User:40bus/Japanese
Appearance
Gairaigo in hiragana
[edit]はんばあがあ (hanbāgā)
こばると (kobaruto)
しゃったあちゃんす (shattā chansu)
こうひいしょっぷ (kōhī shoppu)
にゅうす (nyūsu)
Kanji readings
[edit]- Honshu: 本州 (Honshū) → Motosu
- Hokkaido: 北海道 (Hokkaidō) → Kitaumimichi
- Shikoku: 四国 (Shikoku) → Yokuni
- Kyushu: 九州 (Kyūshū) → Kokonosu
Extended hiragana
[edit]いぃ yi | いぇ ye | |||
ウァ wa* | ウィ wi | ウゥ wu* | ウェ we | ウォ wo |
ウュ wyu | ||||
ゔぁ va | ゔぃ vi | ゔ vu⁑ | ゔぇ ve | ゔぉ vo |
ゔゃ vya | ゔゅ vyu | ゔぃぇ vye | ゔょ vyo | |
きぇ kye | ||||
ぎぇ gye | ||||
クァ kwa | クィ kwi | クェ kwe | クォ kwo | |
クヮ kwa | ||||
グァ gwa | グィ gwi | グェ gwe | グォ gwo | |
グヮ gwa | ||||
しぇ she | ||||
じぇ je | ||||
すぃ si | ||||
ずぃ zi | ||||
ちぇ che | ||||
つぁ tsa | つぃ tsi | つぇ tse | つぉ tso | |
つゅ tsyu | ||||
ティ ti | とぅ tu | |||
てゅ tyu | ||||
でぃ di | どぅ du | |||
でゅ dyu | ||||
にぇ nye | ||||
ひぇ hye | ||||
びぇ bye | ||||
ぴぇ pye | ||||
ふぁ fa | ふぃ fi | ふぇ fe | ふぉ fo | |
ふゃ fya | ふゅ fyu | ふぃぇ fye | ふょ fyo | |
ほぅ hu | ||||
みぇ mye | ||||
りぇ rye | ||||
ら゜ la | リ゜ li | ル゜ lu | レ゜ le | ロ゜ lo |
リ゜ャ lya | リ゜ュ lyu | リ゜ェ lye | リ゜ョ lyo | |
ヷ va⁂ | ヸ vi⁂ | ヹ ve⁂ | ヺ vo⁂ |
Words with extended katakana
[edit]ツェッピット (tseppitto)
ミェリャター (myeryatā)
ツァッケン (tsakken)
Super-extended katakana
[edit]ツャ tsya | ツュ tsyu | ツィェ tsye | ツョ tsyo |
Even More Katakana
[edit]Monographs (gojūon) | Digraphs (yōon) | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
a | i | u | e | o | ä | ö | ü | ya | yu | yo | |
∅ | ア a [a] |
イ i [i] |
ウ u [ɯ] |
エ e [e][n 1] |
オ o [o] |
甘 ä [æ] |
气 ö [ø] |
斗 ü [y] |
|||
K | カ ka [ka] |
キ ki [ki] |
ク ku [kɯ] |
ケ ke [ke] |
コ ko [ko] |
キャ kya [kʲa] |
キュ kyu [kʲɯ] |
キョ kyo [kʲo] | |||
S | サ sa [sa] |
シ shi [ɕi] |
ス su [sɯ] |
セ se [se] |
ソ so [so] |
シャ sha [ɕa] |
シュ shu [ɕɯ] |
ショ sho [ɕo] | |||
T | タ ta [ta] |
チ chi [t͡ɕi] |
ツ tsu [t͡sɯ] |
テ te [te] |
ト to [to] |
チャ cha [t͡ɕa] |
チュ chu [t͡ɕɯ] |
チョ cho [t͡ɕo] | |||
N | ナ na [na] |
ニ ni [ɲi] |
ヌ nu [nɯ] |
ネ ne [ne] |
ノ no [no] |
ニャ nya [ɲa] |
ニュ nyu [ɲɯ] |
ニョ nyo [ɲo] | |||
H | ハ ha [ha] |
ヒ hi [çi] |
フ fu [ɸɯ] |
ヘ he [he] |
ホ ho [ho] |
ヒャ hya [ça] |
ヒュ hyu [çɯ] |
ヒョ hyo [ço] | |||
M | マ ma [ma] |
ミ mi [mi] |
ム mu [mɯ] |
メ me [me] |
モ mo [mo] |
ミャ mya [mʲa] |
ミュ myu [mʲɯ] |
ミョ myo [mʲo] | |||
Y | ヤ ya [ja] |
[n 2] | ユ yu [jɯ] |
エ [𛄡] ye [je] / [e][n 3] |
ヨ yo [jo] |
||||||
R | ラ ra [ɾa] |
リ ri [ɾi] |
ル ru [ɾɯ] |
レ re [ɾe] |
ロ ro [ɾo] |
リャ rya [ɾʲa] |
リュ ryu [ɾʲɯ] |
リョ ryo [ɾʲo] | |||
W | ワ wa [ɰa] |
ヰ wi [ɰi] / [i][n 4] |
[n 2] | ヱ we [ɰe] / [e][n 4] |
ヲ wo [ɰo] / [o][n 4] |
||||||
Monographs with diacritics: gojūon with (han)dakuten | Digraphs with diacritics: yōon with (han)dakuten | ||||||||||
a | i | u | e | o | ya | yu | yo | ||||
G | ガ ga [ɡa] |
ギ gi [ɡi] |
グ gu [ɡɯ] |
ゲ ge [ɡe] |
ゴ go [ɡo] |
ギャ gya [ɡʲa] |
ギュ gyu [ɡʲɯ] |
ギョ gyo [ɡʲo] | |||
Z | ザ za [za] |
ジ ji [(d)ʑi] |
ズ zu [(d)zɯ] |
ゼ ze [ze] |
ゾ zo [zo] |
ジャ ja [(d)ʑa] |
ジュ ju [(d)ʑɯ] |
ジョ jo [(d)ʑo] | |||
D | ダ da [da] |
ヂ ji [(d)ʑi][n 5] |
