User:배우는사람/Numerals
Hebrew numerals
[edit]The Hebrew language has names for common numbers that range from zero to one million. Letters of the Hebrew alphabet are used to represent numbers in a few traditional contexts, for example in calendars. In other situations Hindu–Arabic numeral system numerals are used. Cardinal and ordinal numbers must agree in gender with the noun they are describing. If there is no such noun (e.g. telephone numbers), the feminine form is used. For ordinal numbers greater than ten the cardinal is used and tens above the value 20 have no gender (20, 30, 40, ... are genderless), except if the number have digit 1 at the tens (110, 210, 310, ...).
Ordinal values
[edit]| Ordinal (English) |
Ordinal (Hebrew) | |
|---|---|---|
| Masculine | Feminine | |
| First | (rishon) רִאשׁוֹן | (rishona) רִאשׁוֹנָה |
| Second | (sheni) שֵׁנִי | (shniya) שְׁנִיָּה |
| Third | (shlishi) שְׁלִישִׁי | (shlishit) שְׁלִישִׁית |
| Fourth | (revi'i) רְבִיעִי | (revi'it) רְבִיעִית |
| Fifth | (chamishi) חֲמִישִׁי | (chamishit) חֲמִישִׁית |
| Sixth | (shishi) שִׁשִּׁי | (shishit) שִׁשִּׁית |
| Seventh | (shvi'i) שְׁבִיעִי | (shvi'it) שְׁבִיעִית |
| Eighth | (shmini) שְׁמִינִי | (shminit) שְׁמִינִית |
| Ninth | (tshi'i) תְּשִׁיעִי | (tshi'it) תְּשִׁיעִית |
| Tenth | ('asiri) עֲשִׂירִי | ('asirit) עֲשִׂירִית |
Note: For ordinal numbers greater than 10, cardinal numbers are used instead.
Cardinal values
[edit]| Hindu-Arabic numerals |
Hebrew numerals |
Cardinal (ex. one, two, three) | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Masculine | Feminine | ||
| 0 | - | (efes) אֶפֶס | |
| 1 | א (alef) | (echad) אֶחָד | (achat) אַחַת |
| 2 | ב (bet) | (shnayim) שְׁנַיִם | (shtayim) שְׁתַּיִם |
| 3 | ג (gimel) | (shlosha) שְׁלֹשָׁה | (shalosh) שָׁלֹשׁ |
| 4 | ד (dalet) | (arba'a) אַרְבָּעָה | (arba') אַרְבַּע |
| 5 | ה (he) | (chamisha) חֲמִשָּׁה | (chamesh) חָמֵשׁ |
| 6 | ו (vav) | (shisha) שִׁשָּׁה | (shesh) שֵׁשׁ |
| 7 | ז (zayin) | (shiv'a) שִׁבְעָה | (sheva') שֶׁבַע |
| 8 | ח (chet) | (shmona) שְׁמוֹנָה | (shmone) שְׁמוֹנֶה |
| 9 | ט (tet) | (tish'a) תִּשְׁעָה | (tesha') תֵּשַׁע |
| 10 | י (yod) | ('assara) עֲשָׂרָה | ('eser) עֶשֶׂר |
| 11 | יא | (achad-'asar) אֲחַד-עָשָׂר | (achat-'esre) אֲחַת-עֶשְׂרֵה |
| 12 | יב | (shnem-'asar) שְׁנֵים-עָשָׂר | (shtem-'esre) שְׁתֵּים-עֶשְׂרֵה |
| 13 | יג | (shlosha-'asar) שְׁלֹשָה-עָשָׂר | (shlosh-'esre) שְׁלֹשׁ-עֶשְׂרֵה |
