User:Deisenbe/sandbox/DelRio
There had actually been a drop in illegal migrant activity at Del Rio in August, although the numbers were still near a 20-year high.
The Haitian migrant crisis of 2021
Background
[edit]Self-exile of Haitians after 2010 earthquake
[edit]Chile, Brazil
The trip since 2010 is easier than before
[edit]One reason that the migrant crisis has come up mostly since 2010 is that the trip, hard and dangerous as it is, is easier (though not safer) than it used to be. Air fares have dropped. Highways and bus services in South America, Central America, and Mexico have improved. The construction and paving of the 00 k . Chepo–Yaviza highway in Panama about 2008 shrank the biggest obstacle, the Darién Gap, considerably. Before A small army of hustlers and "protectors" is eager, for a fee, to assist them in reaching the border of Panama from Capurganá. Sometimes relatives already in the United States can help with costs.
The migrant situation in Mexico before 2021
[edit]The smuggling industry
[edit]As undocumemted entry to the United States has been made more difficult since the Clinton administration, an army of people smugglers has spontaneously arisen. In order to sell their services, which barkeers in Central America sell on street corners, the difficulty of the trip is minimi3$ and the chances of success are exagerrated.
Tapachula, Mexico
[edit]The route
[edit]Necoclí, Colombia
[edit]There is no road between Panama and Colombia. The closest one can get to Panama by road from South America is the small Columbian city of Necoclí, on the eastern shore of what used to be called the Gulf of Darién, but since it is entirely in Colombia and the country sees Darién as Panamanian, it has been renamed the Golfo de Aqaba. From there, ferries take migrants to the small resort city of Capurganá, on the west of the Gulf, or to nearby Acandí, both of which can only be reached by water. From there, the hike through the Darién jungle begins.
The population of Necoclí is about 20,000, primarily Black descendents of former slaves. About 25,000 migrants, 75% of which are Haitian, passed through Necoclí between January and August, 2021. The number of migrants arriving sometimes exceeds the capacity of the ferries, leaving Necoclí in August 2021 with 10,000 migrants sleeping in hostels, churches, or on the beach. The town's water system collapsed, unable to handle the increased load. The mayor proclaimed a state of emergency ("calamidad pública").[1]
Capurganá, Colombia
[edit]Crossing the Darién Gap from Colombia to Panama
[edit]The Pacific route
[edit]Yaviza highway
[edit]The Darién Gap
[edit]The Darién Gap is a border region between Panama, in which Darién is a province and a national park, and Colombia. There are no roads through it, only trails. The Pan-American Highway ends at Yaviza in Panama, and begins again at Turbo, Colombia. The approximately 60 miles (100 km.) separating them goes through jungle, swamp, and mountains. To make the trip was a rather dangerous and expensive adventure.
According to the Panamanian government, in 2018 there were 420 Haitians who crossed the Darién Gap; in 2021 there were through August 42,300.[2]
Central American caravans
[edit]Title 42
[edit]Denial of applications for asylum. Most applications are unsuccessful.
Biden's relaxation exploited by street sales in Ho duras.
The September 2021 Del Rio crisis
[edit]On September 15, 2021, the migrants waiting under the Del Rio–Ciudad Acuña International Bridge were reported to be "hundreds".[3] Migrants turned themselves in to Border Patrol officers, believing that they would be welcomed.
The caravan reached Del Rio, Texas, on Thursday, September 16, 2021. 2,000 entered in the morning; by the afternoon the number reached 8,200, and by Friday 10,500, according to the mayor, Bruno Lozano.[4] On September 16, 2021, The New York Times and the Washington Post both reported from Del Rio, Texas, that a "massive surge in migration across the Rio Grande this week...has overwhelmed the authorities and caused significant delays in processing the arrivals."[5][6] According to the Border Patrol, this was an unprecedented logistical challenge; the Washington Post described it as a humanitarian emergency.[6] Mayor Lozano, described the situation as a "worse [sic] case of worst-case scenarios."[6]
At time the Border Patrol estimated the number as 9,000.[5] For protection from the sun the Border Patrol held them under the Del Rio International Bridge joining the city with Ciudad Acuña, Mexico, as it had done previously under the Anzaldúa International Bridge in Granjeno, Texas,[7][8] and under the Paso del Norte International Bridge in El Paso, Texas.[9] The mayor of Del Rio, Bruno Lozano, described the conditions as "squalid".[5] Little clean water and food were supplied, and there were 20 portable toilets for the 9,000 people.[5] Migrants reentered Mexico to purchase food and other supplies in Ciudad Acuña, and then re-crossed the river to the Del Rio encampment. Some enterprising Mexicans waded across the river with what stock they could carry, and sold it there.
The Border Patrol denied access to American news media.[10]
This quantity of migrants far exceeded the processing capacity of the Del Rio Border Patrol station, which typically dealt with 300 migrants per day.[5] Additional agents were sent in from other Border Patrol offices in other Texas cities, and announced plans to move migrants to other Border Patrol offices, and to begin "return flights to Haiti".[5]
The border crossing at Del Rio was closed on Friday, September 17, with traffic diverted to the Eagle Pass Port of Entry, 57 miles (92 km) to the southeast.[11] The nearby Lake Amistad Dam International Crossing was also closed.[12] The Del Rio crossing partially reopened on Saturday September 26; accoreing to Customs and Border Protection all migrants under the bridge had been removed as of September 25.[13]
The officers on horseback
[edit]Calling in other agents
[edit]Transporting migrants to other CBP centers, for processing
[edit]Title 42 and charter flights to Haiti
[edit]Most of the Haitian migrants came via Brazil and Chile, where they had been living and working before finding conditions so bad that they set out by land for the United States. There were children of Haitians born in these countries. Some spoke Spanish much better than Haitian Creole.