ヅ zu [(d)zɯ][n 5] |
デ de [de] |
ド do [do] |
ヂャ ja [(d)ʑa][n 5] |
ヂュ ju [(d)ʑɯ][n 5] |
ヂョ jo [(d)ʑo][n 5] | |||
B | バ ba [ba] |
ビ bi [bi] |
ブ bu [bɯ] |
ベ be [be] |
ボ bo [bo] |
ビャ bya [bʲa] |
ビュ byu [bʲɯ] |
ビョ byo [bʲo] | |||
P | パ pa [pa] |
ピ pi [pi] |
プ pu [pɯ] |
ペ pe [pe] |
ポ po [po] |
ピャ pya [pʲa] |
ピュ pyu [pʲɯ] |
ピョ pyo [pʲo] | |||
Final nasal monograph | Polysyllabic monographs | ||||||||||
n | iu | koto | shite | toki | tomo | nari | |||||
* | ン n [ɴ m n ɲ ŋ ɰ̃] |
![]() iu [jɯː] |
ヿ koto [koto] |
![]() shite [ɕite] |
![]() ![]() toki [toki] |
![]() tomo [tomo] |
![]() nari [naɾi] | ||||
* | ![]() domo [domo] |
||||||||||
Functional graphemes | |||||||||||
sokuonfu | chōonpu | odoriji (monosyllable) | odoriji (polysyllable) | ||||||||
* | ッ (indicates a geminate consonant) |
ー (after long vowel) |
ヽ (reduplicates and unvoices syllable) |
〱 (reduplicates and unvoices syllable) | |||||||
* | ヾ (reduplicates and voices syllable) |
〱゙ (reduplicates and voices syllable) | |||||||||
* | ヽ゚ (reduplicates and voices syllable) |
〱゚ (reduplicates and voices syllable) |
Notes
[edit]- ^ Prior to the e/ye merger in the mid-Heian period, a different character (𛀀) was used in position e.
- ^ a b Theoretical combinations yi and wu are unused . Some katakana were invented for them by linguists in the Edo and Meiji periods in order to fill out the table, but they were never actually used in normal writing.
- ^ The combination ye existed prior to the mid-Heian period and was represented in very early katakana, but has been extinct for over a thousand years, having merged with e in the 10th century. The ye katakana (エ) was adopted for e (displacing 𛀀, the character originally used for e); the alternate katakana 𛄡 was invented for ye in the Meiji period for use in representations of Old and Early Classical Japanese so as to avoid confusion with the modern use of エ for e.
- ^ a b c The characters in positions wi and we are obsolete in modern Japanese, and have been replaced by イ (i) and エ (e). The character wo, in practice normally pronounced o, is preserved in only one use: as a particle. This is normally written in hiragana (を), so katakana ヲ sees only limited use. See Gojūon and the articles on each character for details.
- ^ a b c d e The ヂ (di) and ヅ (du) kana (often romanised as ji and zu) are primarily used for etymologic spelling , when the unvoiced equivalents チ (ti) and ツ (tu) (usually romanised as chi and tsu) undergo a sound change (rendaku) and become voiced when they occur in the middle of a compound word. In other cases, the identically-pronounced ジ (ji) and ズ (zu) are used instead. ヂ (di) and ヅ (du) can never begin a word, and they are not common in katakana, since the concept of rendaku does not apply to transcribed foreign words, one of the major uses of katakana.
Possible spellings
[edit]I eat apples (Watashi wa ringo o tabemasu)
[edit]私は林檎を食べます