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1922–1939 (Formation)

[edit]
Date Event Change
30 December 1922 The Union of Soviet Socialist Republics was formed by four countries,[1] which became union republics:

The capital was established at Moscow.

To do: Bukhara? Khorezm?

has map
3 March 1924 Portions of the Gomel, Smolensk, and Vitebsk Governorates were transferred from the Russian SFSR to the Byelorussian SSR.[2] Map of the change to the Soviet Union on 3 March 1924
27 October 1924 The Bukharan and Khorezm Socialist Soviet Republics were dissolved; with some of their land and some from the Russian SFSR, the Turkmen and Uzbek Socialist Soviet Republics were formed.[3] Map of the change to the Soviet Union on 27 October 1924
4 April 1925 Per the terms of the Soviet–Japanese Basic Convention, Japan withdrew its military occupation from the northern half of Sakhalin, which it had occupied during the Russian Civil War.[4] no change to map
13 May 1925 The Turkmen SSR and the Uzbek SSR were admitted and became union republics.[5] Map of the change to the Soviet Union on 13 May 1925
15 April 1926 Franz Josef Land and Victoria Island were annexed to the Russian SFSR.[6] Map of the change to the Soviet Union on 15 April 1926
6 December 1926 Part of the Gomel Governorate, which was being abolished, was transferred from the Russian SFSR to the Byelorussian SSR.[2] Map of the change to the Soviet Union on 6 December 1926
5 December 1929 The Tajik Socialist Soviet Republic was created as a union republic from the Tajik Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic and the Khujand region of the Uzbek SSR.[7] Map of the change to the Soviet Union on 5 December 1929
5 December 1936 The 1936 Soviet Constitution took effect, with several effects: Map of the change to the Soviet Union on 5 December 1936

1939–1988 (World War II and aftermath)

