User:Invasive Spices/Noble immigration to the United States
Among the many immigrants who arrive in the United States are some who bear hereditary titles. Immigration of titled persons has drawn tremendous controversy at times because it conflicts with the revolutionary spirit of the United States.
Opposition has several legal bases. The immigration law of 1795 prohibits aristocratic, titled immigration.[1][2] After its passage there was widespread recognition that immigration by members of this class did continue, and that although this law was thought to make such immigration benign, in fact the resumption of title was possible.[1][2] This had been an oversight of the legislature – it may be resumed by the immigrant or any descendants.[1][2] Recognition of these circumstances led to attempts to pass the Titles of Nobility Amendment.[1][2] Besides these bases, the tenor of the society has been cited.[3] The generally antinobility tenor of the country is cited for judicial decisions restricting immigrant aristocratic traditions.[3]
History
[edit]Already during the time of colonization the proportion of upper class settlers was very low.[4] Those few who did arrive with an ennobled history found the majority indifferent and unimpressed, in contrast to the prestigious regard they enjoyed before they came.[4] In Virginia specifically the real mass of aristocratic immigrants were the younger sons of their families who would not inherit anything at home, and so immigrated to build a new life in the colony.[5] In Maryland the immigrant gentry were all English Catholics, including two Jesuits of noble background.[6]
After the revolution, some who had arrived from the Anglican upper class were suddenly American citizens.[7] The revolutionary government drove them out as unwanted, suspiciously foreign, and possibly treasonous.[7] Many of them departed for the north.[7] They were welcomed into Canada by British Colonial authorities both for their loyalty during the war, and for their expected loyalty in a land which had been receiving a worryingly large amount of French immigration.[7]: 61
The Naturalization Bill of 1795 prohibits any titled person from gaining American citizenship.[1][2] Then in 1810 the Titles of Nobility Amendment was specifically proposed to prevent or discourage the immigration of the Bonapartes to Maryland.[2][1] The incorporation of holders of titles of the British Imperial and French Imperial systems into American society is the more generally intended target of both provisions, which would otherwise be as acceptable as the large volume of common British- and French- immigration.[2][1] But as passed, the Act discourages titled immigration as a whole, no matter the country or system – and the Amendment would more strongly do the same, if ratified.[2][1]
Later, at the end of the century some men of the peerage of the United Kingdom immigrated to New York City.[8] Although expected to merge into the city's pre-existing unofficial upper class, they and their descendants became ordinary citizens in actual practice as the US's formula for elitism changed.[8]
Well known immigrants
[edit]The British Army stationed Prince Harry, Duke of Sussex in Southern California for training with US helicopter forces.[9] Later, he and Meghan, Duchess of Sussex purchased and moved to the Chateau of Riven Rock in Montecito, also in Southern California in 2020.[10]
Several members of Saudi royalty have been heavily associated with the US beyond governmental or diplomatic duties, including large real estate purchases and long-term residence.[11] Prince Bandar bin Sultan Al Saud was Ambassador from 1983 to 2005 and during that time was more influential with the country's Administrations than most Ambassadors are,[11] and continued to shape American foreign policy such that his successor resigned after only 18 months.[12] He is also a well known Dallas Cowboys fan, buying a seat next to the owner, his friend Jerry Jones.[11] Bandar normally attends every home game and his absence from one was scandalous.[11]
Diane von Furstenberg immigrated from France in her 20s and permanently settled in an estate in Connecticut called Cloudwalk.[13]
References
[edit]- ^ a b c d e f g h
Hart, Gideon (2011). "The "Original" Thirteenth Amendment: The Misunderstood Titles of Nobility Amendment". Marquette Law Review. S2CID 142628950.
...a larger naturalization bill, in 1795 ... exclude[d] "any foreign emigrant from citizenship who had borne a title of nobility in Europe till he had formally renounced it." 45 This portion of the bill, which remains codified as law today, 46 was proposed at least partially out of fear that former French nobility fleeing the French Revolution would come to the United States and reestablish themselves as a privileged class unless they "renounced all hereditary titles" that they may possess." However, the naturalization bill ... did not prevent a former noble from renouncing his title and then simply reclaiming it immediately after becoming a citizen. 48
...
[The author believes] the goal of the ToNA was initially only to correct the naturalization law
...
When combined, the first draft of the ToNA and the naturalization statute would serve to force an immigrating nobleman to renounce his title if he sought citizenship and then never reclaim that title (or claim any others) if he hoped to become a public official in the United States. 52
...
