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Abi Umayah Abi Mughayrah ibn Abdullah ibn Umar ibn Makhzune ibn Qurashi.


also known as Umm Salama, her kunya meaning “mother of Salamah”. [1][2] Umm Salama was one of the most influential wives of the Prophet, recognized largely for recalling numerous Hadiths, or stories about Muhammad. [3]The Shia belief is that Umm Salama is the most important wife of the Prophet, second to Khadijah.[4]


Before Marriage to Muhammad[edit]

also known as Suhayl or Zad ar-Rakib. [5] Umm Salama’s father was an elite member of his Quraysh tribe, known for his great generosity, especially to travelers. [6]

Abu Salama was one of Muhammad’s close companions. [7]

Conversion to Islam[edit]

Abu Bakr [3]

Migrations to Abyssinia and Medina[edit]

Despite intense anger and persecution of the powerful Quraysh about their conversion to Islam, Umm Salama and Abu Salama continued their devotion to Islam. [6]

As the persecution grew in severity, the new Muslims began to look for life away from Mecca. The Prophet instructed his newly converted followers, including Umm Salama and Abu Salama, to make a migration to Abyssinia. Umm Salama abandoned her honorable life in her clan in Mecca to make the migration. While in Abyssinia, these Muslims were told that there had been a decrease in persecution along with an increase in numbers of Muslims in Mecca. This information caused Umm Salama, her husband, and the rest ot the Muslim emigrants to travel back to Mecca. Upon their return to Mecca, the Quraysh again began viciously persecuting the Muslims. In response, Muhammad gave his followers instructions to make a migration to Medina, also known as the hijra. Umm Salama, along with her husband and son planned to make the hijra together, however this was stopped when Umm Salama’s clan forced her to stay in Mecca, while Abu Salama’s clan took the child. [8]

Umm Salama recounted this story: 

       “Before we were out of Makkah, however, some men from my clan stopped us and said to my husband: ‘Though you are free to do what you like with yourself, you have no power over your wife. She is our daughter. Do you expect us to allow you to take her away from us?’ Then they pounced on him and snatched me away from him. My husband’s clan, Banu ‘Abd al-Asad,  saw them taking me and became hot with rage. ‘No! By Allah’ they shouted, ‘we shall not abandon the boy. He is our son and we have a first claim over him’ They took him by the hand and pulled him away from me”. [9]
             - Umm Salama

Abu Salama made the trip to Medina alone, leaving his wife and child in Mecca. After some time, Umm Salama was permitted by the Quraysh to leave Mecca, and she was given her son back by her husband’s tribe. With her son, she competed the hijra and was reconnected with her husband. [10]

Death of Abu Salama[edit]

During her marriage to Abu Salama, Umm Salama (in a story related by Ziyad ibn Abi Maryam) is said to have asked her husband to make agreement that when either of them died, the other would not remarry. However, in this tradtion, Abu Salama responds by instructing Umm Salama to remarry after his death. He then prayed, “O God, provide Umm Salama after me with a better man than me who will not grieve her or injure her!”. [11]

During the Battle of Uhud (March 625), Abu Salama was severely injured. While Abu Salama was dying due to these wounds, he recalled a story to Umm Salama involving a message he had heard from the Prophet: “I heard the Messenger of God saying, ‘Whenever a calamity afflicts anyone he should say, “Surely from God we are and to Him we shall certainly return.’ And he would pray, ‘O Lord, give me in return something better from it which only You, Exalted and Mighty can give”. [12]This traditional story has been transmitted with various differences, but the fundamental principles of the hadith remain intact.

eventually died... Umm Salama remembered the hadith recalled by her husband prior to his death, and began reciting the given prayer [12].

After finishing the iddah of three months and ten days, the sufficient amount of time that a woman must wait after the death of her husband before she can remarry, Umm Salama got offers of marriage. [13]

The Prophet himself then proposed to Umm Salama. She initially hesitated in her acceptance, stating, “O Messenger of Allah, I have three characteristics. I am a woman who is extremely jealous and I am afraid that you will see in me something that will anger you and cause Allah to punish me. I am a woman who is already advanced in age and I am a woman who has a young family” [13].

