressure of 927.1 mbar (hPa; 27.38 inHg) was measured. On Yonaguni, a maximum wind gust of 244 km/h (152 mph) was also measured. Widespread damage took place across the southern Ryūkyū Islands, with losses reaching ¥667 million (US$6.2 million).[nb 1][12][10] On Ishigaki Island, one home was destroyed and eighteen others were damaged. Extensive losses to agriculture, fisheries, and forestry took place across the region as well. Losses on Ishigaki alone reached ¥630 million (US$5.9 million).[12] In Okinawa, large swells up to 4 m (13 ft) flooded low-lying areas, leaving minor damage.[13]

Taiwan

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In Taiwan, heavy rain from Herb caused flooding and major damage. In Taiwan, at least 51 people were killed and 22 went missing. Herb is the fourth wettest known tropical cyclone to impact the country.

Mainland China

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In China, the code name of the typhoon was "9608", and over 13,000 people were injured or killed, including 779 deaths.[14] Total damage to agriculture and property totaled US$5 billion (1996 dollars).[15]

Notes

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  1. ^ The total was originally reported in Yen. Total converted via the Oanda Corporation website.[11]

See also

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References

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  1. ^ a b Central Weather Bureau (2010). "侵台颱風資料庫". Retrieved October 19, 2011.
  2. ^ Unattributed (September 9, 2009). "莫拉克颱風暴雨量及洪流量分析" (PDF). Water Resources Agency, Ministry of Economic Affairs, Republic of China. Retrieved July 17, 2011.
  3. ^ Unattributed (September 9, 2009). "莫拉克颱風暴雨量及洪流量分析" (PDF). Water Resources Agency, Ministry of Economic Affairs, Republic of China. Retrieved July 17, 2011.
  4. ^ Chen Zhi (August 2, 2012). "Typhoon Saola dumps heavy downpours around Taiwan". Xinhua General News. Retrieved August 2, 2012.
  5. ^ "首個10月高雄登陸颱風！山陀兒創6大新紀錄 基隆雨量更破78年新高". Yahoo News (in Chinese). 2024-10-04. Retrieved 2024-10-06.
  6. ^ Joint Typhoon Warning Center; Naval Pacific Meteorology and Oceanography Center (1988). Annual Tropical Cyclone Report: 1987 (PDF) (Report). United States Navy, United States Air Force. Retrieved July 1, 2014.
  7. ^ Lianshou, Chen. Topic 2.1 Observing and forecasting rainfall. Fifth International Workshop on Tropical Cyclones. Retrieved August 4, 2012.
  8. ^ "Typhoon Sinlaku Central emergency operation center No.12". Central emergency operation center. September 16, 2008. Retrieved January 13, 2009.
  9. ^ Chiu Yu-Tzu (July 20, 2005). "Haitang fizzles out, leaves Taiwan wet". Taipei Times. Retrieved April 11, 2010.
  10. ^ a b "Weather Disaster Report: (1996-927-05)" (in Japanese). National Institute of Informatics. 2012. Retrieved October 19, 2012.
  11. ^ "Historical Exchange Rates". Oanda Corporation. 2012. Retrieved 2012-08-31.
  12. ^ a b "Weather Disaster Report: (1996-918-01)" (in Japanese). National Institute of Informatics. 2012. Retrieved October 19, 2012.
  13. ^ "Weather Disaster Report: (1996-936-04)" (in Japanese). National Institute of Informatics. 2012. Retrieved October 19, 2012.
  14. ^ "中国台风灾情特征及其灾害客观评估方法". Acta Metallurgica Sinica. 67. 2009.
  15. ^ Chun-Chieh Wu and Ying-Hwa Kuo. Typhoons Affecting Taiwan: Current Understanding and Future Challenges. Retrieved on 2008-12-01.
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