[edit]
Date Event Change
12 November 1939 West Belarus, recently occupied by Soviet forces, was annexed from Poland and attached to the Byelorussian SSR.[9] Map of the change to the Soviet Union on 12 November 1939
15 November 1939 Eastern Galicia and Volhynia, recently occupied by Soviet forces, were annexed from Poland and attached to the Ukrainian SSR.[10] Map of the change to the Soviet Union on 15 November 1939
21 March 1940 Finland ceded much of Finnish Karelia, several islands in the Gulf of Finland, some land around Salla, and their portion of the Rybachy Peninsula, which was attached to the Russian SFSR.[11] Map of the change to the Soviet Union on 21 March 1940
31 March 1940 The Karelian Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic was split from the Russian SFSR as a new union republic, the Karelo-Finnish Soviet Socialist Republic.[12][a] Map of the change to the Soviet Union on 31 March 1940
2 August 1940 Bessarabia and Northern Bukovina, which had been surrendered by Romania on June 28, 1940, were formally annexed. Part of the cession was attached to the Ukrainian SSR, and the rest, along with part of the Moldavian Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic of the Ukrainian SSR, was made into a new union republic, the Moldavian Soviet Socialist Republic.[13] Map of the change to the Soviet Union on 2 August 1940
3 August 1940 The Lithuanian Soviet Socialist Republic, established as a Soviet puppet state on July 21, 1940, over the territory of the Republic of Lithuania, was annexed as a new union republic.[14] The annexation was considered illegal and was never recognized by several countries, who continued to recognize a government-in-exile.[1] Map of the change to the Soviet Union on 3 August 1940
5 August 1940 The Latvian Soviet Socialist Republic, established as a Soviet puppet state on July 21, 1940, over the territory of the Republic of Latvia, was annexed as a new union republic.[15] The annexation was considered illegal and was never recognized by several countries, who continued to recognize a government-in-exile. Map of the change to the Soviet Union on 5 August 1940
6 August 1940 The Estonian Soviet Socialist Republic, established as a Soviet puppet state on July 21, 1940, over the territory of the Republic of Estonia, was annexed as a new union republic.[16] The annexation was considered illegal and was never recognized by several countries, who continued to recognize a government-in-exile. Map of the change to the Soviet Union on 6 August 1940
November 1940 A small area was transferred from the Byelorussian SSR to the Lithuanian SSR.[17] One source states this took place on November 6,[18] but this has not been corroborated. Map of the change to the Soviet Union in November 1940
2 November 1943 The Karachay Autonomous Oblast of the Russian SFSR was dissolved, with its territory split between the Russian SFSR and the Georgian SSR.[19] Map of the change to the Soviet Union on 2 November 1943
3 March 1944 The Chechen-Ingush Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic of the Russian SFSR was dissolved, with its territory split between the Russian SFSR and the Georgian SSR.[20][21] Map of the change to the Soviet Union on 3 March 1944
8 March 1944 A portion of the Kabardino-Balkar Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic of the Russian SFSR was transferred to the Georgian SSR, following the expulsion of the Balkars to Central Asia and the renaming of the republic of the Kabardin Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic.[22][21] Map of the change to the Soviet Union on 8 March 1944
19 September 1944 Finland ceded Petsamo, which was attached to the Russian SFSR, and part of the Karelo-Finnish SSR was transferred to the Russian SFSR.[23] Map of the change to the Soviet Union on 19 September 1944
11 October 1944 The Tuvan People's Republic was annexed and attached to the Russian SFSR.[24] Map of the change to the Soviet Union on 11 October 1944
29 June 1945 Carpathian Ruthenia was ceded from Czechoslovakia and attached to the Ukrainian SSR.[25][26] Map of the change to the Soviet Union on 29 June 1945
20 September 1945 The southern Kuril Islands, recently captured from Japan, were annexed to the Russian SFSR.[27] However, Japan never surrendered their claim. Map of the change to the Soviet Union on 20 September 1945
2 February 1946 Southern Sakhalin Island, which the Soviet Union had captured on August 25, 1945, was annexed to the Russian SFSR.[28] Map of the change to the Soviet Union on 2 February 1946
5 February 1946 The western end of the Byelorussian SSR was ceded to Poland. Map of the change to the Soviet Union on 5 February 1946
7 April 1946 The northern part of East Prussia, recently captured from Germany, was annexed to the Russian SFSR.[29][30] Map of the change to the Soviet Union on 7 April 1946
18 April 1947 Finland ceded a small parcel of land to the Russian SFSR for two hydroelectric plants along the Paatsjoki River.[31] Map of the change to the Soviet Union on 18 April 1947
7 April 1948 The Klaipėda Region was transferred from the Russian SFSR to the Lithuanian SSR,[32] though some sources suggest the date may have been in 1950, or the region was already de facto in the Lithuanian SSR.[33] Map of the change to the Soviet Union on 7 April 1948
15 May 1948 The village of Medyka was ceded from the Ukrainian SSR to Poland.[34] too small to map
5 June 1951 Two parcels of land were exchanged between the Ukrainian SSR and Poland.[35] Map of the change to the Soviet Union on 5 June 1951
19 February 1954 The Crimean Oblast was transferred from the Russian SFSR to the Ukrainian SSR.[36][37] Map of the change to the Soviet Union on 19 February 1954
16 July 1956 The Karelo-Finnish SSR was incorporated into the Russian SFSR.[38][39] Map of the change to the Soviet Union on 16 July 1956
9 January 1957 The Karachay-Cherkess Autonomous Oblast and the Chechen-Ingush Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic are reconstituted from the former territories of the Karachay AO and the Chechen-Ingush ASSR, transferring some land from the Georgian SSR to the Russian SFSR.[40][41][42][43][44][21] Map of the change to the Soviet Union on 9 January 1957

1988–1991 (Dissolution)