However, the Prophet appeased each of her concerns, “Regarding the jealousy you mentioned, I pray to Allah the Almighty to let it go away from you. Regarding the question of age you have mentioned, I am afflicted with the same problem as you. Regarding the dependent family you have mentioned, your family is my family” [13].

After Muhammad’s death, Umm Salama continued to have an influence on Islam. Her numerous Hadith transmissions have had a lasting impact on the future of the religion [1]. Umm Salama, along with one of Muhammad’s other wives, Aisha, also took roles as imams for other women, leading them in worship[14].

Umm Salama also took a strong position in the Battle of the Camel, in which the factions of Aisha and Ali were in direct opposition. Umm Salama openly disagreed with the involvement of Aisha in the battle. She strongly supported the faction of Ali, and is said to have recalled stories in which Muhammad favors Ali and Fatimah to back up her opinions on the battle [15].

Umm Salama even sent her son, Umar, to fight for Ali’s victory [2]

Umm Salama died around 64 AH, although the date of her death is disputed. Her son said that Umm Salama died at the age of 84 [16].

References[edit]

  1. ^ a b Sayeed, Asma (2013). Women and The Transmission of Religious Knowledge In Islam. NY: Cambridge University Press. p. 34. ISBN 978-1-107-03158-6.
  2. ^ a b Fahimineiad, Fahimeh (2012). "Exemplary Women: Lady Umm Salamah" (PDF). Message of Thaqalayn. 12 (4): 128. Retrieved 1 May 2014. {{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter |coauthors= ignored (|author= suggested) (help)
  3. ^ a b Hamid, AbdulWahid (1998). Companions of the Prohpet. London: MELS. p. 139. ISBN 0948196130.
  4. ^ Sayeed, Asma (2013). Women and The Transmission of Religious Knowledge In Islam. NY: Cambridge University Press. p. 35. ISBN 978-1-107-03158-6.
  5. ^ Muhammad, Shaykh (1998). Encyclopedia of Muhammad's Women Companions and the Traditions They Relate. Chicago: ABC International Group. p. 461. ISBN 1-871031-42-7. {{cite book}}: Unknown parameter |coauthors= ignored (|author= suggested) (help)
  6. ^ a b Hamid, AbdulWahid (1998). Companions of the Prohpet Vol. 1. London: MELS. p. 133. ISBN 0948196130.
  7. ^ Sayeed, Asma (2013). Women and The Transmission of Religious Knowledge In Islam. NY: Cambridge University Press. p. 34. ISBN 978-1-107-03158-6.
  8. ^ Hamid, AbdulWahid (1998). Companions of the Prohpet. London: MELS. p. 133-134. ISBN 0948196130.
  9. ^ Hamid, AbdulWahid (1998). Companions of the Prohpet. London: MELS. p. 135. ISBN 0948196130.
  10. ^ Hamid, AbdulWahid (1998). Companions of the Prohpet. London: MELS. p. 135-136. ISBN 0948196130.
  11. ^ Muhammad, Shaykh (1998). Encyclopedia of Muhammad's Women Companions and the Traditions They Relate. Chicago: ABC International Group. p. 461-462. ISBN 1-871031-42-7. {{cite book}}: Unknown parameter |coauthors= ignored (|author= suggested) (help)
  12. ^ a b Hamid, AbdulWahid (1998). Companions of the Prohpet. London: MELS. p. 137. ISBN 0948196130.
  13. ^ a b c Hamid, AbdulWahid (1998). Companions of the Prohpet. London: MELS. p. 138. ISBN 0948196130.
  14. ^ Ahmed, Leila (1992). Women and Gender in Islam. New Haven: Yale University Press. p. 61. ISBN 0-300-05583-8.
  15. ^ Sayeed, Asma (2013). Women and The Transmission of Religious Knowledge In Islam. NY: Cambridge University Press. p. 38. ISBN 978-1-107-03158-6.
  16. ^ Fahimineiad, Fahimeh (2012). "Exemplary Women: Lady Umm Salamah" (PDF). Message of Thaqalayn. 12 (4): 127. Retrieved 1 May 2014. {{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter |coauthors= ignored (|author= suggested) (help)
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