| 14 | יד | (arba'a-'asar) אַרְבָּעָה-עָשָׂר | (arba'-'esre) אַרְבַּע-עֶשְׂרֵה |
| 15 | ט״ו or י״ה | (chamisha-'asar) חֲמִשָּׁה-עָשָׂר | (chamesh-'esre) חֲמֵשׁ-עֶשְׂרֵה |
| 16 | ט״ז or י״ו | (shisha-'asar) שִׁשָּׁה-עָשָׂר | (shesh-'esre) שֵׁש-עֶשְׂרֵה |
| 17 | יז | (shiv'a-'asar) שִׁבְעָה-עָשָׂר | (shva'-'esre) שְׁבַע-עֶשְׂרֵה |
| 18 | יח | (shmona-'asar) שְׁמוֹנָה-עָשָׂר | (shmone-'esre) שְמוֹנֶה-עֶשְׂרֵה |
| 19 | יט | (tish'a-'asar) תִּשְׁעָה-עָשָׂר | (tesha'-'esre) תְּשַׁע-עֶשְׂרֵה |
| 20 | כ or ך | ('esrim) עֶשְׂרִים | |
| 30 | ל | (shloshim) שְׁלֹשִׁים | |
| 40 | מ or ם | (arba'im) אַרְבָּעִים | |
| 50 | נ or ן | (chamishim) חֲמִשִּׁים | |
| 60 | ס | (shishim) שִׁשִּׁים | |
| 70 | ע | (shiv'im) שִׁבְעִים | |
| 80 | פ or ף | (shmonim) שְׁמוֹנִים | |
| 90 | צ or ץ | (tish'im) תִּשְׁעִים | |
| 100 | ק | (mea) מֵאָה | |
| 200 | ר | (matayim) מָאתַיִם | |
| 300 | ש | (shlosh meot) שְׁלֹשׁ מֵאוֹת | |
| 400 | ת | (arba' meot) אַרְבַּע מֵאוֹת | |
| 500 | ך | (chamesh meot) חֲמֵשׁ מֵאוֹת | |
| 600 | ם | (shesh meot) שֵׁשׁ מֵאוֹת | |
| 700 | ן | (shva meot) שְׁבַע מֵאוֹת | |
| 800 | ף | (shmone meot) שְׁמוֹנֶה מֵאוֹת | |
| 900 | ץ | (tsha' meot) תְּשַׁע מֵאוֹת | |
| 1000 | א׳ | (elef) אֶלֶף | |
| 2000 | ב׳ | (alpaim) אַלְפַּיִם | |
| 5000 | ה׳ | (chameshet alafim) חֲמֵשֶׁת אֲלָפִים | |
| 10 000 | י׳ | (aseret alafim) עֲשֶׂרֶת אֲלָפִים or (revava) רְבָבָה or (ribbo) רִבּוֹא | |
| 100 000 | ק׳ | (mea elef) מֵאָה אֶלֶף or (aseret ribbo) עֲשֶׂרֶת רִבּוֹא | |
| 1 000 000 | א׳׳ | (miliyon) מִילְיוֹן or (mea ribbo) מֵאָה רִבּוֹא | |
| 10 000 000 | י׳׳ | (asara miliyon) עֲשָׂרָה מִילְיוֹן or (elef ribbo) אֶלֶף רִבּוֹא | |
| 100 000 000 | ק׳׳ | (mea miliyon) מֵאָה מִילְיוֹן or (ribbo ribbo'ot) רִבּוֹא רִבּוֹאוֹת or (ribbo revavot) רִבּוֹא רְבָבוֹת | |
| 1 000 000 000 | א׳׳׳ | (miliyard) מִילְיַרְדּ | |
| 1 000 000 000 000 | א׳׳׳׳ | (trilyon) טְרִילְיוֹן | |
| 1015 | א׳׳׳׳׳ | (kwadrilyon) קְוַדְרִילְיוֹן | |
| 1018 | א׳׳׳׳׳׳ | (kwintilyon) קְוִינְטִילְיוֹן | |
Note: Officially, numbers greater than a million were represented by the long scale; However, since January 21, 2013, the modified short scale (under which the long scale milliard is substituted for the strict short scale billion), which was already the colloquial standard, became official.[1]
Collective numerals
[edit]| Number | We masc. | We fem. | You masc. | You fem. | They masc. | They fem. |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Two together | (shnenu) שְׁנֵינוּ | (shtenu) שְׁתֵּינוּ | (shnechem) שְׁנֵיכֶם | (shtechen) שְׁתֵּיכֶן | (shnehem) שְׁנֵיהֶם | (shtehen) שְׁתֵּיהֶן |