[edit]
Date Event Change
1 December 1989 The Armenian SSR declared its unification with the Nagorno-Karabakh Autonomous Oblast of the Azerbaijan SSR; the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet ruled this unconstitutional on January 10, 1990.[45] map
11 March 1990 The Lithuanian Soviet Socialist Republic declared independence as the Republic of Lithuania.[46] Map of the change to the Soviet Union on 11 March 1990
Disputes:
Map of the change to the international disputes involving the Soviet Union on 11 March 1990
4 May 1990 The Latvian Soviet Socialist Republic proclaimed that its annexation was illegal, and renamed itself the Republic of Latvia.[47] Map of the change to the Soviet Union on 4 May 1990
8 May 1990 The Estonian Soviet Socialist Republic renamed itself the Republic of Estonia.[48] Map of the change to the Soviet Union on 8 May 1990
5 June 1990 The Moldavian Soviet Socialist Republic renamed itself the Soviet Socialist Republic of Moldova.[49] Map of the change to the Soviet Union on 5 June 1990
19 August 1990 Representatives of Gagauzia declared their separation from the SSR of Moldova and petitioned to join the Soviet Union.[50][51] Map of the change to the Soviet Union on 19 August 1990
23 August 1990 The Armenian Soviet Socialist Republic proclaimed its sovereignty, and renamed itself the Republic of Armenia.[52] Map of the change to the Soviet Union on 23 August 1990
25 August 1990 The Abkhaz Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic declared its separation from the Georgian SSR and petitioned to join the Soviet Union.[53] Map of the change to the Soviet Union on 25 August 1990
2 September 1990 The Transnistria region declared its separation from the SSR of Moldova as the Pridnestrovian Moldavian Soviet Socialist Republic, and petitioned to join the Soviet Union.[54][51] Map of the change to the Soviet Union on 2 September 1990
20 September 1990 The South Ossetian Autonomous Oblast declared its separation from the Georgian SSR and petitioned to join the Soviet Union.[55][56] Map of the change to the Soviet Union on 20 September 1990
30 October 1990 The Kirghiz Soviet Socialist Republic renamed itself the Socialist Republic of Kyrgyzstan.[57] Map of the change to the Soviet Union on 30 October 1990
14 November 1990 The Georgian Soviet Socialist Republic renamed itself the Republic of Georgia.[58] Map of the change to the Soviet Union on 14 November 1990
15 December 1990 The Socialist Republic of Kyrgyzstan renamed itself the Republic of Kyrgyzstan.[57] Map of the change to the Soviet Union on 15 December 1990
5 February 1991 The Azerbaijan Soviet Socialist Republic renamed itself the Republic of Azerbaijan.[59] Map of the change to the Soviet Union on 5 February 1991
9 April 1991 The Republic of Georgia declared independence.[60] Disputes:
Map of the change to the international disputes involving the Soviet Union on 9 April 1991
23 May 1991 The Soviet Socialist Republic of Moldova renamed itself the Republic of Moldova.[61] Map of the change to the Soviet Union on 23 May 1991
20 August 1991 The Republic of Estonia declared independence.[48] Disputes:
Map of the change to the international disputes involving the Soviet Union on 20 August 1991
21 August 1991 The Republic of Latvia declared independence.[62] Disputes:
Map of the change to the international disputes involving the Soviet Union on 21 August 1991
24 August 1991 The Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic declared independence as Ukraine.[63] Map of the change to the Soviet Union on 24 August 1991
Disputes:
Map of the change to the international disputes involving the Soviet Union on 24 August 1991
25 August 1991 The Byelorussian SSR declared independence.[64] Disputes:
Map of the change to the international disputes involving the Soviet Union on 25 August 1991
27 August 1991 The Republic of Moldova declared independence.[65] Disputes:
Map of the change to the international disputes involving the Soviet Union on 27 August 1991
30 August 1991 The Republic of Azerbaijan declared independence.[66] Disputes:
Map of the change to the international disputes involving the Soviet Union on 30 August 1991
31 August 1991 The Republic of Kyrgyzstan declared independence.[67]

The Tajik Soviet Socialist Republic renamed itself the Republic of Tajikistan.[68]

