User:Fucherastonmeym87/Arrowhead Supercluster

Arrowhead Supercluster
Arrowhead Supercluster
	Map of the Laniakea Supercluster and its component galaxy clusters
Observation data (Epoch J2000)
Constellation(s)	Triangulum Australe and Norma; (Great Attractor)
Right ascension	10h 32m
Declination	−46° 00′;
Brightest member	Milky Way (mag –5.0)
Number of galaxies	100,000–150,000
Parent structure	Pisces–Cetus Supercluster Complex
Major axis	25 Mpc (82 million ly) h−1; 0.6780 ± 0.077; (H0 from Planck 2013)
Redshift	0.0708 (center)
Distance	250 million ly (77 Mpc) h−1; 0.6780 ± 0.077; (Great Attractor); (H0 from Planck 2013)
Binding mass	1×1017 M☉
Other designations
	Local Supercluster, Laniakea, Laniakea Supercluster, Laniakea Complex

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Map of superclusters within the nearby universe, with Laniakea shown in yellow

Video showing in 3D Laniakea and other nearby superclusters of galaxies

The Laniakea Supercluster (/ˌlæniəˈkeɪə/, Hawaiian for open skies or immense heaven)^[2] is the galaxy supercluster that is home to the Milky Way and approximately 100,000 other nearby galaxies. It was defined in September 2014, when a group of astronomers including R. Brent Tully of the University of Hawaiʻi, Hélène Courtois of the University of Lyon, Yehuda Hoffman of the Hebrew University of Jerusalem, and Daniel Pomarède of CEA Université Paris-Saclay published a new way of defining superclusters according to the relative velocities of galaxies.^[3]^[4]

Name and Obsevational History

The name Arrowhead refers to the shape of the supercluster as inferred from a Wiener Filter analysis of the motions of galaxies derived from the Cosmicflows-2 Database which also led to the identification of the Laniakea Supercluster.^[5]

Characteristics

The Arrowhead Supercluster encompasses approximately 100,000 galaxies stretched out over 25 Mpc (82 million ly). It has the approximate mass of 10¹⁵ solar masses, or 100,000 times that of our galaxy, which is almost the same as that of the Horologium Supercluster.^[3] It consists of four subparts, which were known previously as separate superclusters:

Virgo Supercluster, the part in which the Milky Way resides.
Hydra–Centaurus Supercluster
- the Great Attractor, Laniakea's central gravitational point near Norma
- Antlia Wall, known as Hydra Supercluster
- Centaurus Supercluster
Pavo–Indus Supercluster
Southern Supercluster, including Fornax Cluster (S373), Dorado and Eridanus clouds.^[6]

Despite not containing any major cluster of galaxies, the most prominent group in the supercluster is the NGC 5353/54 Group with an estimated mass of roughly 30 trillion suns (3×10¹³ M_☉).

Location

The Arrowhead Supercluster lies between 3 major basins of attraction; the Laniakea Supercluster, the Coma Supercluster and Perseus–Pisces Supercluster. Above and below the Arrowhead Superlcuster lie two voids, the Upper Arrowhead Void and the Lower Arrowhead Void.

Arrowhead is itself a constituent part of the Pisces–Cetus Supercluster Complex, a galaxy filament.

References

^ "The Milky Way's 'City' Just Got a New Name". Bloomberg.com. CityLab. 3 September 2014. Retrieved 9 September 2014.
^ Taylor, Charles (2014). Science Encyclopedia. Kingfisher.
^ ^a ^b Tully, R. Brent; Courtois, Hélène; Hoffman, Yehuda; Pomarède, Daniel (Sep 2014). "The Laniakea supercluster of galaxies". Nature. 513 (7516): 71–73. arXiv:1409.0880. Bibcode:2014Natur.513...71T. doi:10.1038/nature13674. ISSN 1476-4687. PMID 25186900. S2CID 205240232.
^ Tempel, Elmo (2014-09-01). "Cosmology: Meet the Laniakea supercluster". Nature. 513 (7516): 41–42. Bibcode:2014Natur.513...41T. doi:10.1038/513041a. PMID 25186896.
^ Pomarède, Daniel; Tully, R. Brent; Hoffman, Yehuda; Courtois, Hélène M. (October 2015). "THE ARROWHEAD MINI-SUPERCLUSTER OF GALAXIES". The Astrophysical Journal. 812 (1): 17. doi:10.1088/0004-637X/812/1/17. ISSN 0004-637X.
^ Mitra, Shyamal (1989). "A Study of the Southern Supercluster". The World of Galaxies, Pp 426-427. Springer, New York, NY.: 426–427. doi:10.1007/978-1-4613-9356-6_65. ISBN 978-1-4613-9358-0. Archived from the original on 9 June 2018. Retrieved 23 September 2020.

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External links

Vimeo, "Laniakea Supercluster", Daniel Pomarède, 4 September 2014—video representation of the findings of the discovery paper
YouTube, "Laniakea: Our Home Supercluster", Nature Video, 3 September 2014—Redrawing the boundaries of the cosmic map, they redefine our home supercluster and name it Laniakea.