First, it now included within its purview ... those who held titles through descent (essentially barring foreign nobles from citizenship) ... 56 - ^ a b c d e f g h
Villeneuve, Hubert (2019). "L'amendement fantôme : révocation de citoyenneté, pseudo-histoire et conspiration autour du Titles of Nobility Amendment de 1810" [The Phantom Amendment: Revocation of Citizenship, Pseudo-History, and Conspiracy Around the Titles of Nobility Amendment of 1810]. Bulletin d'histoire politique [Political History Bulletin of Quebec]. 27 (3 Dossier : La république apprivoisée : racisme et institutions dans l'histoire politique des États-Unis). Consortium Érudit (Political History Association of Quebec (Association québécoise d'histoire politique, AQdHP) & (VLB Éditeur)): 88–109. doi:10.7202/1063726ar. ISSN 1929-7653. S2CID 204721942.
Même si ces efforts demeurent infructueux ... le Naturalization Act of 1795 ... impose désormais à tout immigrant souhaitant obtenir la naturalisation ... de renoncer à tout titre de noblesse. C'est cette tension entre citoyenneté américaine et titres aristocratiques que tente de résoudre définitivement le TONA en 1810.
[Although these efforts were unsuccessful ... the Naturalization Act of 1795 ... now requires any immigrant wishing to obtain naturalization ... to renounce any title of nobility. It was this tension between American citizenship and aristocratic titles that the TONA attempted to definitively resolve in 1810.] - ^ a b Delgado, Richard (1984). "Inequality from the Top: Applying an Ancient Prohibition to an Emerging Problem of Distributive Justice". UCLA Law Review. 32 (100). UCLA School of Law. Archived from the original on 2022-12-16. Retrieved 2022-12-16.: Part I. JUSTICE IN GIVING
- ^ a b
Smith, Whitney (1999). "American Perspectives on Heraldry and Vexillology". Raven: A Journal of Vexillology. 6. NAVA (North American Vexillological Association): 41–53. doi:10.5840/RAVEN199964. ISSN 1071-0043. S2CID 163279468.
Society ... overwhelmingly ... descended from segments of the European population which had nothing to do with heraldry in their daily lives. ... [Those who did] formed even more of a minority than ... in Europe. Perhaps more importantly ... [this] did not engender the prestige and community support ... [as] in Europe ...
- ^
Rose, E. (2020). "Viscounts in Virginia: A Proposal to Create American Noblemen (1619)". Huntington Library Quarterly. 83 (1). University of Pennsylvania Press (The Huntington Library, Art Museum and Botanical Gardens): 181–198. doi:10.1353/hlq.2020.0005. eISSN 1544-399X. ISSN 0018-7895.
Younger and improvident sons of the aristocracy were willing to come
- ^
Daniels, Roger (2002). "2 English Immigrants in America: Virginia, Maryland, and New England". Coming to America: A History of Immigration and Ethnicity in American Life (2 ed.). Harper Perennial. ISBN 9780060505776.
Of ... 150 immigrants ... the gentry were all English Catholics (including two Jesuit priests)
- ^ a b c d Zolberg, Aristide (2008). A Nation by Design : Immigration Policy in the Fashioning of America. Cambridge, Massachusetts, US, New York, New York, US: Harvard University Press (HUP)/TriLiteral (Russell Sage Foundation). ISBN 978-0-674-03074-9. LCCN 2005044742. OCLC 221175615. ISBN 978-0-674-02218-8.
- ^ a b
Montgomery, Maureen (2014). 'Gilded Prostitution' : Status, Money and Transatlantic Marriages, 1870-1914. Routledge Library Editions : Women's History (1 ed.). Routledge. ISBN 9781136214943. p. 49:
These new families then returned to America to reap the benefits of their social success in Europe. This state of affairs lasted, however, only as long as Americans continued to look to Europe for cultural and social leadership and while the national elite was working out its own formula for membership.
- ^ Grieco, Sarah (2011). "Prince Harry Arrives in El Centro". KNSD. San Diego, Ca, US.
- ^ Petit, Stephanie (2021). "What Is Archie's Chick Inn? The Sweet Moment You Missed from Meghan and Harry's Oprah Interview". People.
- ^ a b c d Miles, Hugh (2009). "The Missing Prince". London Review of Books.
- ^ Hersh, Seymour (2007). "The Redirection : Is the Administration's new policy benefitting our enemies in the war on terrorism?". The New Yorker.
- ^ Phelan, Hayley (2014), "Diane von Furstenberg Has a Giant Lipstick Tree in Her Backyard", Fashionista
See also
[edit]- American royalty#Royalty who became naturalized Americans
- American royalty#Royalty who were born abroad with dual American citizenship
Category:Immigration to the United States Category:Upper class