| Three together | (shloshtenu) שְׁלָשְׁתֵּנוּ | (shlosht'chem) שְׁלָשְׁתְּכֶם | (shlosht'chen) שְׁלָשְׁתְּכֶן | (shloshtam) שְׁלָשְׁתָּם | (shloshtan) שְׁלָשְׁתָּן | |
| Four together | (arba'tenu) אַרבַּעְתֵּנוּ | (arba'tchem) אַרבַּעְתְּכֶם | (arba'tchen) אַרבַּעְתְּכֶן | (arba'tam) אַרבַּעְתָּם | (arba'tan) אַרבַּעְתָּן | |
| Five together | (chamishtenu) חֲמִשְׁתֵּנוּ | (chamisht'chem) חֲמִשְׁתְּכֶם | (chamisht'chen) חֲמִשְׁתְּכֶן | (chamishtam) חֲמִשְׁתָּם | (chamishtan) חֲמִשְׁתָּן | |
| Six together | (shishtenu) שִׁשְׁתֵּנוּ | (shisht'chem) שִׁשְׁתְּכֶם | (shisht'chen) שִׁשְׁתְּכֶן | (shishtam) שִׁשְׁתָּם | (shishtan) שִׁשְׁתָּן | |
| Seven together | (shva'tenu) שְׁבַעְתֵּנוּ | (shva'tchem) שְׁבַעְתְּכֶם | (shva'tchen) שְׁבַעְתְּכֶן | (shva'tam) שְׁבַעְתָּם | (shva'tan) שְׁבַעְתָּן | |
| Eight together | (shmonatenu) שְׁמוֹנָתֵנוּ | (shmonatchem) שְׁמוֹנָתְכֶם | (shmonatchen) שְׁמוֹנָתְכֶן | (shmonatam) שְׁמוֹנָתָם | (shmonatan) שְׁמוֹנָתָן | |
| Nine together | (tsha'tenu) תְּשַׁעְתֵּנוּ | (tsha'tchem) תְּשַׁעְתְּכֶם | (tsha'tchen) תְּשַׁעְתְּכֶן | (tsha'tam) תְּשַׁעְתָּם | (tsha'tan) תְּשַׁעְתָּן | |
| Ten together | (asartenu) עֲשַׂרתֵּנוּ | (asart'chem) עֲשַׂרתְּכֶם | (asart'chen) עֲשַׂרתְּכֶן | (asartam) עֲשַׂרתָּם | (asartan) עֲשַׂרתָּן | |
Speaking and writing
[edit]Cardinal and ordinal numbers must agree in gender (masculine or feminine; mixed groups are treated as masculine) with the noun they are describing. If there is no such noun (e.g. a telephone number or a house number in a street address), the feminine form is used. Ordinal numbers must also agree in number and definite status like other adjectives. The cardinal number precedes the noun (e.g., shlosha yeladim), except for the number one which succeeds it (e.g., yeled echad). The number two is special: shnayim (m.) and shtayim (f.) become shney (m.) and shtey (f.) when followed by the noun they count. For ordinal numbers (numbers indicating position) greater than ten the cardinal is used.
- ^ http://www.hebrew-academy.org.il/2013/02/07/האקדמיה-ללשון-העברית-התכנסה-לישיבתה-ה-32/
- ^ https://hebrew-academy.org.il/topic/hahlatot/grammardecisions/terminology-ordinance/4-3-%d7%94%d7%a9%d7%99%d7%9e%d7%95%d7%a9-%d7%91%d7%a9%d7%9d-%d7%94%d7%9e%d7%a1%d7%a4%d7%a8/#target-3357
- ^ https://ivrita.net/chisla.htm