Map of the change to the Soviet Union on 31 August 1991|
Disputes:
Map of the change to the international disputes involving the Soviet Union on 31 August 1991
1 September 1991 The Uzbek Soviet Socialist Republic declared independence as the Republic of Uzbekistan.[69][70] Map of the change to the Soviet Union on 1 September 1991
Disputes:
Map of the change to the international disputes involving the Soviet Union on 1 September 1991
6 September 1991 The Soviet Union recognized the independence of the Republics of Estonia, Latvia, and Lithuania.[71][72][73][74] Map of the change to the Soviet Union on 6 September 1991
Disputes:
Map of the change to the international disputes involving the Soviet Union on 6 September 1991
9 September 1991 The Republic of Tajikistan declared independence.[75] Disputes:
Map of the change to the international disputes involving the Soviet Union on 9 September 1991
19 September 1991 The Byelorussian Soviet Socialist Republic renamed itself the Republic of Belarus.[76] Map of the change to the Soviet Union on 19 September 1991
Disputes:
Map of the change to the international disputes involving the Soviet Union on 19 September 1991
21 September 1991 The Republic of Armenia declared independence.[77] Disputes:
Map of the change to the international disputes involving the Soviet Union on 21 September 1991
27 October 1991 The Turkmen Soviet Socialist Republic declared independence as the Republic of Turkmenistan.[78] Map of the change to the Soviet Union on 27 October 1991
Disputes:
Map of the change to the international disputes involving the Soviet Union on 27 October 1991
1 November 1991 The Chechen-Ingush Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic in the Russian SFSR declared independence as the Chechen Republic of Ichkeria.[79][80] Disputes:
Map of the change to the international disputes involving the Soviet Union on 1 November 1991
10 December 1991 The Kazakh Soviet Socialist Republic renamed itself the Republic of Kazakhstan.[81] Map of the change to the Soviet Union on 10 December 1991
12 December 1991 The Russian SFSR ratified the Belavezha Accords, declaring the Soviet Union dissolved.[82] Disputes:
Map of the change to the international disputes involving the Soviet Union on 12 December 1991
16 December 1991 The Republic of Kazakhstan declared independence.[81] Disputes:
Map of the change to the international disputes involving the Soviet Union on 12 December 1991
21 December 1991 The South Ossetian Autonomous Oblast in the Republic of Georgia declared independence as the Republic of South Ossetia.[83] Disputes:
Map of the change to the international disputes involving the Soviet Union on 21 December 1991
25 December 1991 The Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic renamed itself the Russian Federation.[84] Map of the change to the Soviet Union on 25 December 1991
26 December 1991 The Union of Soviet Socialist Republics was dissolved by the Soviet of the Republics of the Supreme Soviet.[85] All union republics had declared independence by this point, and were now undisputed as independent countries: Map of the change to the Soviet Union on 26 December 1991
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  80. ^ Trevelyan, Mark (November 12, 1991). "Breakaway leader challenges Russia". The Guardian. Grozny. Retrieved April 26, 2019.
  81. ^ a b "1st December – Day of the first President of the Republic of Kazakhstan". Karaganda State Technical University. Retrieved July 5, 2016.
  82. ^ "The Belavezha Accords". Boris Yeltsin Presidential Library. Retrieved July 5, 2016.
  83. ^ "Georgia/South Ossetia (1990-present)". Retrieved November 2, 2017.
  84. ^ "Закон РСФСР от 25 декабря 1991 г. N 2094-I Об изменении наименования государства "Российская Советская Федеративная Социалистическая Республика"". Archived from the original on July 19, 2011. Retrieved July 6, 2016.
  85. ^ "Совета Республик Верховного Совета СССР в связи с созданием Содружества Независимых Государств" [Declaration on the occasion of the creation of the Commonwealth of the Independent States] (in Russian). December 26, 1991. Retrieved July 2, 2016. English translation  – via Wikisource.


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