These migrants said they intended to apply for asylum, but many of them were not even ableto apply (which would have given then an appointment montgs in the future, during which time they were supposed to remain in Mexico. Arrived shackled.
Title 42 had been used in May of 2020;[14] at that time single Mexicans, rather than Central Americans, were the largest nationality.[15] Some viewed the Title 42 expulsions as a blessing in disguise since, in contrast woth a previous "xero tolerance" policy, they were expelled without penalty, free to try again the next day.[16]
Emigrants continue to arrive in Sept. oct eec.
[edit]References
[edit]- ^ Daniels, Joe Parkin (2021-08-08). "'If I go back, I'll die': Colombian town scrambles to accommodate 10,000 migrants". The Guardian. Archived from the original on 2021-10-03. Retrieved 2021-10-03.
- ^ Dobbins, James; Kitroeff, Natalie; Kurmanaev, Anatoly; Sandoval, Edgar; Jordan, Miriam (Sep 17, 2021). "How Hope, Fear and Misinformation Led Thousands of Haitians to the U.S. Border". The New York Times.
- ^ Ulmer, Alexandra; Rosenberg, Mica (September 15, 2021). "Del Rio U.S.-Mexico border arrests dip in August, remain near 20-year highs". Reuters. Archived from the original on 2021-10-29. Retrieved 2021-11-19.
- ^ Santos Cid, Alejandro (Sep 17, 2021). "Más de 10.000 migrantes haitianos, retenidos en un campamento precario bajo un puente en el sur de Texas. La caravana, en la que también hay cubanos, venezolanos y nicaragüenses, entró a Estados x Unidos el jueves después de haber cruzado todo México". El País (Spain). Archived from the original on 2021-11-07. Retrieved 2021-11-08.
- ^ a b c d e f Dobbins, James; Sullivan, Eileen; Sandoval, Edgar (Sep 16, 2021). "Thousands of Migrants Huddle in Squalid Conditions Under Texas Bridge. The temporary camp in Del Rio has grown with staggering speed in recent days during a massive surge in migration that has overwhelmed the authorities". The New York Times. Archived from the original on November 8, 2021. Retrieved November 8, 2021.
- ^ a b c Hernández, Arelis R.; Miroff, Nick (September 16, 2021). "Thousands of Haitian migrants wait under bridge in South Texas after mass border crossing". Washington Post. Archived from the original on October 2, 2021. Retrieved November 12, 2021.
- ^ Jordan, Miriam; Romero, Simon; Kanno-Youngs, Zolan (March 15, 2021). "Children Are Sleeping on Mats in Overcrowded Border Facilities". The New York Times. Archived from the original on September 23, 2021. Retrieved November 19, 2021.
- ^ Ainslie, Julia (March 17, 2021). "Biden administration limits what Border Patrol can share with media about migrant surge at border. Restrictions on what border agents can share with the media were passed down verbally, say officials. Some have released videos of the border surge anyway". NBC News. Archived from the original on November 19, 2021. Retrieved November 22, 2021.
- ^ Romero, Simon (March 29, 2019). "Migrants Are Detained Under a Bridge in El Paso. What Happened?". The New York Times. Archived from the original on November 16, 2021. Retrieved November 16, 2021.
- ^ Lowry, Brian; Wilner, Michael; Charles, Jacqueline (25 Sep 2021). "'Beyond an Embarassment'. Biden promises consequences for how Haitian migrants were treated. President Joe Biden made his first public remarks on the treatment of Haitian migrants after a video of Border Patrol agents on horseback causes outrage [part 2]". The Miami Herald (Miami, Florida). p. A21 – via newspapers.com.
- ^ Pskowski, Marcia (19 Sep 2021). "Del Rio Port of Entry remains closed Saturday morning". El Paso Times (El Paso, Texas). p. A2. Archived from the original on 1 November 2021. Retrieved 8 November 2021.
- ^ "EE.UU. empieza a deportar a los haitianos retenidos en puente en la frontera. En las últimas jornadas, unos 13,000 migrantes, en su mayoría haitianos, estaban acampando debajo del puente internacional que une Ciudad Acuña (México) y Del Río". La Estrella de Panamá. Sep 19, 2021.
- ^ "Border crossing where migrants made camp to reopen". Tyler Morning Telegraph (Tyler, Texas). 26 Sep 2021. p. A2 – via newspapers.com.
- ^ Miroff, Nick (15 Jun 2020). "Border arrests up 36% in May. ACLU sues over rapid exit orders [part 1 of 2]". The Brownsville Herald (Brownsville, Texas). From the Washington Post. p. A1 – via newspapers.com.
- ^ Miroff, Nick (15 Jun 2020). "Border arrests up 36% in May. ACLU sues over rapid exit orders [part 2 of 2]". The Brownsville Herald (Brownsville, Texas). From the Washington Post. p. A4 – via newspapers.com.
- ^ Villagran, Lauren (13 Jul 2020). "Rapid expulsions cut off asylum. Trump's executive orders shut Mexico's gate". Courier-Post (Camden, New Jersey). p. A9 – via newspapers.com.
Category:Haitian emigrants